IELTS Full Course - 2025
FULL TRANSCRIPT
This is our ISS updated full course 2025
which will last for more than 7 hours.
You guys enjoyed the previous video and
gave millions of views to that and I'm
expecting the same from this video
because this has lot of knowledge using
this video and our website mentioned
below. You can easily correct IELS. If
you have doubts you can call our number.
So stay tuned and let's crackles. Why
IS? So when it comes to studying ISS we
have some prerequisites of ISS as well.
So please pay attention you can start
taking notes and today going to be a lot
of note takingaking process right. So
first of all let's understand the
prerequisites why is and all those
questions and there are only two
prerequisites that we need to
understand. We don't need any prior
information about ISS for these
sessions. So two things which are
important for us. Number one
understanding the reason for ISS why do
we need to you know study ISS and what
are reason most people do it for getting
a score or because some of their family
members or their partner or you know
boyfriend girlfriend force them or told
them why don't you try this why don't
you try that you know for me or for
yourself when you do this for all of
these reason it is really wrong you
won't be getting that motivation to do
it then why are you setting preparing
isles for well for emotions indirect
directly but directly or abroad. Now
think about it. If there was no going
abroad would you write ISS?
No. So I abroad going abroad is the most
important question. Not why I is why
going abroad. So I have go I have been
um to Germany and Sweden. I lived there
for some time. I worked there. I studied
there. So my journey will definitely
help you guys. there's a different story
why I came back and all. I'll definitely
help you out if I can for free. Of
course, there's no charge for that. What
you can learn from my journey, how you
can also earn from there, work from
work, work over there and study. But
question arises, why abroad? There are
five possible reasons for that. Number
one is changing your surrounding. Okay,
what do you mean change of surrounding?
I'm not saying you hate your city or
anything. I'm just saying that you want
to live in a new place. You want to try
a new place. The first is changing your
surrounding. Second is family. Your
family is living abroad. There are many
cases family, partner, someone is living
abroad. So they want to go there
basically to live with them. Right?
Third one is to study. How they want to
see how academic you know uh excellence
can be achieved or how uh seminars or
sessions or even full courses are
conducted abroad such as countries
Canada, Australia, New Zealand, India.
Uh I mean not India sorry you are
already in India most most of you I I
hope USA we have multiple countries
there are eight English speaking
countries and then we have even Germany
European countries right then we have
traveling people who just want to go
there enjoy and look at places you know
kind of tourist vibes and finally money
so this can be considered as work
professional people right you can call
them skilled professionals or skilled
workers right so these are the five
reasons I'm not saying money is bad it's
just if to do it properly legally in a
way. So we have five possible reasons of
going abroad. Let me just number them. 1
2 3 4 5. What are your numbers? It can
be one, it can be five of them, it can
be three, it can be two, any of them. If
I would have if I would have answered
this question, I would always answer 1
135. Right? I I would answer this way.
I'm just saying. Okay? But three and
five, three or four and five would make
sense. I mean, it's your personal
choice, right? What? What? Why am I
saying that? Now you know why you're
going abroad. First of all, I mean you
knew that you're just declaring it.
Number two, is I think some of you have
basic idea that in ISS we have band
structure. The lowest band you can get
is one and the highest band you can get
is 9.5.
You get 0.5 increment.
So what is your desired score?
Second question I have is what is your
desired score? Now the meaning of
desired in the sense not what your
college demands not what your you know
company demands what do you really need
this is going to be your first task now
every day we're going to get tasks okay
remember that every day we're going to
get task and what is your first task
I'll tell you one thing write it down
please you will need it for later take
an A4 sheet okay let me just clear it
all up take an A4 sheet
and on the top right what is your
desired score let's say 8.5 and below So
write the reason why you're going
abroad. For example, most of you said
three or five or three. So let me write
here.
This is an A4 sheet. Remember that.
Okay. The one which you use for
printing. So something like this looks
like this. Of course, right? You take
this sheet, write it down these huge
letters and stick it wherever you are
seen in your house. For example, I like
my studio and I like kitchen because I
like cooking, right? So I would stick it
two different places. is I can make two
copies. Why do we need this? We need a
tick. We need a poking, you know, thing
that keeps telling us we need to study.
We need to get this. We need to get this
for this.
Every day you're going to get tasks.
Okay, this is the the most basic task
you're getting. You know, with time you
will get it. The tasks are not that
easy. You will have to complete tasks
such as complete these questions,
complete this task. This is the basic
task, the first task. Please do this.
