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Your Life at Every Level Of Power in North Korea

17m 44s3,028 words466 segmentsEnglish

FULL TRANSCRIPT

0:00

Level one, the hostile class. You are

0:02

born with a number, not a name that

0:04

matters. A number in the Song Boon

0:07

system. This is North Korea's cast

0:09

system. It determines everything about

0:11

your life before you take your first

0:13

breath. Your grandfather fought for the

0:15

South during the Korean War. Or maybe he

0:17

owned land before the Revolution. Or

0:20

maybe he was a Christian. Or maybe he

0:22

was a merchant, an intellectual, someone

0:25

who asked too many questions. Whatever

0:27

he did, his crime is now yours. You are

0:30

in the hostile class, the lowest of the

0:32

low. 25% of the population lives here

0:36

with you. You will never leave your

0:38

village in the mountains. You will never

0:39

see Pyongyang. You will never go to

0:42

university. You will never join the

0:44

party. You will never travel abroad. You

0:47

will never own anything of value. You

0:50

will work in a coal mine or a collective

0:52

farm until your body gives out. Then you

0:54

will die and your children will take

0:56

your place. Your food rations are

0:58

smaller than everyone else's. When the

1:00

famines come and they come often, you

1:03

are the first to starve. In the winter,

1:06

you eat bark soup. You boil tree bark

1:08

and grass and corn husks to fill your

1:11

stomach. You catch rats and consider

1:13

them a luxury. Your children look at you

1:16

with hollow eyes. You have nothing to

1:18

give them. Some people in your class

1:20

disappear. They said something wrong.

1:23

They looked at a portrait of the Supreme

1:24

Leader with an expression that someone

1:26

interpreted as disrespectful.

1:28

They listened to a South Korean radio

1:30

broadcast. They tried to cross the river

1:33

into China. They are sent to the

1:35

camps.Wan Leo political prison camps. No

1:39

one comes back from the camps. You've

1:42

heard the rumors from the guards who

1:43

drink too much. Whole families vanish.

1:47

Three generations punish for one

1:48

person's mistake. grandparents, parents,

1:51

children, all sent to dig in the mines

1:54

until they die. You keep your head down.

1:57

You work 16 hours a day. You don't ask

1:59

questions. You don't think questions.

2:02

You hope that one day, maybe in a

2:04

hundred years, your descendants will be

2:06

allowed to be human. Level two, the

2:08

wavering class. You are in the middle.

2:12

Not loyal enough to be trusted, not

2:14

disloyal enough to be eliminated. Your

2:17

family has no obvious crimes, but also

2:19

no obvious heroes. Maybe your father was

2:22

a simple factory worker. Maybe your

2:24

mother was a school teacher who said

2:25

something critical once decades ago and

2:28

someone remembered. The state isn't sure

2:30

about you. So, you are watched. Not as

2:34

closely as the hostile class, but

2:35

watched. You can work in a factory in a

2:38

small city. You can become a teacher or

2:40

a nurse or a low-level clerk, but you

2:43

will never work in Pyongyang. The

2:45

capital is reserved for the loyal. You

2:47

will never travel abroad. You will never

2:50

see your file, the one that determines

2:51

your entire life. It sits in a

2:54

government office somewhere filled with

2:56

reports from informers, observations

2:58

from party officials, assessments of

3:01

your ideological reliability.

3:03

You just know that some doors are

3:04

closed. Your rations are adequate when

3:07

times are good. You have electricity a

3:09

few hours a day, maybe. You have a small

3:12

apartment with a portrait of the Supreme

3:13

Leader that you must keep spotlessly

3:15

clean. Dust on the great leader's face

3:18

is a political crime. You report to the

3:20

neighborhood watch committee, the inm.

3:23

They know when you come home. They know

3:25

who visits you. They count how many

3:27

bowls you have, how many pairs of shoes.

3:30

They know if you're hiding anything.

