HIP BONE | BONES OF LOWER LIMB | ANATOMY | SIMPLIFIED ✔

hello friends and welcome to my channel

today we will be learning about the

hippo hippo

the hipbone is a large irregular bone it

is made up of three parts the ilium

superiorly the pubis and true inferiorly

and the ischium posto inferiorly the

three parts are joined together at the

acetabulum which is a cup-like concavity

the pubis and the ischium are separated

by an operator foramen the acetabulum

articulates with the head of the femur

to form the hip joint the pubic parts of

the two hip bones join anteriorly to

form the pubic symphysis the two hip

bones together form the pelvic girdle

this is the pubic symphysis and what you

see here is the pelvic girdle

now let's learn about the parts of the

hip bone in detail firstly the ilium the

ilium or the flank forms the upper

expanded plate like part of the hip bone

slower part forms the upper two-fifths

of the acetabulum as you can see right

here the ilium has the following parts

an upper end which is called the iliac

crest a lower end which is fused with

the pubis and the ischium at the

acetabulum three borders the anterior

border this is the anterior border

posterior border and the medial border

and three surfaces the gluteal surface

the iliac surface or the iliac fossa and

the sacral pelvic surface the ilium has

the following parts an upper end which

is called the iliac crest the lower end

which is fused with the pubis and the

ischium at the acetabulum here three

borders the anterior border posterior

border and the medial border since this

is the Anantha mikhyl position of the

hip bone we consider this as the

anterior posterior and the medial border

and finally there are three surfaces the

gluteal surface here the iliac surface

or the iliac fossa and the SAC Republic

surface now let's learn about the iliac

crest the iliac crest forms the upper

end of the hip bone vertically it is

convex upwards anteroposterior Li it is

concave inverts in front and concave

outwards behind the anterior end of the

iliac crest is called the anterior

superior iliac spine it is an important

landmark that is easily felt in the

the posterior end of the iliac crest is

called the posterior superior iliac

spine the iliac crest is divided into a

large ventral segment and a short dorsal

segment the ventral segment forms more

than two-thirds of the iliac crest the

dorsal segment forms less than one-third

of the iliac crest the ventral segment

has an outer lip an inner lip and an

intermediate area the tubercle of the

iliac crest

is an elevation that lies five

centimeter behind the anterior superior

iliac spine that is right here the

dorsal segment has a lateral and medial

slope separated by a rich now let's look

at the borders of the ilium the anterior

border starts from the anterior superior

iliac spine and runs down to the

acetabulum the upper half of the

anterior border forms a notch where the

lower half presents an elevated area

called the anterior inferior iliac spine

the lower half of the Antiguan VA lyac

spine is large triangular and rough now

the posterior border extends from the

posterior superior iliac spine to the

upper end of the posterior border of the

ischium now as you can see this is the

ischium this is its posterior border and

this is its upper end so the posterior

border of the ilium extends from the

posterior superior iliac spine to the

upper end of the posterior border of the

issue just below the posterior superior

iliac spine lies the posterior inferior

iliac spine there is a presence of a

great notch below the posterior border

of the ilium called the greater sciatic

notch this is the greater sciatic notch

now the medial border lies on the inner

surface or the pelvic surface and

extends from the iliac crest above to

the iliopubic eminence below it

separates

the iliac fossa from the sacral pelvic

surface this is a medial border let's

look at the surfaces the gluteal surface

forms the outer surface of the ilium it

is convex anteriorly and concave

posteriorly just like the iliac crest it

is divided into four areas 1 2 3 & 4 by

3 gluteal lines the posterior anterior

and the inferior gluteal line the

posterior gluteal line is the shortest

and begins 5 centimeter anterior to the

posterior superior iliac spine and it

extends downwards to the upper part of

the greater sciatic notch this is a

posterior gluteal line the anterior

gluteal line extends 4 centimeter behind

the anterior superior iliac spine and

extends downwards to the middle of the

upper border of the greater sciatic

notch this is the anterior blue tear

line the inferior gluteal line which is

the most in the find begins a little

behind and above the anterior inferior

iliac spine and runs backwards and

downwards to reach the apex of the

greater sciatic notch the iliac fossa is

a large concave area on the inner

surface of the ilium it is situated

anterior to the medial border and it

forms the lateral wall of the false

pelvis the sacral pelvic surface is an

irregular surface on the inner side of

the ilium it is located behind the

medial border it has three parts

the iliac tuberosity the auricular

surface and the pelvic surface the iliac

tuberosity is a large roughened area

situated below the dorsal segment of the

iliac crest this is the iliac tuberosity

the original surface is large but pitted

it articles with the sacrum to form the

sacroiliac joint the pelvic surface is

smooth and lies and true inferiorly to

the auricular surface

now let's learn about the attachments on

the ileum before I start with that

please note that the red color

symbolizes the origin of muscles the

blue color represents the insertion of

muscles and the green color represents

the attachments of ligaments the

anterior superior iliac spine is

attachment to the lateral end of the

inguinal ligament

it also gives origin to the Sartorius

muscle that you can see right here

marked in red this is the anterior view

of the right lower limb this is the

inguinal ligament and the anterior

superior iliac spine gives attachment to

the lateral end of the inguinal ligament

now this muscle you see here is the

Sartorius the anterior superior iliac

spine also gives origin to the Sartorius

muscle the outer lip of the iliac crest

provides attachment to the fascia Lata

along its entire extend origin to the

tensor fascia Lata in front of the

tubercle that is right here

insertion to the external oblique muscle

in the anterior two-thirds that you can

see here origin to the lattice ms-dos I

just behind the high point of the crest

this one is a large smooth d'Orsay and

the attachment to the iliotibial tract

at the tubercle of the iliac crest that

is right here an easy way to remember

the attachments on the outer lip of the

iliac crest is the use of the mnemonic

felty f stands for attachment of fish

alotta he stands for the insertion of

the external oblique L stands for origin

of lad semester C T for the origin of

tensor fascia Lata and I for the

attachment of the iliotibial tract this

is the lateral view of the human body

the muscle you see here is the external

oblique of the abdomen this muscle is

the latissimus dorsi

this is the lateral view of the right

lower limp

this is the iliotibial tract and this is

the tensor fascia Lata the intermediate

area of the iliac crest gives origin to

the internal oblique muscle along its

anterior two-thirds the inner lip of the

iliac crest provides origin to the

transversus abdominus muscle in its

anterior two-thirds attachment to the

fascia transverse Allis or the fascia

illa-allah akka along its anterior

two-thirds origin to the quadratus

lumborum along its posterior one-third

and the attachment of the torah' coulumb

aphasia around the attachment of the

quadratus lumborum this is the quadratus

lumborum muscle this is the torah'

