American Pageant Chapter 15 Review APUSH

what's craa lack and aush people today

we're going to take a look at the age of

Reform from 1790 to

1860 if you're reading any of these

three APUSH books we got you covered cuz

we're going to review all the good stuff

in each one of those so let's take a

look at the big Ideas today one the

second grade awakening liberal social

ideas from abroad and romantic beliefs

in human perfectability fostered the

rise of voluntary organizations to

promote religious and secular reforms

including abolition and women's rights

we're going to break that one down today

and secondly various groups of American

Indians women and religious followers

developed cultures reflecting their

interest and experiences as did Regional

groups and an emerging Urban middle

class what the heck does it all mean

that's why you're here so one important

point is there's going to be this

liberalism in religion in fact as a

result of the Enlightenment which was

going on way before the American

Revolution there's these new ideas such

as deism and this idea of deism is less

Revelation more Reliance on reason less

Bible more science now these two people

do believe in God but they feel that

human beings have the capacity for moral

Behavior it doesn't need to all come

from religion and another kind of idea

that's kind of in some ways threatening

traditional religious views of the world

is Unitarianism Unitarianism is a

spin-off from the less extreme

puritanism of the past this idea that

humans in a Unitarian view have Free

Will and the possibility of Salvation by

Good Works whereas if you live a good

life and you choose to do things right

you can be saved this is different than

traditional views where God is seen as

the stern Creator but rather he's a

loving father and it's a contrast with

the kind of Hellfire doctrines of Calvin

ISM so these ideas are really

challenging traditional religious views

uh in the late 1700s early

1800s and these individuals are

rejecting predestination and this idea

of human wickedness so what you see

happening is around the 1790s a Second

Great Awakening occurring and if the

first one was a response to the

enlightenment the second one is a

concern over a lack of religious Zeal

amongst americ American citizens and

these ideas uh that we just discussed

and so what is it well beginning in the

1790s you start to have these wave of

Revival spreading across the country

these Frontier camp meetings like you

see in the picture right there where

these preachers would come such as

Charles finny who is a Revival preacher

who leads the revivals in the New York

area in the 1830s and this guy's against

slavery he's also against the drinking

of alcohol and re he's really one of the

lead figures of the Second Great

Awakening but there's a lot and during

this period numerous citizens are

converted um and fact they're kind of

referred to as Born Again Christians and

attendance in church dramatically

increases you have new religious sex

formed and two of the big ones are the

Methodist and the Baptist huge increase

in their numbers and these two

particular groups uh stress personal

conversion once again not predestination

you have this person personal conversion

and this gives you a democratic control

of church Affairs there's much more of a

democratic nature amongst the Methodist

or Baptist uh congregations and a key

aspect of this is this emotionalism in

worship some other things about the

Great Awakening you should keep in mind

is there is this increase in

evangelicalism this very emotional form

of worship and this is going to inspire

reform efforts during this age of reform

things like prison reform Temperance the

women's movement anti-slavery partly is

going to be inspired by this Second

Great Awakening another key part of the

Second Great Awakening was the key role

of women in religion the majority of new

church members are women in fact women

are going to play an important role in

the second grade awakening but also in

the household because their role was of

bringing the family back into uh

religious worship

in fact many women inspired by their

involvement in the second grade

awakening are going to be involved in

other reform

efforts one particular group you should

be aware of are the Mormons and their

founder is a guy by the name of Joseph

Smith uh he creates the Church of Jesus

Christ of latterday saints more commonly

referred to as the Mormons um he gets

this book of Revelations and he ends up

traveling the country eventually ending

up in Illinois um as a result of views

um an angry mob kills him in 1844 and

Joseph Smith is replaced by a new leader

of the Mormon people bring them young

and he ends up leading the Mormon

followers to the area what is today Utah

in 1846 1847 on this great Mormon Trek

and what happens is they develop this

separate Community New Zion where

they're going to be very prosperous uh

on the frontier they are Cooperative

everyone's working together with the

same Mission and the settlement is going

to grow over time by the birth rate but

also lots of Mormons are going to come

from abroad because Mormon missionaries

are going to be spreading across the

globe looking for new uh members an

important thing to keep in mind with

regard to the Mormons is the admission

of Utah as a state will be delayed until

1896 because one of the things practiced

by the Mormon Community was polygamy

having multiple wives which was a

controversial thing for the US

government this period an important

concept to keep in mind is this age of

Reform partly inspired by religious

motives but also sometimes secular

having having nothing to do with

religion uh one interesting person you

should be aware of is Dorothy adx she is

going to work just tirelessly to reform

mental health treatment when she was

investigating this issue she saw that

many people were put in prison with

mental health issues with criminals and

the treatment of the mentally ill was

abysmal she travels the country and her

efforts leads to the growth of

professional treatment for the mentally

ill other reforms is education reform um

tax supported schools were rare in the

early years of the Republic education

schooling was the privilege of the elite

if anybody had access to it and so

education was really bad and there's

some benefits that people begin to think

about for public education of the

population one is you want to instill

Republican values you want people to be

good citizens and you know be

knowledgeable you also want to instill

values such as discipline and hard work

um you want people to have basic reading

skills so that they can work in the

factories and be able to operate the

