Every TV Screen Explained in 8 Minutes

CRT CRT [music] or cathode ray tube was

an old type of TV that many people used

for decades. Unlike TVs in our era that

look thin and lightweight, CRT TVs are

heavy and massive because they still

[music] use a big tube that emits

cathode rays to the screen to form the

images. And in terms of image quality,

CRT TVs looked blurry [music] and has

distorted colors by today's standards.

That's because the resolution of CRT

[music] was only 480i, which uses

interlaced scanning. While modern

resolution already uses progressive

scanning and just in [music] case you

don't know about interlaced or

progressive scanning in TV, progressive

means the TV can show a complete image

instantly. [music]

While interlaced means the TV needs to

create two halves of the image and then

[music] combine them in order to get the

full frame. This is why an image in a

CRT can look pale and might have some

kind of lines. [music] And not just

that, this interlaced scanning can also

make objects look blurry when there's a

sudden movement on the [music] screen.

Despite all that, at least people could

still watch some news, cartoons, and

retro movies. But over time, their heavy

size and low image quality made many

people move on to plasma TV. Plasma.

Plasma TV was the first [music] flat

screen TV that replaced CRT TVs in the

early 2000s. Unlike CRT TVs that were

big and heavy, plasma TVs were much

slimmer and lighter. This is because

plasma doesn't use a big tube [music]

like CRT, but instead uses millions of

tiny gas- fil cells behind the screen

that light up when they receive

electricity to produce the image. This

technology not only made plasma TVs

[music] thinner, but also delivered

better color contrast than CRT. And in

terms of resolution, most plasma TVs

already supported HD and [music] full HD

with progressive scanning. Because of

this, motion looked clearer and the

image felt much smoother overall. These

improvements made plasma [music] TVs

especially popular for watching movies,

sports, and playing console games at the

time. However, plasma TV consumed a lot

[music] of power, which caused them to

produce more heat. Over time, this heat

made plasma screens more prone to

[music] burn-in and image retention,

where a visible mark can appear if the

same image stays on the screen for too

long. LCD LCD, which stands for liquid

crystal display, [music] is the most

commonly used screen technology today.

Unlike a plasma TV that creates light by

itself, LCD TV uses a light source

behind the screen called a backlight. So

this backlight emits white light towards

the liquid crystal and the liquid

crystals will control how and which

[music] light can pass through and then

the light will hit the color filter,

thus forming an image on the screen.

With this technology, LCD TVs consume

[music] less power and produce less heat

compared to plasma TVs. And they are

also great for long viewing sessions

like watching news or TV shows for hours

because they [music] don't suffer from

burn-in. However, LCD TVs aren't that

good for watching movies because this

backlight technology often makes

everything too bright. [music] As a

result, the image can look less

realistic and less immersive compared to

plasma TVs. Also, when a scene shows

objects with similar colors, such as

clouds, smoke, [music] or the sky, LCD

TVs can make it harder to see the

details. And some [music] LCD variants

even have terrible viewing angles, too.

So, colors can look washed out or

distorted when viewed from the side.

LED. LED, which stands for light

emmitting diode, is actually still an

LCD TV. But the main difference is that

they replace the old fluorescent

backlight with smaller LED lights that

spread across the screen. This not only

makes LED TVs more energyefficient, but

also improves color and contrast

compared to LCD TVs, [music]

which makes it good enough for everyday

watching, like YouTube, Netflix, and TV

channels. LED TVs also come in different

variants, such as EdgeLED, which is

cheaper because the lights are only

placed around the edges, and direct LED,

which is more expensive [music]

because the lights cover the entire back

of the screen. In practice, having more

LEDs allows better contrast. [music] And

this difference becomes even more

noticeable when compared to regular LCD

TVs, especially in dark scenes. [music]

But actually, no matter which type it

is, dark scenes can't be perfectly black

on LED TVs, and [music] that's normal.