3:32

Once a week, there are self-criticism

3:34

sessions. You stand in front of your

3:36

neighbors and confess your ideological

3:38

shortcomings. You didn't study the

3:40

Supreme Leader's teachings hard enough.

3:43

You were late to the factory. You had a

3:45

selfish thought. You envied your

3:47

neighbors radio. Everyone confesses

3:50

something. The ones who confess nothing

3:52

are the suspicious ones. The ones who

3:54

confess too much are also suspicious.

3:57

You must confess exactly the right

3:59

amount. Level three, the core class. You

4:02

are trusted. Your grandfather was a

4:04

revolutionary. He fought the Japanese

4:06

occupation. He marched with Kim Song

4:08

across the frozen Yaloo River. His

4:11

loyalty runs in your blood. At least

4:13

that's what the state believes. You live

4:15

in a decent apartment in a regional

4:17

city. You have a television. It receives

4:20

only the state channel, but you have it.

4:22

You watch the news every night. The same

4:24

triumphant reports about record harvests

4:26

and factory production and the Supreme

4:28

Leader brilliant guidance. You have a

4:31

refrigerator even though the power goes

4:33

out so often that keeping food cold is a

4:35

gamble. You can apply for a bicycle

4:37

permit. A bicycle is a luxury. You can

4:40

visit relatives in other provinces with

4:42

the right paperwork. If you apply weeks

4:44

in advance, and explain exactly why you

4:47

need to travel, your children can go to

4:49

university if they study hard, pass the

4:51

ideological tests, and show proper

4:53

revolutionary spirit. University means a

4:56

better job, better rations, maybe even a

4:59

posting in Pyongyang. You are not rich,

5:01

but you are stable. You have food when

5:03

others don't. You have a future when

5:05

others have only survival. You are

5:08

grateful to the supreme leader for

5:09

everything you have. You have been

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taught to be grateful since the day you

5:13

were born. Every meal, every piece of

5:15

clothing, every breath of air is a gift

5:17

from the party. You believe this. You

5:20

have to believe this. The alternative is

5:22

unthinkable. The alternative means

5:25

everything you have built, everything

5:26

your grandfather fought for was a lie.

5:29

Level four, the party member. You join

5:32

the Korean Workers Party. This is the

5:34

first real step into the elite. Only 10%

5:37

of the population is allowed in. You had

5:39

to be recommended by existing members

5:41

who vouched for your loyalty. You had to

5:43

prove yourself through years of

5:44

voluntary labor, unpaid work for the

5:47

state. You had to memorize the teachings

5:49

of the Supreme Leader, his father Kim

5:51

Jong- and his grandfather Kim Il Sung.

5:54

You can recite the history of the

5:56

revolution. You know every battle, every

5:58

hero, every enemy, every victory against

6:01

the imperialist Americans and their

6:03

puppet regime in the South. Now you have

6:06

access. You can shop at special stores

6:08

where they have goods that ordinary

6:09

citizens have never seen. Imported

6:12

fruit, real coffee, chocolate, medicine

6:15

that actually works. You get better

6:17

housing in a better neighborhood. You

6:19

get a party ID card that opens doors,

6:21

literal doors that are locked to

6:23

everyone else. But with access comes

6:25

responsibility. You must attend party

6:28

meetings every week, sometimes more. You

6:30

must contribute money from your salary.

6:32

You must volunteer for political

6:34

campaigns. You must recruit others and

6:36

guide their ideological development. You

6:38

must report disloyalty. If your neighbor

6:41

says something questionable about the

6:42

regime, you must tell someone. If you

6:45

don't report it and someone else does,

6:47

you are complicit. You become an

6:49

informer. Everyone is an informer. The

6:52

party survives because no one trusts

6:54

anyone. Not your co-workers, not your

6:56

neighbors, not your spouse, especially

6:59

not your spouse. Marriage is a

7:01

partnership, but loyalty to the party

7:03

comes first. Level five, the local

7:05

cadre. You're a cadre now, a local

7:08

official with real responsibility. Maybe

7:10

you run a factory producing textiles or

7:13

machinery. Maybe you manage a district

7:15

of 10,000 people. Maybe you oversee

7:17

agricultural production for an entire

7:19

county. You have real power for the

7:21

first time. Power means responsibility

7:24

and danger. Everything in your

7:26

jurisdiction is your fault. If

7:28

production is down, you answer for it.