It'll help you a lot. Right? first task.
Second one, okay, we need to see the
second one which is important. Why do we
need to be consistent? But what is the
meaning of consistent? So if I say I
have to be consistent in in studying,
what is the meaning of consistency or
being consistent? Being regular is good.
It's important. One of the part of the
consistency, the most important part
being regular and having the same
energy. There are two E in consistency
when you say think about it. Remember
you want to remember energy and
enthusiasm both of them have have to be
there. Think about a situation where you
did not eat for 2 days. Let's say you
could eat only a little bit because you
are in hurry and adventure no picnic.
You come back and take a class. Will you
be studying properly? No. No energy.
You don't like the subject you're
studying. No enthusiasm.
Done. So consistency consists of two
words which is I said energy and
enthusiasm and these words now are the
same. So the this is something called
easy versus simple. If we understand
both of these words you understand
consistency better. How
these two words look same but they're
not same. So simple means less number of
steps. That's it. And easy is relative.
What is the meaning of relative? Let's
say I know how to swim. Somebody do not.
Or I know how to drive somebody do not I
don't know how to let's say run properly
somebody can for them winning a race is
easy for me driving is easy every person
has a different way of saying this is
easy for me for some people it's not
simple are just less number of steps
might be easy might not be easy doesn't
matter
right less number of steps in doing so
for example drinking your coffee just
take the bug and magic it's simple right
basically simple
When you think about it, everything is
simple. How? There are only s two steps
to get a good score. Just two steps. If
you want to get an IS GRE, PTE, TOEFL,
let's say any any other exam, okay? Your
college exam or anything, you just need
to find the reliable information and
practice. Isn't it? So, you thought Sam
will be fine for reliable information.
He will teach as well. and if I practice
with the material he'll provide me, I'll
get a grade score. That's what you
thought in your 12th grade. You thought
school will provide us reliable
information and I'll practice from the
books. This is what you thought, right?
Okay. Was your 10th and 12th easy?
I think you can relate relate with this,
right? Because this this is where we are
forced the most. We have the most
highest stress. You can say it wasn't
easy because on day one or you can say
even day month day um sorry month one
you were all enthusiastic and energy was
high. Oh my god this is 10th I'm going
to do it great I'm going to get 98% 99%.
And by the time it it has gone for some
time like ah it's okay it's difficult
leave it it's boring. So energy went
down, little bit down and it was not
your fault either, right? Why? Because
nobody told you how to make it easy, fun
and exciting because nobody told you how
to study. They keep telling you study,
keep doing, come on, you can study for 4
hours, 5 hours, 3 hours. That's just
wrong. That's just boring, right? So we
have a nice fun and exciting method in
order to, you know, get it done, get it
started with IELS. you will see that
it's it's really fun and that's called
pomodoro technique. So pomodoro has to
do with the timing basically time
related study but why is it about time.
So what happened is there was an
experiment done long ago and it was in
probably 190
or something 2001 something like that
when they checked the human span
concentration span it was 59 minutes
humans could concentrate for that you
know why it was this high back then
there were no phones
now when I press enter I cannot wait for
3 seconds oh my god my internet is slow
I need to call my internet service
provider why is it so slow earlier
people fine with slow so they could
concentrate longer. Do you know what's
the concentration spend now? It has gone
down and I believe within five more
years it'll be in minutes again like 5
minutes 6 minutes because everyone is
watching shorts these days re these days
all of them right they want the content
as quickly as possible so pomodoro
technique says that because we all have
become like this we need to study
quickly as well so they say that don't
study for 2 hours study only 25 minutes
then take a break of five minutes
25 minutes study 5 minutes break That's
sorry multiply it by two. So 25 minutes
study and then again 5 minutes break.
When you add this this is 50 minutes of
study. That's it. Do you have this much
time every day?
I hope all of you because every
homework, every task I provide you will
not exceed this time.
And I guarantee you, I promise you, if
you attend every class, if you honestly
continue with this session, these
sessions every day 2 hours, don't miss a
single day and pay attention. 50 minutes
of maximum homework, 15 minutes,
sometime only 10 minutes, sometime 20
minutes, sometime 40 minutes, maximum 50
minutes. Within a month, you'll be ready
with your desired score. If somewhere in
between you're like, "Oh, it's okay.
