Basics of Networking for Beginners | Getting Started With Networking | Computer Networks|Simplilearn

foreign

communication on the internet has always

been a complex topic to cover partly

because of the various pieces of the

person from basing appliances like

routers to multi-server data accounts

networking usually follows a particular

structure that is then scaled based on

the requirement

welcome to this video on the basics of

networking where we cover the multiple

Hardware elements and topologies of how

these Network setups work

let's take a look at the things we will

be covering today in our video

you start by learning about the

different network types and the

importance of an IP address in a network

environment

nice because the significance of

switches and the working of routers in a

network

moving on we cover the explanation of

subnets in a network and the importance

of network address translation or nand

finally we understand how firewalls work

the distance use cases of dmzs and port

forwarding

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so let's get started with the two major

types of network that should be

considered basic knowledge for someone

starting out with networking lands and

rents the first variety of networks is a

local area network also known as Lang it

comprises of cables gateways switches

routers and additional parts that allow

these devices to connect to private

servers cloud services and other lands

via larger Networks the group of

virtualization has also sped up the

creation of virtual lands which select

Network managers divide and logically

organized Network nodes without having

to make significant modifications to the

infrastructure

the computers in each department could

be conceptually linked to the same

switch in an office with many

departments beat accountancy I.T support

and administration

still they might be segregated to

operate separately

the benefits of a land are similar to

those of any collection of connected

devices they may access and even control

one another exchange files print to

Shared printers and utilize a single

internet connection

to better understand this logic let us

take a sample structure

you can see the various components of a

local network connection in this picture

and now we can see three different

devices a system a laptop and a printer

so you have these few devices that need

to be connected to a single local AEG

Network

now to identify these devices inside the

network we need to assign an identifier

to each device so this is the an IP

address can help

an IP address is a lengthy string of

digits allocated to any device connected

to a network that utilizes Internet

Protocol as the communication medium is

the visual equivalent of your house or

workplace's mailing address

the addresses are divided into four

sections separated by Doms each

traditional Place strain numeral portion

represents an 8-bit binary integer which

can range from 0 to 255.

these four integers are expressed in

normal decimal notation and then

separated by top

however computers work with binary

numbers meaning zeros and ones and each

number in an ipv4 address represents an

8-bit binary integer which is why none

of them can be more than 255.