7:30

If there is unrest, you answer for it.

7:33

If someone escapes to China, you answer

7:35

for it. If there's a flood, a drought, a

7:38

disease outbreak, you answer for it. You

7:41

cannot blame your workers. You cannot

7:43

blame the weather. You cannot blame the

7:45

system. The system is perfect. Only

7:48

people fail. The Supreme Leader's

7:50

guidance is flawless. Only your

7:52

implementation is lacking. You learn to

7:54

cook the books. Everyone does. You

7:57

report higher production numbers than

7:58

you actually have. You hide problems.

8:01

You cover up accidents. If the truth got

8:03

out, you would be sent down. Sent down

8:06

means losing everything. Your apartment,

8:08

your party membership, your access to

8:10

special stores, your family status. Sent

8:14

down means becoming wavering class or

8:16

worse. So you lie. You lie to your

8:19

superiors who are lying to their

8:21

superiors who are lying to Pyongyang.

8:23

The central committee receives reports

8:24

of record harvests while people starve

8:27

in the villages. The entire country runs

8:29

on lies stacked on lies. The supreme

8:32

leader probably knows. He has to know.

8:35

But the lies are part of the system. The

8:37

system requires lies to function. Level

8:40

six. The Pyongyang elite. You made it.

8:43

You live in the capital. Only 3 million

8:45

people are allowed here. the most loyal,

8:48

the most connected, the most useful.

8:50

Everyone else is forbidden from entering

8:52

without special permission. There are

8:54

checkpoints on every road into the city.

8:57

Pyongyang doesn't look like the rest of

8:58

the country. There are skyscrapers and

9:00

wide boulevards. There are cars, actual

9:04

private cars, not just military

9:05

vehicles. There are shops with actual

9:08

products in the windows. There are

9:10

restaurants and theaters and parks. It

9:12

looks almost modern, almost normal,

9:15

almost like a real city. Foreigners who

9:17

visit see only Pyongyang. They don't see

9:19

the villages where children eat grass.

9:22

You have a nice apartment with reliable

9:23

electricity, at least most of the time.

9:26

You have hot water. You have access to

9:28

foreign films, carefully selected ones

9:30

that show the decadence and moral

9:32

corruption of the West. You have a car,

9:34

maybe a status symbol that tells

9:36

everyone you matter. You send your

9:38

children to elite schools where they

9:40

learn languages, sciences, and the

9:42

proper way to serve the regime. But even

9:45

here, you are watched, especially here.

9:48

The capital is full of surveillance.

9:51

Every building has informers embedded in

9:53

every floor. Every office has listeners.

9:55

Your phone is tapped. Your conversations

9:58

are monitored. Secret police walk the

10:00

streets in plain clothes, watching for

10:02

any sign of disloyalty. You can fall at

10:04

any moment. One wrong word, one

10:07

suspicious friendship, one relative who

10:09

defected to the south. The higher you

10:12

rise, the longer and harder you fall.

10:14

Level seven, the military general. You

10:17

wear the uniform, the crisp green jacket

10:19

covered in metals that stretch from your

10:21

shoulder to your belt. Some of the

10:23

medals you earned through decades of

10:24

service. Some were given to you because

10:26

the supreme leader likes your face or

10:29

because you clapped loudly enough at the

10:30

right moment. You command thousands of

10:33

soldiers. On paper, you command

10:35

millions. The Korean People's Army is

10:37

one of the largest standing armies in

10:39

the world. But your soldiers are

10:40

malnourished teenagers who faint during

10:42

parade rehearsals. Your equipment is

10:45

Soviet era machinery that hasn't been

10:46

updated since the 1980s. Your tanks

10:49

haven't moved in years because there's

10:51

no fuel to run them. Your aircraft are

10:53

grounded. Your navy rusts in port. It

10:56

doesn't matter. Your job isn't to fight

10:58

a real war. Your job is to threaten one.