quilombo fascia now let us look at the

attachments on the dorsal segment of the

iliac crest the lateral slope gives

origin to the gluteus maximus muscle as

you can see right here the medial slope

gives origin to the erector spinae

muscle the inter osius and dorsal

sacroiliac ligaments are attached to the

medial margin deep to the attachment of

the erector spinae muscle that is this

and this this one is the interosseous

sacroiliac ligament and this is the

dorsal sacroiliac ligament this is the

posterior view of the right lower limb

the muscle you see here is a gluteus

maximus muscle moving on to the anterior

inferior iliac spine the upper half of

the spine gives origin to the straight

head of the rectus femoris muscle the

lower half of this spine gives

attachment to the iliofemoral ligament

this is the anterior view of the right

lower limb the muscle you see here is

the rectus femoris muscle this is the

iliofemoral ligament now looking at the

posterior border of the

a few fibers of the piriformis muscle

originate from the upper border of the

greater sciatic notch that is right here

this is a lateral deep view of the right

lower limb the muscle you see here is

the piriformis now moving on to the

attachments on the gluteal surface of

the ilium the area behind the posterior

gluteal line gives origin to the gluteus

maximus muscle as you can see here this

is a posterior gluteal line and this is

a gluteus maximus muscle the area

between the posterior gluteal line and

the anterior gluteal line gives origin

to the gluteus medius muscle this one

the area between the anterior gluteal

line and the inferior gluteal line gives

origin to the gluteus minimus muscle

this one the area below the inferior

gluteal line gives origin to the

reflected head of the rectus femoris

muscle this one right here this is the

posterior deep view of the right lower

limb the muscle you see here is the

gluteus maximus this is the gluteus

medius and this is the gluteus minimus

this is the right hip joint the muscle

you see here is the reflected head of

the rectus femoris muscle the iliac

fossa gives origin to the iliacus muscle

in its upper two-thirds this is the

iliacus muscle the iliac tuberosity

gives attachment to the interosseous

sacroiliac ligament in its greater part

the dorsal sacroiliac ligament

posteriorly and the iliolumbar ligament

superiorly this is the iliolumbar

ligament the corn mix margin of the

auricular surface gives attachment to

the ventral sacroiliac ligament now let

us look at the attachments on the pelvic

surface this is the preauricular sulcus

it is larger in females as compared to

males it gives attachments to the lower

fibers of the ventral sacral iliac

ligament laterally through the

preauricular sulcus

there is origins of few fibers of the

piriformis muscle as I had mentioned

earlier the rest of the pelvic surface

gives origin to the upper half of the

obturator internus muscle

now let's learn about the next part of

the hip bone that is the pubis the pubis

forms the Anto inferior part of the hip

bone it also forms the anterior 1/5 of

the acetabulum it has three parts a body

anteriorly a superior ramus and an

inferior ramus so let's learn about the

body of the pubis the superior border is

called the crest of the pubis and its

lateral end there is a tubercle called

the pubic tubercle which is not

distinctly visible in this specimen of

the bone the body of the pubis has three

surfaces the pelvic surface or the

posterior surface menial surface or the

sinful surface the anterior surface or

the femoral surface the posterior or the

pelvic surface is directed backwards and

upwards it forms the anterior wall of

the true pelvis and it is also related

to the urinary bladder the medial or the

symphysis surface articulates with the

opposite pubis to form the pubic

symphysis the anterior or the femoral

surface is rough superomedial II and

smooth elsewhere now let's learn about

the superior ramus the superior ramus

extends from the body of the pubis to

the acetabulum about the obturator

foramen this is the superior ramus it

has three borders and three surfaces the

anterior border the superior border and

the inferior border and three surfaces

the bacterial surface the pelvic surface

and the obturator surface the superior

border is called the PEC tinea line or

the pecten pubis it extends from just

behind the pubic tubercle

the posterior part of the iliopubic

eminence that is right here from here to

here the anterior border is called the

obturator crest it extends from the

pubic tubercle to the establish this is

the anterior border the inferior border

is sharp and forms the upper margin of

the obturator foramen the bacterial

surface is a triangular area between the