I'll do the homework tomorrow, day after
tomorrow, and then day after tomorrow,
you know, pile up. what what will you do
on that day? Ah, it's okay. I'll do it
next week. And by the time it's it's
gone. It's gone. So when there is uh
there is a break in between, there's a
ripple, you know, created and it goes
for a long way. So never do this. Okay?
Never do this. Where whenever you think
okay it's time let's complete the
homework. It should be today. It
shouldn't be tomorrow. Right? If you do
this, trust me, you will easily get the
desired score. Right? How do I know this
works? I have conditions placed there
for your studies plus your free time.
Okay, first of all, this is for your
both your studies and free time of 25
minutes. No smartphones. If you have any
smartphone, then if it is necessary,
then no internet. If internet is
necessary for your studies, then no
social media. This is the culprit, not
the smartphones. They're just devices.
They cannot do anything by themselves,
right? Social media, you know, really
wastes a lot of time. So, please don't
do that. Otherwise in break if you start
using social media you feel that I'm
taking a 5 minutes break but the break
will go on for 2 hours you won't even
realize that right second please move in
between 25 minute session 25 minutes
session break in that break please move
and then 25 minute session um so why
this movement remember in your childhood
when you were in school or college even
you know when we were oh we were in
youth we used to move our leg a lot
sometime like no
uh and and we used to get shouted upon
as well about that right shouted at as
well you know like why are you doing
this why are you moving your leg
actually that was not a mistake it was a
body's call to increase your blood
pressure
remember that when you sit for suddenly
at at your chair you won't move your leg
after 10 minutes you start moving your
leg because your blood pressure by
sitting at one place is going down when
it is going down your brain is telling
you do something so that your blood
pressure goes up you know you you focus
more so you move your leg you move your
hand or do something like some gesture
that's why I say movement is must have a
walk in those five minutes in between so
that your concentration stays high okay
last but not the le least because 70% of
your brain is water or liquid format so
we need to have something to drink you
will see always I will water tea or
coffee with me so these are my favorite
I mean you can choose your favorite uh
and uh you know hydrate yourself so that
you can function better. When you do
this in your five minutes break this is
the the remaining or the next 25 minutes
will be not be feeling you know won't be
feeling drained or you won't be feeling
down you'll be feeling exactly same
confidence or concentrated right so
please do this with pomodoro technique
this will definitely work and I tried
and tested this using some Android apps
and and Apple apps I mean uh iPhone apps
I have um allow I have provided the link
in you in Google drive. The link for
that drive will be sent to you after the
class is over, right? And when I tested
this to learn German, it was crazy. It
it took me honestly very little time to
learn German because I used this. I used
to take four such sessions, 25 minutes,
25 minutes per day. And within a total
of 8.5 months, I got B2 level,
which is really good. So A1, A2, B1, B2.
It's kind of a fluency level that you
can speak. Think I can speak in German
to you guys. So initial first level
without pomodoro took me 4 months. Can
you imagine? I I didn't know about
pomodoro. After a2 I started
understanding about pomodoro and these
three levels only took 4.5 months. They
are difficult actually but still they
took less because I could study for a
very short time and enjoy it at the same
time. So please use these uh these
tricks you can say these uh have these
strategies about only studying for a
very short time rather than long time. I
is descriptors.
>> But let's say there's a question I ask
you right now, right? The uh traditional
newspapers are going to be repl they're
going to be replaced with ebooks and
all, right? Do you agree with that idea?
You will have some ideas as well in your
mind. Why will they be replaced? Because
everyone is using phone these days.
Papers are accessibility. Yes, papers
are um actually made of trees. So they
are not good for environment XY Z
reasons. Right. Nice. You think all of
you have almost same reasons. Do you
think all of you will get same score? So
we have uh in ISEL it's called
descriptors.
Your score descriptor. How can they
describe your score based on what you
have written? They have set descriptors.
There are total four descriptors and
they cover everything you have written.
If you follow the descriptors basically
your 50% of your task is done in
writing. If your English is amazing and
then you don't follow the descriptors,
you might get five ends of 4.5 or six
maximum.
They're that important, you know,
because they the question paper is
created by them and the and the you can
say rules belong to them. We cannot
change the rules here. My grammar is
good but my answers are really bad. I'm
I'm writing something else. No chance of
getting good score. So basically what do
we have? We have to find what are those
four descriptors based on which we can
get best score. So there are total four
descriptors for both writing and
speaking and some of them are same. So
we'll start with the same one right the
first one which is same for all
descriptors are the way they check your
paper and they have officially declared
these are the descriptors. Of course we
have to study them right. So what what
are those descriptors? The first one is
called lexical resources.
