Pneumonia: Signs and Symptoms, Medications & Nursing Management | PNLE 2025

student nurses remember pneumonia is the

inflammation of the lung to be more

specific it's an inflammation of the

alveoli So what causes pneumonia merong

tatlong causative Agent ang pneumonia

Guys we have the bacteria the viruses

and the fungi iisa-isahin natin to there

are different kinds of bacteria so Iyung

bacteria nagko-cause ng pneumonia are

the following we have the streptococcus

pumon the hemophilic pumon cleb shella

pumon dipl Cocos pumon and escherichia

coli or also known as e coli ' ba for

the viruses naman Guys we have the

Respiratory cial virus or the rsv tapos

sa fungi we have the pneumocystis gyr

vich pneumonia or PCP Iyung fungai na to

guys is very common siya na nangyayari

for patients na may aids HIV aids aids

is the late stage of HIV so there are

four types of pneumonia

we have the following the community

acquired pneumonia hospital acquired

pneumonia ventilator associated

pneumonia and the aspiration pneumonia

so These are the four types of Pneumonia

Kung tatanungin kayo guys sa board exam

what is the most common type of

Pneumonia and the leading cause of death

ang sagot dito cap community acquired

pneumonia tatanong niyo naman kayo guys

sa board exam this happened sa hospital

after 48 hours of admission sa pangalan

pa lang mismo hospit acquired pneumonia

pero kapag ang s Pero kapag ilalagay sa

board exam is nosocomial pneumonia iisa

lang yan sila nosocomial pneumonia or

hospital acquired pneumonia is the same

ang ventilator associated pneumonia ito

Iyung paggamit ng ventilator na

nagko-cause ng pneumonia based on its

name lang aspiration pneumonia po these

are introduction of external contents

Like for example gastric content Minsan

may mga scenario din kung saan yung bata

nakalunok siya ng for example money ba

ba may oil yon yung lipid doun sa oil na

yon it can cause pneumonia din so tawag

diyan is aspiration pneumonia so sa

pangalan niya pa lang Guys meron kang

nalunok na foreign body water manan suka

vitus gastric contents oil which can

cause pneumonia so These are the fourth

type of Pneumonia before pneumonia can

happen guys our body will defend itself

as we all know merong dalawang parts ang

respiratory tract we have the upper

respiratory tract and the lower

respiratory tract so gagawi ito ng

paraan In order for it to expel the

bacteria the viruses and the foreign

Bodies na papasok sa lungs natin So

gagawa ng defense mechanism Iyung body

natin So Una ang gagawin niya is

magka-cut no so cuffing is a reflex

magka-cut pala tayo guys it means may

ine-expect yung body natin So coughing

Yan yung unang gagawin ng ating body to

fight off the bacteria and the foreign

body B next magpo-produce ito ng mga

protees yung protees or mga protes guys

these are enzymes protein enzymes that

causes homeostasis sa body natin So

basically sila Iyung

nagba-bra niya ito i-balance gagawa ito

ng paraan to fight off the bacteria next

is the salivary iga or immunoglobulin a

So this is a type of antibody which

fights off the bacteria and other

viruses So yun Yan yung upper

respiratory tract gagawa sila ng paraan

guys to protect us so ang lower

respiratory tract gagawa din siya ng

paraan for us to be protected number one

may mga silia Iyung ano natin sa lungs

natin guys may mga ano diyan hairlike

organ els na tinatawag na Celia so these

are examples of Celia guys Nono so sa

cells natin may mga Celia Iyung bronchus

natin may Celia no So ano ba yung

function ng

Celia Celia moves out particles out of

body it traps particles in the lungs and

clears the lungs from mucus so as you

can see yung bronchus natin yung bronchi

may mga silya yan may mga hairlike

organelles kagaya nga ng Sabi ko

kailangan yung mga silia In order for it

to maintain Hom stasis next surfactant

yyung alveoli natin dito nangyayari

yyung gas exchange remember that yung

alveoli natin guys nag-expand yan at

nagko-collapse para

maka-apil niya ng surfactant ng

lubricate ang function niya sa body is

to reduce surface tension and to prevent

atelectasis and lastly sa lower

respiratory tract meron tayong mga

immune cells also known as alveolar

macrophages

responsible for fighting off the

bacteria viruses and fungi na pupunta sa

lungs natin So basically Iyung upper and

lower respiratory tract natin gagawa ito

guys ng paraan to protect us from harm

and infections Pero yun nga lang when

our body fights off bacteria and viruses

may mga hangganan din so These are the

factors na nakakaaffect na hindi na

magiging strong yung body natin against

the infection number one smoking

especially sa mga chronic smokers diyan

smoking guys Can deplete our immune

system kasi nga imbis na Magtulungan