machinery and of course with all these

immigrants coming over some people who

advocated public education you know you

want to americanize these immigrants

these Irish and these German immigrants

that are coming to America during this

time key figure in this movement is

Horus man he becomes the secretary of

the Massachusetts Board of Education he

starts putting all sorts of reforms

forward such as longer school terms

compulsory and attendance you have to go

to school and expanded curriculum and of

course more schools sorry kids horse man

it's partly to blame this is going to be

a northern Reform movement more than any

others the South isn't too keen on

adopting these education reforms

there's not a real need in a

plantation-based economy of course also

keep in mind that this public schooling

is going to be largely in the North in

fact in the South it was illegal to

teach slaves to read or write the famous

story of Douglas learning to read and

write with his master's uh disapproval

another Reform movement you should be

aware of is the temperance movement

there were huge drinking problems in the

country um drinking excessively was

alter too common it was lonely on the

frontier out on the farm and people

drink excessively and there's a lot of

different motives as to why you want

people to drink less one the factory

system especially in the north you need

an efficient controlled labor source you

don't want people drunk moving slow

because they're hung over family life is

always a concern you don't want drunk

husbands beating their wives and

children and for some once again this

issue of immigration many saw the Irish

and the German immigrants coming from

cultures where drinking was way too

common and some Americans wanted to slow

this down well the American Temperance

Society is created in

1826 at first they kind of urged their

members to take a drinking or a

non-drinking pledge to abstain from

drinking here you have a man pledging to

his family that he will stop drinking

over time the American Temperance

Society very religious a lot of

Evangelical Christians join it but also

secular people um they're going to move

from creating propaganda to spread their

dry message to actually trying to get

people uh to stop drinking legally so

there's a move from Temperance hey stop

drinking to actual trying to get laws

passed and you're going to see a law

passed in Maine in

1851 which prohibits the manufacture and

sale of liquor and of course the big one

will be Nationwide when the 18th

Amendment is adopted right at the start

of the 192 Banning liquor in America

more on that another time the women's

movement is going to develop during this

time women are going to resist their sub

substandard position in society women

were treated like second class citizens

you know this period this age of the

Common Man democratization where the

property requirements were going away

did not apply to women this really truly

did mean the age of the Common Man women

were excluded no right to vote they for

forfeited their property to their

husbands and so on and what you get is

this belief in the cult of the

Domesticity this idea that the home was

a special place for women where they

would take care of their family and that

is kind of their realm there was this

idea of Republican Motherhood where

mothers would raise their children to be

good citizens um but that was very

limiting for many women and as a result

you do get some women starting to resist

women reformers they're partly inspired

by the Second Great Awakening they're

taking a more public role within the

church but others are going to demand

you know rights for women some women are

going to be very involved in the

temperance movement the anti-drinking

movement and some women are going to be

very involved in the Abolitionist

Movement against slavery two important

women you should know about thecia M and

Elizabeth cat Stanton both are going to

be advocating for the right of women to

vote suffrage and in fact in 1848 The

senica Falls Convention takes place in

New York Women meet it is the first

national meeting amongst women Stanton

reads the Declaration of Sentiments and

very closely modeled after the

Declaration it says all men and women

are created equal in fact not only do

they have a list of resolutions they

demand the right to vote for women and

it is seen as the beginning of the

modern women's rights movement however

over time the women women's rights

movement in the 19th century antibellum

americ is going to be overshadowed by

the Abolitionist Movement and women will

have to wait for the right to vote until

19th Amendment

happens another important group The

transcendentalist transcendentalism this

idea that truth transcends the senses

it's not just found by observation alone

every person possesses an inner light

that can illuminate the highest truth

and you get these thinkers and these

these writers such as Ralph Waldo

Emerson who stress self-reliance

self-improvement and freedom in fact

Emerson is in 1837 going to deliver The

American Scholar speech at Harvard

University where he's going to challenge

Americans to make their own art and

culture don't just copy Europe the guy

you see with the really kind of crazy

eyes is Henry David thoro he is going to

be another transcendentalist he's going

to write on the duty of Civil

Disobedience where he refused to pay

refuses to pay his taxes during the

Mexican-American War uh because he feels

it is an unjust war and his ideas are

going to inspire people such as Gandhi

and Martin Luther King later on in the

20th century another kind of

transcendentalist book is the book

Walden Where thorough lives out in

nature for two years kind of discovering

his inner

self and with this you're going to see

see the rise of utopian communities

during this time period various

movements to move away from conventional

society and create a Utopian community

the Mormons are an example of a

religious communal effort um they moved

away from traditional Society partly

because traditional Society was so

hostile to them you get Brook Farm which

was a communal transcendentalist

experiment in massachusett it was

secular non-religious it was humanistic

uh the transcendentalist Society of

Brook Farm and then you get another one

like New Harmony where they create a

socialist type community that would be

the answer to the problems presented by

industrialization this kind of

inequality that the Industrial

Revolution was creating New Harmony was

meant to address that many of these

utopian communities would fail but many

many spring up across the country all

right that's going to do it for today

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as always peace