If you don't know the meaning of it, let
me just write down vocabulary. First
one, vocabulary.
Sorry, I'm I'm going to erase this so
that we can keep in mind what is lexical
resource. Fine. How many of you feel
your your vocabulary or word knowledge
is weak? I mean, you're weak in that.
Today, we'll prove it. It's not the
vocabulary problem. But to prove it, I
have to explain it to you why it's not
the problem. You will see that. Okay.
Lexical resource is not just about
vocabulary. The definition of lexical
resources, how you represent your uh
ideas in the form of sentences using
words that's called lexical resources.
How do you use words basically in order
to u talk about your ideas or write your
ideas. So both for writing and speaking
lexical resources exactly appropriate
words you can say that. Now there are
three different parts in there as well.
Please start taking note. This is going
to be very important for everyone. If
you feel it's weak, you can enhance your
vocabulary from today itself. I'll give
you amazing ideas as well as data. If
you feel after this, no, my vocabulary
is good. You don't need to worry about
that. Okay. The first one is called the
quality of the words we use.
Fine. And how do we determine the
quality? So, we have three different
qualities E, M, and D. Let's call them
this. Easy, medium, and difficult.
easy, medium and difficult. So if I if I
say a word out loud, you write in the
chat. If it is E, that means easy. If it
is M, that means medium. D is difficult.
So if I say
let's say drawing, what do you think?
Easy, medium or difficult?
coffee
basic
fundamental.
Um, jeopardize
horrific,
clusterize.
When you chose E, M, and D. Okay. Based
on what factor did you choose that?
based on how many times you heard that
word, the frequency with which you use
these words and spellings, if you know
them. Yes. Good. Do you think that can
be considered a universal rule that if
you know that it's easy, if you don't
it's difficult?
No. There is no this cannot be
considered a rule that if you know it
then becomes easy otherwise the word can
be determined as difficult for you. It
might be but universally it cannot be
considered a rule and that's what our
problem is because we have heard some
amazing words we feel ah it's easy I
don't think I can use this word in ISS
but actually we have amazing vocabulary
we don't know that now I'll prove it to
you why some of the words which you use
every day is they're amazing right
so what happens is in ISS we get bands
right in ISS we get bands but in English
we don't have bands officially English
is a European language. So if you search
uh Sephur versus I is English is a
European language and every European
language has to go through this sephur
to be determined if it is you know um
basically A1 A2 B1 B2 they have levels
actually rather than band score. So if I
show you look at this one. So we have
these A1, A2, B1, B2 and C1, C2. And
Sephur is common European framework of
reference for languages. That's a full
definition or full form. And uh you can
say there are three three categories.
You can call them easy, medium or
difficult or basic users or independent
user and proficient users. Right? Your
band score is based on this itself.
Right? So 4 to five bands is for B1. Uh
above 5 5.5 till 6.5 B2 7 till 8 is C1
and 8.5 and 9 both are considered in C2.
Right?
Why am I telling you all this? There is
no word meaning there is no quality
determined here. every word is provided
this particular
title A1 A2 B1 B2 C1 C2 officially right
we just don't see it because we were not
shown that ever if you look at uh
dictionaries such as Cambridge
dictionary or Oxford dictionary they
will have such words so if I search here
the word basic
uh in in uh your Cambridge dictionary
right you will see that that we have um
we have something called the level of
the word. Let me let me share my
display. And uh one second you can see
the level of the word basic. What is the
level of the word basic? Here
you can all see it. Now
I use this word P1.
Basic all of you say it's easy. Good.
Now the meaning of the word basic is
fundamental and you call it easy. What
is the level? C2
isn't this nine band worthy yes it is so
if I write a sentence or if I speak a
sentence the basic issues with the
current time are instead of that if I
say the the fundamental problems or
fundamental issues or obstacles right
now people are people facing are now you
automatically you are in the C2 level
that means either 8.5 or 9 band
right so that means we have those words.
It's just we feel oh my god I if I don't
know that word I have to get that one.
This is how humans work. If you don't
have it that looks amazing. If you have
it you're like ah it's useless. You can
try it's of no use right? This is how it
works with everything. We have foro we
have every every you know psychological
concept works on this. If you don't have
it it's bad. If you I mean if you have
it it's bad. If you don't have it it's
great.