the distribution of this IP addresses is

not just limited to LAN every device

which is a part of the network will have

its own IP address as assigned by the

network administrator as seen in the

picture we can now identify each device

individually by the designated IP

addresses

now the primary purpose of a network

being the ability of multiple devices to

communicate and exchange information

with each other these IP addresses serve

only half the purpose since allotment

and identification of these addresses

need to be managed automatically and On

Demand if the laptop shown on the left

of the screen wants to use the printer

in the network it needs to know which

particular device or more precisely

which particular IP address to

communicate

this is where a switch comes into play

it takes a role of the delegation and

commands in a particular Network

let's learn more about switches in

detail

a network switch joints devices in a

network such as computers printers

wireless access funds and allows them to

communicate with each other by

exchanging data packets we can do both

physical Hardware devices that handle

real networks or software-based virtual

devices

the vast majority of network equipment

in modern data networks are switches the

link extra PCS access points automated

equipment and some iot devices via wired

connections such as card entry systems

The Limited computers and data centers

that run virtual machines or VMS as well

as the actual server and most of the

storage equipment

based on the type of switches employed

they can either differentiate between

network devices using either the IP

addresses or Mac addresses which are

separate types of addresses allotted to

each Hardware device irrespective of the

network it is connected to

now that you understand the major parts

of a local area network a major query

that may come to your mind is how can

these local networks then communicate

with other networks a rocker is employed

at the Forefront of every network setup

to facilitate communication between

foreign Networks

this router can then be used to connect

to the Internet so we can communicate

with the loved ones from the comfort of

our own homes

so let's learn a little more about

routers

the router is a physical or virtualized

Internet working equipment that receives

analyzes and transfers data packets

across computer networks the router

checks and data packets destination IP

address and utilizes headers and

forwarding tables to determine the best

path to transport the packet

consider the router to be an air traffic

controller and data factors to be

airplanes flying to various airports or

networks in this case

each package like each check has a

unique destination and must be steered

to its destination as effectively as

possible

a router helps direct these data packets

to the intended IP addresses in the same

manner that the air traffic controller

ensures that flights arrive at their

destination without getting lost or

experiencing severe destructions

a router employs an internal routing

table which is a collection of Pathways

to multiple Network destinations to

properly direct packets

it scans the header of a packet to

establish its destination then consults

a routing table to find the most

efficient way to their destination

the packet is subsequently sent to the

next Network along the Route

also has an IP address which is often

called as the network Gateway

a crucial part of the networking setup

is determining whether a particular

piece of Hardware is a part of local

network or a foreign device

as you already know specific IP

addresses exist for each device in a

network be it a local or wide area

network all these IP addresses must

belong to a particular range of

addresses which are often known as the

subnet or sub Network and which help

determine the overall range of a local

area network

for example the IP addresses that can be

seen on the screen right now belong to a

software that is 255.255.0.0

the first two flags did not fix values

that must be present in every single IP

address of every single device in this

particular Network

in our case the 192.168 is the

consistent factor in every single IP

address shown on the screen

this implies that if the devices can

connect to a piece of equipment with an

IP address and it starts from 192.168

that device will most likely be in the

same local area network

the last two places are the free ranges

in this example which means they can be

any number less than 255 further helping

the router and switch differentiate

between multiple IP addresses in a

network

with that being said we can now take a

look at how wide area networks work

a wide area network or a van is in its

most basic form a collection of local

area networks for any other networks

that interact with one another

why Data Network is essentially a

network of networks with internet

serving as the world's biggest one

however when a router communicates with

devices outside a local network it tends

to mask the internally allocated IP

addresses and uses a single public IP

address for all the devices

this process is called Network address

translation or Nat IP allocation

a network address translation is a

method of translating one IP address to

another while these packets are in

transit through a router this improves

security and reduces the number of IT

addresses required by a company

answer Auto receive some particular

information that must be transmitted to

a local device in the network it checks

the internal routing tables to determine

the correct internal IP address and the

correct destination to send the external

leadership data to

but let's see a device on external

network or a wide area network wants to

communicate it directly with a device

from the local network

this cannot be allowed since this can be

a very big security risk for devices in

a secure environment

all of this m3m exit rule creation and

handling can be taken care of by a

firewall

a firewall is a type of network security

device that analyzes the incoming and

outgoing networking traffic and allows

organized data packets depending on a

set of security rules its objective is

to provide a barrier between your local

network and external jackets such as the

internet

the most common sort of firewall which

are packed at filtering firewalls check

packets and prevent them from getting

through if they do not meet an

established security rule set

this sort of firewall examines the

packet's destination and Source IP

addresses if the packet fits an allowed

rule on the firewall they are permitted

to access the network

but let's say we as users want to allow

external requests to reach individual

computers or devices on our local

network

there are two ways to facilitate this

Behavior the first way to go through

this step is by using a DMZ which stands

for a demilitarized zone

instead of communicating directly with

the local network device the external

data is sent to the router instead

the router will have created a DMZ sub

network with only those devices added to

it that require other external

information to reach them on altered

once the data is received by the router

it passes it on to the dng subnet and

subsequently to all the devices which

are a part of that summary

however since the external data can

reach devices in a network without any

firewall checks if they are part of the

DMZ subnet the security risk associated

with this method are very large compared

to the second variant which is port

forward

ing is a method of granting external

devices access to computers on private

networks it accomplishes this by

translating an external IP address and

port to an internal IP address and port

all the devices talk to each other and

the network Gateway using the IP

addresses and specific ports for example

the TCP IP protocol basic internet usage

uses Port 80 on every Network

similarly we can create additional file

or rules to open up certain ports for

external devices to communicate with if

the designated ports are open during

communication the firewall will allow

the external network device or server to

communicate directly with the local

network device without any hindrance

that's all we really need to know for

now about the basics of networking

hope you learned something new today if

you have any questions about today's

topics please let us know in the comment

section below and we will get back to

you as soon as possible with some

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