Car Engine Parts & Their Functions Explained in Details | The Engineers Post

An engine is a machine designed to

convert one form of energy into

mechanical energy.

Heat engines burn fuel to create heat

which is then used to do work. It is a

complex machine built to convert heat

from burning gas into the force that

turns the wheels.

The chain of reactions that achieve that

objective is set in motion by a spark

which ignites a mixture of petrol vapor

and compressed air inside a momentarily

sealed cylinder and causes it to burn

rapidly.

The engine has two types. One is the

internal combustion engine and another

one is the external combustion engine.

The internal combustion engine is those

heat engines that burn their fuel inside

the engine cylinder.

External combustion engines are those

heat engine that burns their fuel

outside the cylinder.

The engine is one of the most essential

parts of the automobile industries. Or

we can also say that the engine is the

heart of an automobile.

So in this video, we'll take a look at

the function and construction of each

engine parts of an internal combustion

engine.

So, be sure to like this video,

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The main parts of an car engine are

cylinder block, cylinder head, oil pan,

manifolds,

gasket,

and

piston, a piston ring, piston pin,

connecting rod, crankshaft,

cam shaft, flywheels,

rod bearing, main bearings, and bearing

caps.

Now, let's take a look at each of engine

parts with details. Starting with

cylinder block,

it is the basic framework for the engine

and one of the main part of an engine.

A cylinder block consists of three

parts. The cylinder in which the piston

slid up and down. The port or opening

for the valves.

The passages for the flow of cooling

water.

The cylinder block is usually made of

gray cast iron or aluminium and its

alloys. While the crank case is fixed to

its bottom.

Apart from these other parts like timing

gear, water pump, ignition distributor,

flywheel,

fuel pump are also attached to it.

Coolant passages are provided in the

cylinder walls for the circulation of

cooling waters.

Cylinder block also carries lubrication

oil to various components through

drilled passages that is called oil

galleries.

Cylinder head.

The cylinder head is another main part

of an engine. It is a joint between the

cylinder head and cylinder block.

It is usually made up of cast iron and

aluminium alloy.

The cylinder head is attached to the

cylinder block using studs fixed to the

block gaskets which are used to provide

a tight leak proof joint between the

head and block.

The cylinder head contains a combustion

chamber above each cylinder

and it also contains valve guides, valve

seats, ports, coolant jackets and

threaded holes for spark plugs. It

incorporates passages for the flow of

cooling water.

There are three different types of

cylinder head is available that depends

upon the valve and port layout.

loop flow type, offset cross flow type

and inline cross flow type.

In the loop flow type, the inlet and the

exhaust manifolds are on the same side

which facilitates preheating of the

intake air.

In the offset cross flow type, the inlet

and the exhaust manifolds are placed on

different sides of the cylinder head.

In the inline cross flow type, the valve

is positioned transversely and usually

inclined to each other while the inlet

and the exhaust manifolds are on

different sides of the cylinder head.

This arrangement gives better

performance but it is costlier.

Crankase.

The oil pan and the lower part of the

cylinder block together are called the

crank case.

It is the bottom portion of the cylinder

block in which the crankshaft is fitted.

This is a rigid construction made of

gray cast iron or aluminum.

Either it can be cast integrally with

the block or can be cast separately and

attached to the block with bolts.

The crank case is shaped simply like a

box having no bottom surface.

The function of the crank case is to

provide support for the main journals

and bearing of the crankshaft rigidly

maintaining the alignment of their axes

of rotation under various engine loads.

Oil pan.

The bottom half of the crank case is

called the oil pan or sump. It is

attached to the crank case through set

screws and with a gasket to make the

joint leak proof.

The oil pan serves as a reservoir for

the storage, cooling, and ventilation of

engine lubricating oil. At the bottom of

the oil sump, a drain plug is provided

to drain out the dirty oil at the time

of oil replacement.

Generally, the sump is made of pressed

steel sheet or aluminum alloy casting is

also used. The oil pump in the

lubricating system draws oil from the

oil pan and sends it to all working

parts in the engine. The oil drains off

and runs down into the pan. Thus, there

is a constant circulation of oil between

the pan and the working parts of the

engine.

Manifolds.

There are separate sets of pipes

attached to the cylinder head which

carries the air fuel mixture and the

exhaust gases. These are called

manifolds.

It is generally made of cast iron so

that it can withstand the high

temperature of the exhaust gases.

Gaskets.

Gaskets are used to provide a tight

fitting joint between two surfaces.

Gaskets are found in the joint between

the cylinder head and the cylinder

block,

between the crank case and oil pan,

and in between the cylinder block and

manifold.

Materials used for gaskets are cork,

asbestous, rubber.

Gaskets produced by the Fuel Pro USA are

cylinder head gaskets, oil pan gaskets,

manifold gaskets,

and pump gaskets,

cylinder liners.

The cylindrical shaped liners are used

to avoid the cylinder wear. It is one of

the most important functional part to

make up the interior of an engine.

Cylinder liners can be replaced after

they are worn out.