This happens because the shine from the

backlight can still spread into dark

areas. That's why miniLEDD was created

later. Miniledd. Miniledd is the

advanced version of the regular LED TV.

So unlike the regular version that only

uses hundreds of LEDs, miniLEDD

[clears throat]

TVs use thousands of much smaller LEDs

packed [music] behind the screen. This

allows miniLEDD TVs to dim and brighten

different parts of the screen more

accurately. As a result, when we see a

dark image, miniLEDD can show darker

blacks while also still keeping tiny

details like this charcoal [music]

visible. While on a regular LED TV, this

is much harder to see due to dark colors

getting washed out. Because of this

deeper black quality, miniLEDD TVs are

[music] great for watching movies in

dark rooms. And they're also great for

gaming since details and enemies in dark

[music] scenes are easier to spot while

bright effects still stand out. But

despite being this advanced, [music]

many LED TVs still have a weakness

called blooming. This is when light

spreads into nearby dark areas because

the [music] backlight behind the screen

still isn't precise enough to control

light properly in dark scenes. Another

weakness is [music] that in very bright

rooms or when sunlight hits the screen,

dark details can be harder to see. This

is why a brighter technology like QLED

exists. QLED. QLED, which stands for

quantum doledd, is also an [music]

advanced version of the LED TV. But

instead of using many tiny LEDs to

improve dark scenes like miniLEDD,

[music] QLED uses a technology called

quantum dots to make the image brighter

and colors more vibrant. Because of

this, QLED TVs look more eye-catching

and perform better in bright rooms or

daylight. This is especially useful if

your living room gets a lot of sunlight

or is more open and well lit. But

because QLED focuses on brightness and

color, its contrast and blacks aren't as

strong as miniLEDD. And since it still

uses backlight technology, blooming

[music] can still happen on QLED TV as

well. So, in the end, this shows that

even advanced LED TVs have limits, which

is why OLED exists. OLED. OLED, which

stands for organic light emmitting

diode, is a premium TV technology that

offers the highest level of image

quality. And despite having the word LED

in its name, OLED is actually very

[music] different and unrelated to any

kind of LED TV. Because OLED doesn't use

any backlight. Instead, it uses self-lit

pixels which can create their own light

and can completely turn off when it

[music] needs to show black. As a

result, dark areas look truly black

while colors stay bright and vivid even

in very dark scenes. As a simple

comparison, OLED and miniLEDD can look

similar in very dark scenes, but when a

bright object suddenly appears, miniLEDD

might show blooming, while OLED keeps

[music] bright and dark areas perfectly

separated. OLED also has a great motion

clarity. So, when objects move very

fast, the movement looks clear on OLED

because the [music] pixels respond

almost instantly. This makes it great

not only for streaming and cinematic

content, but also for high-end gaming.

But of course, with all those premium

features, OLED also becomes more [music]

expensive compared to other types of

TVs. And because OLED uses organic

materials, there's a risk of image

retention or burn-in over long-term use.

MicroLED. [music]

MicroLEDD is a luxury TV screen

technology that's mainly used for very

large and high-end displays. [music]

Instead of using a backlight or organic

pixels, microLEDD uses millions of

microscopic LEDs where each tiny LED

acts as its own [music] pixel and

produces its own light. Or in other

words, microLEDD basically combines the

strengths of both LED and OLED

technologies. [music] This means it can

get extremely bright like LED TVs and

have perfect contrast like OLED, but

without [music] the blooming issues of

LED or the burn-in risk of OLED.

However, despite all these strengths,

microLEDD TVs are still extremely

massive [music] and expensive. Because

of this, they are mostly only seen in

showrooms and demos, and they're

definitely overkill for normal use, like

watching [music] movies or gaming. So,

in real life, having microLEDD or not

doesn't really matter anyway. What

matters more is the resolution of your

screen because [music] that's what

determines how clear and sharp the image

actually looks. Anyway, I already made

some other cool videos, too, so don't

forget to watch them later, okay?