11:00

You stand behind the Supreme Leader at

11:02

parades. You take notes during his

11:04

speeches that you will never read again.

11:06

You clap exactly as long as everyone

11:08

else claps. Never longer, never shorter.

11:11

You are a prop, a symbol. The metals on

11:14

your chest are theater. But you also

11:16

have power, real economic power. The

11:19

military controls factories, mines,

11:21

construction projects. It runs its own

11:23

shadow economy separate from the

11:25

civilian government. You skim from this

11:27

economy. Everyone does. You live well.

11:30

You have a villa outside the city with

11:32

servants. You have access to the most

11:34

restricted goods. Scotch whiskey, Cuban

11:37

cigars, Mercedes automobiles. No one

11:40

questions a general, but other generals

11:42

are watching. The Supreme Leader rotates

11:45

commanders constantly, never letting

11:47

anyone build too much loyalty among the

11:49

troops. He promotes and demotes

11:51

unpredictably. He executes generals who

11:53

get too popular, too ambitious, too

11:56

comfortable. You must be loyal but not

11:58

too ambitious. Visible but not too

12:00

prominent. Competent but not

12:02

threatening. It's a balance. Many fail.

12:05

You've seen colleagues disappear. You

12:08

attended their funerals knowing they

12:09

were probably shot and you clapped along

12:12

with everyone else. Level eight, the

12:14

inner circle. You are close to the

12:16

center now. You work in the party

12:18

headquarters in Pyongyang or the

12:20

National Defense Commission or the

12:22

Organization and Guidance Department,

12:24

the most powerful and secretive

12:25

institution in the country. You see

12:28

classified documents that would get

12:29

ordinary citizens executed for even

12:31

knowing they exist. You know about the

12:33

famines that officially never happened,

12:36

the millions who died while the state

12:37

proclaimed record harvests. You know

12:40

about the purges, the thousands of

12:42

officials who were arrested, tortured,

12:44

executed, erased from photographs. You

12:47

know about the nuclear program and the

12:49

missile tests. You know that the economy

12:51

is held together with foreign aid,

12:53

illegal weapons sales, cyber theft, and

12:56

crystal meth exports. You attend

12:58

meetings with the Supreme Leader

12:59

himself. Not often, but sometimes. You

13:03

stand against the wall while he speaks.

13:05

You agree with everything. You laugh at

13:07

his jokes. You applaud his insights. You

13:10

never ever offer an opinion unless

13:12

asked. And when asked, you give the

13:15

opinion he wants to hear. You've learned

13:17

to read his face, to anticipate what he

13:19

wants before he knows himself. You've

13:22

seen what happens to people who say the

13:23

wrong thing. There was a vice minister

13:25

who suggested a minor policy adjustment.

13:28

He was executed with an anti-aircraft

13:30

gun in front of a 100 officials. His

13:32

body literally blown apart. The message

13:34

was clear. The closer you are to power,

13:37

the more dangerous power becomes. You

13:39

sleep lightly. You vary your routine.

13:42

You trust no one, not even your family.

13:45

Your wife reports to someone. Your

13:47

children are leverage. Everything you

13:49

love can be used against you. Level

13:51

nine, the royal family. You share blood

13:53

with the Kim. Maybe you're a cousin.