So we don't want that in isles. We want
to understand if we have it or not. And
most of you have quality. If you don't
have, we have to do one thing. There is
a list I have created for B2, C1 and C2.
400 words each. These 400 words I
collected after reading almost 3 months.
Honestly, I read three months essays and
articles from Cambridge dictionary and
sorry Cambridge website. So I read uh
reports, I read letters, I read essays
not just from here but from ETSs as
well. ETS uh is the creator of GRE and
TOEFL and I found out these 1200 words
were repeated the high quality words of
B2, C1 and C2. So what did I do? I
collected them and um created a PDF so
that you can have it in your Google
Drive. There's something called
must-have words for ISS. Now if you
think about a sentence you cannot use
every word of C2 level. Think about a
sentence
right any sentence you think there has
to be word is are am this these are not
C2 level words right no we cannot but
wherever we can change right for example
I like this teaching style
well the we can say instead of teaching
style pedagogy now it has become really
higher level but I like I cannot change
like can be changed a bit but pedagogy
can change. So certain things we cannot
change and that's why there is a there
is a file available in your Google drive
called must have words for I iss folder
actually not not file and you will be
able to see it over here must have words
for ISEL there are total 1200 words 400
each level and you'll be able to
download them if you want to or you can
let them be here right 1200 words
available in your Google drive now what
to do with those words just words will
not do anything there's an excel sheet
also available to you. How will it look
like and why do we need that? Take that
Excel sheet. Let me just zoom in a bit
and paste all the words that you have in
the 1200 words first. Paste all of them
here. You know it's easy to copy paste
very simple in this. First of all, you
have to download the sheet. You cannot
paste it in drive. First you paste all
the words 1200 words. Then you start
doing this yes and no thing. Do I know
this word? Yes. Can I use this word?
Yes. Can I pronounce the word? Yes. If
everywhere it's yes, just select it and
delete removed.
Right? And if there anywhere there is no
either knowing the word or using it or
pronouncing it, keep it there. Now you
have your own list ready.
Out of the 1200 words, you have your own
list ready of around I don't know 600,
500, 800, I have no idea. Whatever list
you want to create for yourself, you
can.
Right? So, this list can be will
definitely reduce from 1200 to around
500 to 600.
At least first we have a list of higher
quality words.
What about the lowquality words? Well,
lowquality words have no issues, right?
We do use them, but there is a tiny
problem with lowquality words as well.
We rarely use highquality words in our
sentences. We do. But lowquality words
we have a problem and that problem is
synonyms.
Most of the words that we use are low
quality around you know uh B1 or maybe
A2 but we need to find as many synonyms
for those words as possible. So I what
I've done is I'll taken some basic words
easy words and I've created synonyms for
them and I created a PDF again for you.
So this is the this is the list of most
commonly used words every day. For
example, to praise someone, to give
order, to belittle and everything and
beginner, happy, sad. So take the word
happy. Look at this. two pages worth p
words.
Vital, jaunty, uh ludicrous, vasious,
cheerful, content, joyful, jealous, uh
spirited, perky, uh blissful, um merry
and um peaceful, right? Jolly so many
words I think we we don't even use them,
right? So there's so many words we have
which can be used not exactly
everywhere. For example, blessed can be
used in certain situation. But instead
of happy, we can. So you will get this
list and you can download all the basic
words where we need synonyms. I'll be
keep I I'll keep adding new words anyway
later. But for now, these will be
enough. Right? So second problem can be
solved with the list itself. Everyday
problem of synonym. But yes, we do need
synonyms for sure. Right? Third problem
is the biggest problem. Appropriateness.
Let's say I know synonyms. Let's say I
know high quality words but I don't know
where to use them. There's a word called
catastrophe. Some people do know where
to use it, some people don't do not. And
consequences let's say it's a good word,
high quality word. But if I use it, if I
don't know the use and I use it
somewhere, you'll get more problems
actually than if you don't use it
because now they know you don't know
this word properly.
Right? So you get harm more harm than
than not using it. Appropriateness is
the usage of the word in a sentence and
this can be solved three different ways.
Initial two solutions for finding a good
usage of your word is free.
The last one is not free but there are
three. First one is called using flash
cards.
So flash card is a way to check your
knowledge about a sentence plus a word.
Say but what do we do? So you know you
know in your childhood we used to write
on one side a word on the back side the
meaning of it. So we used to check oh if
I know the meaning same way we have a
flash card but because we cannot just
you know keep cutting the pages and
everything we have a software as well as
data called Anki.
