How Early Could Life Have Appeared In The Universe?

this

is portobelli Hill

situated in the Arid Hills of

Southeastern turkey the mound had long

been considered Sacred by the local

Kurdish people on a clear day the view

from the hill was breathtaking providing

just enough height to see all the way to

the distant Horizon irrigated Farms

filling the surrounding Flatlands

but by the mid-20th century

archaeologists had started to realize

that Potbelly Hill was more than just a

good vantage point it was clearly the

remains of an ancient Village abandoned

long ago and covered in Millennia of

dirt

however seeing nothing of exceptional

importance except what was thought to be

grave markers they had moved on

it wasn't until 1994 that another

archaeologist the German Klaus Schmidt

heard of it from the locals

Guided by Farmers to the location of the

Hill he took it upon himself to set

about his own excavation

soon realized that these large

underground Stones were not grave

markers but the tops of huge megaliths

further work revealed a tremendous

complex including towering t-shaped

pillars long arching paths and

concentric circles of imposing stone

walls

but that was not the biggest surprise

for once archaeologists were able to

date the structure its age astounded

them

the complex was over ten thousand years

old

[Music]

Potbelly Hill which in Turkish

translates as quebecally Tepe was

discovered to be one of the oldest

structures ever built by humans

constructed right at the end of the last

ice age and the transition from hunting

and Gathering to a more settled

lifestyle archaeologists still don't

know the true purpose of the site it may

have been a fully functioning Village or

merely a sacred annual Gathering Place

either way Gobekli Tepe was vitally

important to the people who built and

used it

but after they abandoned it again for

his mysterious a reason as to why they

constructed it in the first place it was

lost

thousands of years of human history

hundreds of cultures and dozens of major

civilizations waxed and waned through

the area never considering it more than

an old Hill with some rubbish buried

beneath the surface

Gobekli Tepe serves as a major

Cornerstone for our modern understanding

of the development of human civilization

without it our own past would be that

much more mysterious

it was built only ten thousand years ago

as we push deeper into the past the

story of our Origins becomes even

murkier with fossil fragments scattered

across the globe we can piece together

the general story of human evolution and

development beyond that we understand no

more than the outlines indeed scientists

estimate that we have fossil evidence

for less than one percent of all the

species that have ever lived

that is just life on Earth

we have only just begun to explore the

wider Cosmos without probes and our

telescopes the vast majority of the

universe remains completely unknown and

unmapped what Mysteries await us there

how far back can we push the origins of

not just ourselves and life on Earth

but life in the universe

like Gobekli Tepe what ancient monuments

to life await Us in the depths of

interstellar space

are we among the first generation

or the latest

in a long line

due to the sun's larger space-time

curvature you would get about 67 seconds

less per year on its surface than on

Earth which is disappointing and

sometimes it feels like we don't have

enough time even here this video has

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the lone dark rocks stood out a blemish

on the otherwise perfectly smooth

perfectly white ice sheets

it sat there for thousands tens of

thousands of years undisturbed safe for

the rare snowfall

and Roberta score

could not

ignore it

a lab manager from NASA's Johnson Space

Center Roberta had been there in

Antarctica spending the nightless hours

scouring the vast ice fields of that

Frozen continent hunting for rocks

exactly like it

Antarctica is a surprisingly fertile

ground for such fines the Rocks stand

out clearly in contrast to the blinding

White Ice though at first Roberta's rock

found in the Allen Hills Far Western ice

field and so named alh 84001 seemed

unremarkable but in reality it was

anything but for it turned out to not

only be a meteorite having fallen from

space Millennia before but Upon

returning it to Johnson's Space Center

the team discovered that it was no

ordinary meteorite

it was a piece

of Mars

matching the chemical composition of the

Martian surface The Rock must have been

blasted off the red planet millions of

years before during a Titanic Collision

then spending eons wandering The

interplanetary Depths before falling to

Earth where it had rested undisturbed

ever since the team sampled and studied

this Martian Exile then made it

available to The Wider scientific

community and so it was nearly a decade

later when another team led by physicist

David S McKay made a startling

announcement

the unassuming meteorite contained

microscopic features that could not be

the work of mere chemical processes

electron microscopy revealed chain-like

structures that resembled living

organisms found on Earth

this Little Rock contained the

fossilized evidence of life

on Mars

NASA announced the discovery to enormous

Fanfare with even the then president of

the United States Bill Clinton giving an

official statement but after the

celebrations died down and other

scientists got a chance to perform their

own examinations these further studies

immediately cast the original

announcement in doubt Martian chemistry

they said did not have to exactly follow

Earth chemistry and they could concoct a

dozen different scenarios to generate

chain-like features from nothing more

than interesting combinations and

reactions of chemicals fascinating

certainly

but not alive

alh 84001 Remains the only physical

specimen to ever even offer a hope of