tulungan natin yyung mga cells natin

yung mga silia yung mga iga natin mas

lalong lumalala kasi nga nagso-sorry

air pollution immunosuppression sinabing

immunosuppression guys bumababa yung

immune system natin So these are common

for patients na may aids and cancer

bronchogenic cancer in particular

prolonged immobility yyung mga tao na

hindi masyadong magalaw galaw walang

exercise or masyadong bed reen and then

food expiration as i recalled earlier

isa din sa mga cause ng neumonia is yung

maasar ka ng mga foreign objects like

vomit oil gastric content so These are

the factors guys precipitating factors

nagko-cause ng pneumonia sa body natin

So what are the signs and symptoms of

Pneumonia tandaan to guys kasi suking

sui Ong na tanong sa board exam number

one we have productive cff pag sinabing

productive cff may plema guys nung time

ko lumabas talaga Ong tanong na to ano

yung kulay ng plema ng taong may

pneumonia greenish to Rusty or pwede

ring tawaging blood tinged yung plema no

so have to remember that okay Bakit

tanong ulit so patients experience Fever

chills anorexia and general body malay

Of course it's infection cyanosis bluish

discoloration kasi nga ' ba apektado

Iyung Al vel which is nandoon nangyayari

yyung gas exchange so technically

affected talaga yung ano natin breathing

also maririnig natin yung mga abnormal

lung sounds like We have the friction

rub or crackles tapos it can cause then

abdominal distension that leads to

paralytic use so These are the signs and

symptoms of Pneumonia So how do we

diagnose pneumonia number one we perform

sputum exam gram stain sputum test this

is the confirmatory test for pneumonia

also we perform chest x-ray cbc titingan

natin dito Iyung elevated erythrocyte

sedimentation rate and wbc Bakit wbc

guys infection pneumonia is infection

and ABG analysis Check natin dito if

mababa yung partial oxygen kasi nga ' ba

affected yung alveoli kung saan yung gas

exchange na nangyayari of course

magkakaroon ng problema with breathing

so as a nurse how do we manage patients

with pneumonia number one guys very

important to guys na lumalabas sa board

exam complete bed rest enforce cbr sa

pasyente So bakit kailangan na silang i-

bed rest guys guys tandaan ang pneumonia

is lung inflammation at kapag affected

yung lungs guys affected din yung airway

at kapag affected ang airway yung blood

supply natin sa katawan is affected din

kasi nga ' ba yung blood carries oxygen

throughout our body so kung may problema

sa blood may problema din sa supply sa

brain and sa body natin that would lead

the patient to be more drowsy Wala

siyang masyadong energy and prone siya

sa accident when it happens Di ba nga

cyanotic Iyung patient kulang pa siya sa

hangin so k pagtatayo siya bigla

mag-change Yung kanyang ano BP

the blood pressure so mag delirium yung

pasyente malalaglag siya mababago yung

ulo niya delikado So that's why we

enforce complete bed rest for our

patients tapos magbibigay tayo ng mga

antibiotics as ordered by the physician

so ang most common na antibiotics na

binibigay natin is iyung mga broad

spectrum antibiotics we have the

penicillin the tetracycline and the

macrolides ung penicillin yung drug of

Choice dito especially for pneumococcal

infections also Nagbibigay din tayo tayo

ng mga macrolide antibiotics so tandaan

guys pag sinabing macrolide antibiotics

ito yung mga gamot na

nag-e-endorse sa ners imo-monitor natin

sila for transient hearing loss

magbibigay din tayo guys ng oxygen of

course May problema na dito sa airway ng

pasyente kasi nga ' ba Infection of the

alveoli gas exchange so medyo affected

yyung oxygen so magbibigay tayo ng o2

Force Fluids to liquify secretions

importante din to guys para maim robil

likee yyung mga mga plema ung mga mucus

and institute pulmonary toilet Ano ba

onong pulmonary toilet na'to so we have

deep breathing exercises coughing

exercises and chest physio therapy

turning a repositioning the patient

nebulization and suction of secretions

and place in semi fowler or high fowlers

very common iyan guys na tanong sa board

exam yyung mga positioning so for

patients with pneumonia dapat silang i-

semi fowlers or high fowlers para

mag-expand Iyung lungs ' ba para

mag-expand hindi siya macompress So

kailangan i- semi fowlers make sure na

comfortable yung patient and provide

High calorie diet like High in protein

High in carbohydrates and rich in

vitamin C and the sit says I hope may

natutunan ka today about pneumonia I'm

pretty sure na lalabas to guys sa board

exam at at least reading ready ka na

thank you so much guys for being here I

hope may natutunan ka today don't forget

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you in my next videos bye