anterior border and the superior border

it extends from the pubic tubercle to

the iliopubic eminence the pelvic

surface lies between the superior border

and the inferior border it is smooth and

continuous with pelvic surface of the

body of the pubis the obturator surface

lies between the anterior and the

inferior borders it presents the

obturator foramen now let's look at the

inferior ramus it extends from the body

of the pubis to the ramus of the ischium

medial to the obturator foramen it

unites with the ramus of the ischium to

form the conjoined issue pubic Rami

now let's learn about the attachments on

the pubis the pubic tubercle gives

attachment to the medial end of the

inguinal ligament and the ascending

loops of the Crow Master muscle the

tubercle is crossed by the spermatic

cord in males this is the inguinal

ligament and this is its medial end now

an easy way to remember the attachments

on the pubic tubercle is by the use of

the mnemonic ice I stands for the

inguinal ligament and the green color

represents its attachment while si e

stands for Crow Master muscle and red

color represents its origin the medial

part of the pubic crest is crossed by

the medial head of the rectus abdominus

while the lateral part of the pubic

crest gives origin to the lateral head

of the rectus abdominus and the pyramid

Dallas muscle the muscle you see here is

the rectus abdominus now an easy way to

remember this is where the use of the

mnemonic rap R stands for rectus

abdominus both the medial and the

lateral head which have origins and P

stands for pyramid alles which also has

an origin on the pubic crest now let's

learn about the attachments on the

anterior surface of the body of the

pubis it gives attachment to the

anterior pubic ligament medially it

gives origin to the adductor longus that

you see here in the angle formed between

the pubic crest and the pubic symphysis

it gives origin to the gracilis near the

margin of the pubic symphysis and on to

the inferior ramus lateral to the

gracilis is the origin of the adductor

brevis that you see here and then there

is the origin of the obturator externus

along the margin of the obturator

foramen this muscle you see here is the

adductor longus this muscle is the

adductor brevis

this is the restless muscle this is the

obturator externus muscle now an easy

way to remember the attachments on the

anterior surface of the body of the

pubis is by using the mnemonic Goa with

three e's g4 gracilis or for the origin

of operator externus a for the origin of

adductor longus air for the origin of

adductor brevis and a for the attachment

of the anterior pubic ligament the

posterior surface of the body of the

pubis gives origin to the levator Ani in

its middle part origin to the obturator

internus laterally and attachment to the

pubic prostatic or pube ova cycle ignant

medial to the origin of the levator Ani

this is the levator Ani muscle an easy

way to remember the attachments on the

posterior surface of the body of the

pubis is by the use of the mnemonic Pole

without an L B stands for the attachment

of the pubic prostatic up you have a

cycle ligament or stands for the origin

of obturator internus

and L stands for the origin of the

levator Ani muscle the PEC tinea line

gives attachment to the conjoined tendon

and its medial end the Lac inner

ligament in front of the conjoined

tendon that's right here it gives

attachment to the PEC tinea ligament of

Cooper just lateral to the attachment of

the conjoined tendon along the entire

length of the pack tinea line it gives

origin to the pectineus muscle which

arises from the entire length of the

line and finally it gives insertion to

the psoas minor when this present an

easy way to remember the attachments on

the pack Tinian line is the use of the

mnemonic clap with three P's C stands

for the attachment of the conjoined

tendon le stands for the attachment of

the lacunae ligament P stands for the

origin of pettiness

P stands for the attachment of the back

tinea ligament of Cooper and P stands

for the insertion of the psoas minor

most

the bacterial surface gives origin to

the pectineus muscle the pelvic surface

is crossed by the round ligament of

uterus in females and by the ductus

difference in males

now let's learn about the last part of

the hip bone that is the ischium the

ischium forms the postural inferior part

of the hip bone and the adjoining two

fifths of the acetabulum it forms the

posterior boundary of the obturator

foramen right here it has a body and a

ramus the body of the ischium is a thick

and massive massive bone that lies

beneath and behind the acetabulum it has

two ends the upper and the lower end

three borders the anterior border the

posterior border and the lateral border