Some of you might not know about this
but this is an amazing software called
Anki and uh it's available everywhere
except for iPhones. It's free
everywhere. iPhone it's it's paid. It's
like $50 or something. So, click on
download. Go to Windows, Mac or Linux or
iPhone or Android, whichever you want to
own. And development also free
everywhere. But but but uh iPhone is not
free. Android is free. So do one thing
download this software and what will it
do? It will give you word and sentences.
I'll provide you where you can download
also those sentences as well. It's just
empty initially and you'll be able to
practice sentences as well as uh words
as well as phrases connected to ISS from
this particular ank. So how will it look
like? I'll show you. And the best part
is it has some intelligence in there.
Some intelligence. Okay. How
uh for example there's a word
um let me just show you something. Okay.
Let me share. Okay. So there's a word
called marcher
and the meaning they have mentioned to
walk. This is French and they have
converted to English. In the same way we
have on one page you will have a word
for example to walk and the back side
you will have the meaning of it plus
sentence. Right now you have an option
of making it into easy good or again
that means you can select I feel this
word is easy they'll never repeat for 4
days. If I click on again if I feel the
word is difficult I don't know the
sentence it will repeat after 1 minute.
So the the software remembers that this
word is difficult for you and you will
have around 300 3,000 to 4,000 words and
sentences to practice. So this is free
of freely available. I'll show you where
to get it completely free. Right. Second
one is called Taba.
Taba is a collection the world's biggest
collection of sentences.
So if you go to um your your favorite
browser and just search the word Taba,
you will get this website called
ttoaba.org or and it's one of my
favorite websites for connecting
sentences. For example, if I write here
the word collection recently I searched
about it and collect look at this one
you get so many sentences with the word
collect not just collection collect
collects collection everything
collective as well and initially you get
short sentences just in case I don't
know this word I get short sentences
with audio sometime and these audios are
not by computer by um native speakers
they provide the sentence only they have
the rights and then you go down and go
to the 100th page you will get such
length 90 sentences you can see that
right? So if you go 98 you can see every
uh sentence is much much better compared
to the the previous page. So if you want
to collect more sentences or practice
more sentence you can use start a as
well but the last one is kind of
combination of everything we call it
learn with salmon dash. What do we do in
that most of your premium? So for
premium we have an English course which
is completely free where we combine
multiple topics 1200 words plus your
synonyms plus flashcards and tto aa all
of them plus on the top of that seven
types of you know practices and
exercises they all are combined learn
with sinache website you can practice
from either tauaa or anki or you know
practice from there if you want to
upgrade it you can also upgrade it it's
up to you we don't mind it but for that
you have to write an email the team will
tell you how to upgrade it. So what will
we do in uh in this website? In this
website you can see that you can uh you
can see that what will be the the uh the
data words, sentences, conversation,
grammar, article, stories and exercises
and the words which we have there 1200
words are used here in order to do like
this. So word meaning and then sentence
word meaning and sentence everything
covered here.
Right? So this website will have this
data. You can download it. You can
practice from the website. It's up to
you.
Right? So your English will definitely
enhance if you use this website. If you
are not member, write an email. If you
want to upgrade it, if you don't want to
upgrade it, you can go with flashcard
and data. You'll be fine, right? It just
it'll take a little bit more time.
That's it. Nothing else. So the first
one is definitely lexical resources. And
I I believe all of you understood that.
The second one is an abbreviation G gr.
This is same for both writing and
speaking both. But GR stands for let me
just write it here. Grammatical range
and
accuracy.
G R A. So why didn't they write it
grammar? Why it like this grammatical
range and accuracy? We need to
understand that in in depth for both
writing and speaking. So if I write a
sentence just tell me if it is correct
or not. Okay.
There is many boxes on the uh table. Is
this correct?
I believe no. No it cannot be correct.
Right. Basically it's not. There are
exactly generally right. So let's just
take the sentence and now we can uh
correct it a bit and just change this
part of R here. Now it is accurate. So
the first thing to check in your grammar
is the accuracy. This is accurate. This
is inaccurate. You get zero marks for
the previous one. But still it is not
complete. This is very weak sentence.
The range is low. So we can increase the
range by doing one thing by first of all
making it accurate
and enhancing the range. But I like the
one on the chair.
Now the range is also high. It is
accurate as well. Both are done. You get
good marks for grammar.
