Fundamental Rights and Duties of Citizens | Constitution of Pakistan

Dear students, welcome to the online

class. Our topic is rights and duties of

the citizens. You know, we are studying

civics and community engagement. And in

the definition of civics, we learned

that civics is the relationship of a

citizen to the state. And the role

played by a good citizen in the state is

studied by civics. And again when we

were studying the definition of the

constitution we learned that

constitution is a supreme law of the

state and it g the structure of the

government in a particular state as well

as it describe the rights and duties of

the citizens. So rights and duties are

very much important aspects of a modern

day civic life. So what are the rights

of a citizen and what are the duties of

a citizen? These rights and duties of

the citizens are explained by the

constitution of any state and like the

constitution of all explains the rights

and duties of the citizens.

In today's lecture we will be focusing

on the rights and duties of a citizen.

The fundamental rights are the

legitimate rights of a person living in

a state and these rights are

acknowledged by the state

and such rights are recognized and

protected by the states. These rights

can be divided into uh some categories

like moral rights and like legal rights.

Moral rights are the rights which are

relevant to the ethics and which cannot

be enforced by law. But the legal rights

they are prescribed by the constitution

and uh some laws of the state and they

can be proclaimed by citizen and these

legal rights can be divided into two

subbranches like civil rights and

political rights. In civil uh rights we

can include the right to life, the right

to liberty, the right to the right to

property etc. And in political rights we

can include the right to vote, the right

to participate in political affairs.

At this moment we may differentiate

between the fundamental rights and the

human rights. Fundamental rights are

those which are explained by the

constitution.

While the basic rights are the rights

which are which may be included in the

constitution or which may be uh

implemented by some international

organization like uh United Nation or

international labor organization ILO

etc.

Today we are uh studying the rights and

duties and let's discuss the rights and

duties of the citizen of Pakistan as

described by the constitution.

We know that the current constitution of

Pakistan was promulgated on the 14th

August 1973 and it is the third in the

current constitution and we also know

that there are 280 articles in this

constitution. These 280 articles are

further divided into 12 parts. And every

part again is divided into some chapters

like uh a part may contain only one

chapter but some parts contain more than

one chapter like two chapters, three

chapters, maybe even four chapters. So

280

is the total number of articles that

these articles are divided into part one

that is part two and likewise part three

and four 5 and 12.

Part one of the constitution is called

introductory

and it has article 1 to 6. It contains

article 126. And part two of the

constitution is

part two of the constitution is

fundamental rights and principles of

policy.

It contains article 7 to 40.

The number of particles are

okay. Please give me a quick reply. What

could be the actual number of particles

in this part if they are running from 7

to 40? Is it 34?

Yes. The number of particles in this

part is 34. And this part is further

divided into two chapters. But let's

discuss part one. Part one has one to

six articles and this uh title shows

that it introduced the constitution and

introduced the system in the state to

the region and among these six articles

we will be focusing only on two that is

article one and article five. Article

one is about the name and territories of

the state. The name of the state is

Islamic Republic of according to article

one. And it says that there shall be a

federal republic called Islamic

Republic.

And it says that there shall be a

federal republic called Islamic Republic

of Pakistan. No, we are facing two

terms. One is federal and the other is

republic.

We have already discussed these two

terms but let me revise it. Federal is a

structure of government or federation is

such a state where there are two layers

two tiers of government exist. one at

the center to manage particular affairs

of the state and the other at a unit or

province to manage the remaining affairs

of only that province. As far as

Pakistan is a federal state, so we know

that there is a government at Islamabad

which is called central government and

which is also called federal government.

Sometime that is or national government

as well and this government is

responsible to manage some particular

affairs related to the entire state like

defense of the state like currency like

international affairs like railway like

major mega projects etc. Those things

which are related to the entire states

are given to the in the in the custody

of the federal government. However,

those subjects which are smaller in

nature or which can be devolved to the

provinces, they are given to the

provincial government and provincial

assembly and this include agriculture,

health, primary and secondary education,

irrigation, local government etc. So

Pakistan is a federal state and there

are two types of government. one based

at Islamabad and the other government is

at Pishawa

in Karachi.

Republic is a democratic setup. We have

studied that a democratic setup can be

either parliamentary or either

presidential type. In order to

understand republic, let's revise the

two terms. One was head of the state and

the other was head of the government.

Head of the government in a democratic

state is the chief executive and uh he

or she must be elected by the people

unless and until the head of the

government is not elected such type of

state cannot be a democratic. So head of

the government should be elected while

head of the state

while head of the state can be elected

at times he may be nominated.

So head of the state at times be elected

sometime he may be nominated or selected

or sometime he or she or we may use they

they may be head of the state by birth.

If head of the state is elected such

type of head is called the president and

the state is known as a republic. And if

head of the state is dominated or

selected such type of state is called

dominion. And the title for such head of

the state is governing general. You know

that when Pakistan came into being in

August 1947, Pakistan had the status of

dominion and that is why Muhammad Ali

Jana was the first governor of Pakistan.

He was head of the state but his title

was duly general because at that time

Pakistan was a dominion and another is

one can be a head of the state by by

having a birth in some particular or

royal family and this head of the state

is called king or queen and this type of

state is called constitutional monarchy.

We learned that monarchy has two types.

One was one was absolute monarchy and

the other was constitutional monarchy.

Constitutional monarchy is a type of

democracy as well. And here is head of

the government. Uh in a

is head of the government in a

parliamentary setup. Head of a

government is called prime minister and