13:56

Maybe an aunt or uncle. Maybe you

13:58

married into the family. You are royalty

14:00

in a country that officially has no

14:02

royalty. only the pure bloodline of the

14:04

Mount Peeku revolutionary family. You

14:07

live in compounds that don't appear on

14:08

any maps, guarded by soldiers who would

14:10

die before letting anyone in. You

14:13

vacation in Switzerland, in the Alps,

14:15

skiing on slopes that your countrymen

14:17

will never see. You shop in Beijing, in

14:20

Singapore, in Moscow. You have seen the

14:22

outside world. You know how different it

14:24

is. You know that everything you were

14:26

taught is a lie, but you can never speak

14:29

of it, not even to each other. You are

14:31

treated like gods inside the country and

14:33

like hostages everywhere else. The

14:35

regime needs you for legitimacy. The

14:37

bloodline must continue. The mythology

14:40

depends on the Kim family being

14:41

superhuman. But you are also a threat.

14:44

Every family member is a potential rival

14:46

for power. Kim Jong-un had his own

14:49

brother assassinated with nerve agent in

14:51

a Malaysian airport. His uncle, who had

14:53

been one of the most powerful men in the

14:55

country, was executed for treason and

14:57

erased from history. Being family

14:59

doesn't protect you. It makes you a

15:01

target. You are watched more closely

15:03

than anyone. Your loyalty must be

15:05

absolute and visible at every moment.

15:08

You attend every ceremony, every parade,

15:10

every memorial. You weep on command. You

15:13

worship the leader publicly,

15:15

performatively, because the alternative

15:17

is death. Level 10, the supreme leader.

15:20

You are the son, the center of

15:22

everything. Your face hangs in every

15:24

building, every home, every classroom.

15:27

Your words are scripture. Your decisions

15:29

are divine law. 25 million people have

15:32

been taught since birth that you are a

15:34

god descended from a sacred mountain.

15:36

You have nuclear weapons. You can

15:38

destroy cities. You have absolute power

15:40

over life and death within your borders.

15:42

You can execute anyone for any reason or

15:45

no reason at all. No court, no trial, no

15:48

appeal. You are the richest person in

15:50

one of the poorest countries on earth.

15:52

You have palaces scattered across the

15:54

country. yachts that never leave port,

15:57

private islands, a personal train with

15:59

bulletproof carriages. You import luxury

16:02

cars by the dozen, and cognac by the

16:04

case, while your people eat grass and

16:06

tree bark. And you are utterly,

16:08

completely alone. You trust no one. Not

16:12

your wife, not your sister, not your

16:14

generals, not your closest adviserss.

16:17

Everyone around you wants something.

16:19

Everyone is performing. Every smile is

16:21

calculated. Every compliment is survival

16:24

instinct. You can never know what anyone

16:26

really thinks. Your generals smile and

16:28

take notes, but would they kill you if

16:31

they thought they could get away with

16:32

it? Your family members bow and praise

16:34

you, but you've already killed some of

16:36

them, and they know they could be next.

16:39

Your father was the same. Your

16:41

grandfather was the same. This is what

16:43

absolute power looks like. A prison made

16:45

of gold. You watch videos of yourself on

16:48

state television. You see the crowds

16:50

weeping with joy at the sight of your

16:51

face. You wonder if any of it is real.

16:54

You wonder if you are real or if you are

16:56

just playing a role that was written for

16:58

you before you were born. You are barely

17:00

40 years old and you will rule until you

17:02

die. There is no retirement. There is no

17:05

escape. And when you die, if you have an

17:08

heir, the cycle will continue. Another

17:11

Kim will take your place on the throne.

17:13

Another god will be manufactured. The

17:15

system will grind on generation after

17:17

generation built on fear and hunger and

17:21

lies and nuclear weapons. Somewhere in a

17:24

village in the mountains, a child is

17:26

being born right now. The state will

17:28

assign them a number in the song bun

17:29

system. Their entire life will be

17:31

determined before they draw their first

17:33

breath. They will worship you until the

17:35

day they die, never knowing that you are

17:37

just as trapped as they are, just in a

17:39

bigger cage. The cycle continues.

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