So they check both. First of all your
accuracy. Second your range. Both they
check. If any of So first they always
check accuracy. If accuracy is zero, why
would they go with range either? Right?
But if you notice that I've just used
word but and I created a a nice
sentence. This is called a compound
sentence.
Is this the only type of sentence that
we use? No. We have other types as well,
other rules as well. So there are total
seven rules which are really important
in your grammar. So let's just write
them here. Grammar concepts which are
must for you to go through. And what are
those concepts? Let's start with the
first one. First are the tenses that we
have. We hate them but they are there.
Total 12 tenses right important concept.
Then we have something called parts of
speech.
Parts of speech are total eight. I think
some of you remember them by the word
called noun, pronoun, adjective, verb,
adverb. There are total eight. I think
all of you remember them. Noun, pronoun
and verb and adjective. All of them.
Right?
Then we have something called um types
of sentences
and there are total four types of
sentences. Let me write here types of
sentences.
There total four types. We have simple,
complex, compound and complex compound
combination. Right? Then we have active
passive voice.
Oh, active passive voice. Direct
indirect speech.
Let me write them all here. And there
are total two as you can see on the from
the name itself here total two. Then we
have something really important called
collocation. And collocation there are
total six types of collocation.
Collocation is when we combine certain
words and they make sense but the
synonyms won't make sense at all. For
example, we have the word uh fast food.
Now fast food is making sense and also
correct. And if I change fast to quick
that cannot that cannot be true, right?
Quick food does not make sense. So
certain places we cannot use synonyms,
right? So but if I change the food to
meal, it makes sense. Not the same
meaning, but it makes sense. Quick meal.
Yes, it can be. So this this is called
collocation. What goes together? What
doesn't? That's there are total six
types. Noun, noun, noun, verb, noun,
adjective, something like that. And
finally, we have um phrases. All type of
phrases, verb phrases, and you know,
adverbial phrases and all type of
phrases. There's no set number for that.
So if you understand all these seven
concepts you know which you see
on your display your your grammar is
done. I'm not going to teach grammar
here trust me. So you have to go through
all the concepts by yourself. But if you
again premium members we have a 53
minutes video available which I'll
provide you in your uh separate folder
called premium folder. You'll get only
material for premium. All the concepts
are explained within 53 minutes.
everyday watch only or understand only
one concept right per day and then
things will be um pretty clear to you.
You will be able to understand
everything. But if you don't want uh
premium or if you don't have premium you
can search about this
separately and that will be enough.
Right? Seven concepts done everything is
over. Grammar can be covered in these
concepts. It's very simple. There's no
such hectic stuff such as we had in in
our words or you can say lexical
resources. Right? This was the second
one. Now we have the third one. Third is
a bit um
issoriented or something new in that you
see not in other things that we see. So
we have a separation here writing and
speaking two different types. The first
one that we have is in writing is called
coherence.
coherence and we have
coherence and then we have something
called cohesion as well. Okay, coherence
plus cohesion you can say you can write
here and but in speaking we don't have
same we do have coherence and we have
something called fluency. There are two
different things here. Why do we have
such separation? Because we don't write
in we don't uh speak in paragraphs. We
speak randomly but we write in
paragraphs. So we have to have something
different. Right? Now the word coherence
is
when our data or the material or
argument whatever it is it makes sense.
That means it's logical
plus it is connected.
Connected in the sense even if you want
to change the topic it should be
connected topic. For example I I could
talk about rocket science or dinosaurs
but I have to take you to that topic
eventually and slowly. Suddenly we start
talking about um uh dinosaurs and it
won't make sense to you. So it won't be
logical. It won't be connected. So our
data whatever we are writing
should make sense. You cannot just jump
to any data suddenly in writing or
speaking. That's that's why we have both
places coherence. It should be
connected. It should make sense. And yes
when when we have we are writing answers
in in coming sessions you will
understand corance in more detail
basically more details right. But
cohesion is something a little bit
different. So cohesion is the
stickiness. Stickiness in the sense how
some concepts um make sense together.
That is generally with the paragraphs.
For example, this paragraph is talking
about positive side of one thing. This
is negative side. This is also negative
side. Then what do we do? We start this
paragraph normally.
We write negative sentence here or
negative part which is something let's
say however or in contrast to show
contrast. So this connectivity is called
cohesion or stickiness right but they
both are ideas about some topic one
topic but they are opposite ideas about
one topic so that topic has to be here
this is called cohesion so cohesion is
when let me just make it clear to you
okay what is coherence and cohesion
because I don't want you to go with a
doubt
coherence
is connected
plus logical I I'll tell you a nice uh
example that to to make sense. Okay.