These are made of special alloy iron

containing silicon, manganese, nickel

and chromium.

Usually these are cast centrifugal.

These liners resistance to wear and

corrosion and are the oil hardening type

that offers considerably longer life for

the engine.

There are two types of cylinder liners

will be available. They are dry liners

and wet liners.

Dry liner is made in the shape of a

barrel with a flange at the top which

keeps it into position. The entire outer

surface bears against the cylinder block

casting and hence these are machined

accurately at both outer and inner

faces.

Wet liners will be in direct contact

with the cooling water at their outer

face. Because of this, these liners need

not be machined very accurately at the

outer surface. However, they have been

machined accurately at the inner

surface.

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Pistons.

These are the most important engine

parts compared to others. The piston is

a cylindrical plug that moves up and

down in the cylinder. It helps to

convert pressure energy obtained by the

combustion of fuel into useful

mechanical power and it transfer this

power to the crankshaft through the

connecting rod.

The highest position of the piston

reaches in the cylinder is called the

top dead center and the lowest position

it reaches is called the bottom dead

center.

It is provided with about three to five

piston rings that provides a good seal

between the cylinder wall and piston.

The efficiency and economy of the engine

is primarily depend on the working of

the piston.

The material used for the piston is

mainly cast iron and aluminium alloy. It

may be either cast or forged.

The piston is usually small in diameter

than the bore of the cylinder. The space

between the cylinder and the cylinder

wall is called the piston clearance.

This piston clearance provides a space

for a layer of lubricant between the

piston and cylinder wall to reduce

friction. Generally piston clearance is

0.025

mm to 0.10

mm.

Piston rings. The piston rings are

fitted into the grooves of the piston to

maintain a good seal between the piston

and the cylinder wall. The function of

piston rings is to form a seal for the

high pressures gases from the combustion

chamber entering into the crank case.

The material generally used for piston

rings is fine grained alloy cast iron

containing silicon and manganese. It has

good heat and wear resisting qualities.

Mainly there are two types of piston

rings available. They are compression

rings and oil control rings. The number

of piston rings used is about two to

four compression rings and one to two

oil control ring was used.

connecting rod.

It is fitted in between the piston and

crankshaft. The main function of the

connecting rod is to convert the

reciprocating motion of the piston into

the rotary motion of the crankshaft.

Connecting rod in an IC engine is must

be light and strong enough to withstand

stress and twisting forces.

It usually has I beam cross-section and

is made of alloy steel of duralumin by

drop forging.

The small end of the connecting rod has

either a solid eye used to connect the

piston by the piston pin.

The big end of the connecting rod is

always split and it is used to connect

the crank pin of the crankshaft.

Piston pin

The piston pin is also called wrist pin

or gudgeon pin. It is used for

connecting the small end of the

connecting rod and the piston.

It is made hollow to reduce weight and

it is made from case hardened steel.

Mainly there are three types of piston

pins available. They are set screw types

piston pin. This pin is fastened to the

piston by a set screw.

Semifloating piston pin. It is fastened

to the connecting rod with a clamp

screw.

Fully floating piston pin. The pin

floats in both the piston bosses and the

small end of connecting rod. It is

prevented from coming in contact with

the cylinder wall by two circlipips.

Crankshaft.

The crankshaft is the engine component

from which the power is taken. It is one

of the main power transmission sources

in all engine parts. It is the first

part of the power transmission system in

which the reciprocating motion of the

piston is converted into the rotating

motion with the help of connecting rod.

The crankshaft is made of casting or

forging of heat treated alloy steel and

is machined.

A crankshaft consists of crank pins,

weds, balancing weight and main journals

and oil holes.

The front end of the crankshaft carries

three devices. They are a gear that

drives the cam shaft, the vibration

damper to control torsional vibration,

and the fan belt pulley. This pulley

drives the engine fan, water pump, and

generator with a V-belt.

The rear end of the crankshaft carries

flywheel. The flywheel tends to keep the

crankshaft running at constant.

Cam shaft.

A cam shaft is a shaft on which cams are

mounted.

A cam is a device that changes the

rotary motion of the cam shaft into the

linear motion of the follower.

It is responsible for the opening of the

valves. A cam shaft has several cams

along the length. The cam shaft is

driven by the crankshaft and it has

twice the gears as many teeth as the

gear on the crankshaft and it turns at

half the speed of the crankshaft.

Cam shaft made from forged alloy steel.

There are three types of the cam shaft

drive mechanism. They are gear drive,

chain drive and belt drive.

Flywheel.

The flywheel used in a transmission

system of a vehicle. A flywheel is a

heavy steel wheel attached to the rear

end of the crankshaft.

The size of the flywheel depends upon

the number of cylinders and the

construction of the engine. The inertia

of the flywheel tends to keep the

running of the crankshaft at a constant

speed.

Engine valves.

These are essential to control the

timing of air fuel mixture entry into

the cylinder and combustion products out

of the cylinders. Engine valves are

located at the inlet and outlet opening

of the engine cylinder. The valves fit

on the valve seats in their closed

position.

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