and three surfaces the femoral surface

the pelvic surface and the dorsal

surface the upper end of the ischium

from supposed ro inferior two-fifths of

the acetabulum the ilium the ischium and

the pubis fused together at the

acetabulum the lower end of the ischium

forms the ischial tuberosity it gives

off the conjoined issue pubic Rami that

makes an acute angle with the body the

anterior border of the ischium from the

posterior margin of the obturator

foramen the posterior border of the

ischium is continuous with the posterior

border of the ilium here we can see the

greater sciatic notch and at the end of

the greater sciatic notch is the ischial

spine below the ischial spine we can see

a lesser sciatic notch this entire part

forms the posterior border of the

ischium the lateral border from the

lateral margin of the ischial tuberosity

except at its upper end where it is

rounded the femoral surface of the

ischium lies between the anterior border

and the lateral border the dorsal

surface of the ischium is continuous we

the gluteal surface of the ilium the

ischial tuberosity is divided into an

upper area and a lower area by a

transverse ridge the upper area is

further subdivided by an oblique Ridge

into a Supra lateral area and an infra

middle area the lower part is divided

into an inner area and an outer area by

a longitudinal Ridge the pelvic surface

of the ischium lies between the anterior

border and the posterior border it forms

the lateral wall of the true pelvis now

let's learn about the conjoined issue of

pubic Rami the inferior ramus of the

pubis joins with the Rama of the ischium

medial to the obturator foramen to form

the conjoined issue pubic Rami it has an

upper border and a lower border and two

surfaces the outer surface and the inner

surface the upper border forms part of

the margin of the obturator foramen the

lower border forms a part of the pubic

arch the inner surface is smooth and

convex and is divided into upper middle

and lower parts by two ridges the outer

surface is rough for the attachment of

the muscles

now let's learn about the attachments on

the ischium the ischial spine provides

attachment to the sacral spinous

ligament along its margin it gives

origin to the levator Ani muscle on its

pelvic surface the lesser sciatic notch

is occupied by the tendon of the

obturator internus there's a bursa deep

to the tendon it is lined by hyaline

cartilage the upper and lower margins of

the not give origin to the superior and

inferior gemelli respectively the

femoral surface of the ischium provides

origin to the obturator externus along

the margin of the obturator foramen

it also gives origin to the quadratus

femoris along the lateral border of the

upper part of the ischial tuberosity

that is right here now let's learn about

the attachments on the ischial

tuberosity the supra lateral area gives

origin to the semimembranosus muscle the

inflow medial area gives origin to the

semitendinosus and the long head of the

biceps femoris the outer lower area

gives origin to the adductor Magnus

muscle the inner lower area is covered

by fibrofatty tissue and a bursa that

supports the body weight in the sitting

position the sharp medial margin of the

ischial tuberosity gives attachment to

the sacrotuberous ligament the lateral

border of the ischial tuberosity gives

attachment to the issue of femoral

ligament just below the Isetta this is

the posterior view of the right lower

lip the muscle you see here is the

semimembranosus muscle this is the

semitendinosus muscle this is the biceps

femoris and this is the adductor Magnus

the greater part of the pelvic surface

of the ischium provides origin to the

obturator internus muscle now let's

learn about the attachments on the

conjoined issue pubic Rami

the upper border provides attachment to

the obturator membrane the lower border

provides attachment to the fascia Lata

and to the membranous layer of the

superficial fascia or collies fascia of

the perineum this is the fascia Lata

muscles taking origin from the outer

surface of the conjoined issue pubic

Rami include the obturator externus

muscle along the margin of the obturator

foramen the adductor brevis muscle that

takes origin chiefly from the pubic

ramus the gracilis muscle that

originates from the pubic ramus and the

adductor Magnus muscle that chiefly

originates from ischial ramus the

attachments on the inner surface of the

conjoined issue pubic Rami are the

origin of the obturator internus on the

upper area the origin of the deep

transverse perinea in the middle area

and the origin of the superficial

transverse Perini and the issue cabin is

muscle in the lower area I hope you

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