Fine.
So what if I want to talk about a forest
which contains snake, spiders and other
animals and if you go there you might
not survive. Okay. So we have the word
forest,
we have snakes,
we have uh spiders
and then we have survival. Okay. I
cannot suddenly write that snakes
spiders are there you won't survive in a
forest. No, we can start with uh last
week I read about uh the most dangerous
forest. It is probably in South America.
It can it has lot of poisonous snakes
and uh not just them we also have the
most uh dangerous spiders and some of
them are in the category of tarantulas.
If a person goes there try living with
these animals they won't survive at all.
You see there these are connected using
what? using ideas. They're connected
ideas and I connect with them with the
sentences. I didn't use extra words to
connect with them in between. They are
ideas connected. But what about
cohesion? Cohesion is if I use extra
words to make sense. For example,
she is uh weak. Okay. She will win.
Fine. Now if you look at this one can I
can I connect them using anything any
other one word one word or two words
whatever you want to connect with we can
>> exactly but I can use though initially
although I can use as well. So what are
we doing here we are not creating a
logic or sense we are connecting with
them with this sticky word called but or
though or although right this is what we
call cohesion the stickiness. This is
what the ideas are. Then what is
fluency? Can anyone define fluency? I
have great words. I have great
sentences. No grammatical errors. My
grammar is fine. Right? Everything is
fine. I have exposure to the language,
to the culture and everything. But what
if I start speaking way too fast?
Will that be considered fluent?
My speech?
No.
Even if everything is fine, if my pace
is higher than what is required,
then I won't be considered fluent
because people cannot understand me.
That's it. If people cannot understand
me, that means my fluency is gone. But
because what what is happening uh
because we are humans we can you know
understand that if you record on
computers and try to convert your text
your your audio into text if you take
too many pauses automatically they will
say that I don't understand it please
start again
right so basically if a person enjoys at
the same time understands your language
that is what we call fluency and now
there are multiple factors no
interruption effortlessly and no um no
let's fumbling or you have pace as well
included in that everything includes in
fluency. We don't need to go in depth
but understanding is the most important
part right but how do we enhance it?
This is what fluency is but how do we
enhance our fluency? Fluency can only be
enhanced by one thing practicing with a
partner. If somebody tells you just
reading a book will help no reading a
book will be a catalyst not the main
material. Fluency can only be you know
achieved by helping with a partner with
talking with a partner and you can find
partner in three different places. Okay.
The first place is at your home in your
surrounding let's say your friends
family partner uh siblings you have your
parents your your relatives who whoever
so your neighbor ask them every day 10
minutes can we have have a talk every
day in English if they are fine with
that best the best because you can meet
them second one we will create a group
of all of you right where you can um ask
each other can you guys can we discuss
uh every day some topic Guys, can we uh
do a group practice? Can we do
one-on-one practice with each other? You
can have such partner, right? Number
three,
there's a website to meet native
speakers for free. Okay, native speakers
can help you and you can help native
speakers and I had around 10 to 15
friends like this online and they are
there only to learn languages. There's a
website you there you go. So I'm going
to share here the link conversation
exchange. Here what do we do? We first
of all create a profile called sign up.
Once we sign up we do we click on
search. Once we click on search you can
see here you have to describe the person
you want to meet
right or you want to speak. So we are
looking for a person who can of course
uh speak in English because we are
looking for uh not espiranto English.
And what is that person learning your
native language? For example, let's say
my native language is Hindi, Punjabi,
Gujarati or whatever it is. So I click
on that or Udu, whatever it is, Hebrew.
Let's say click on Hindi for now. And
which country are they from? Which town,
which province, wherever you want to go
with it. Let's say I write Canada here.
I mean in the country. And I can select
that only people from Canada will appear
in the result. I want to meet them face
to face or I want to just write them or
I want to use Skype, chat, any any chat
message. You can select here.
age, gender, everything you can select
and click on search and you will see
there are people uh from let's say Egypt
teaching English let's say or they want
to learn these many languages but they
are going with English
uh another person from Egypt there's a
there's a lady from Japan there's a man
from Egypt there's um UK there is Italy
there is Croatia there is uh Spain so
every place Canada we have we have
France so basically
You will find people and they have no
know thumbs up or thumbs down. That
means these people are really good and
helpful. So you get thumbs up and thumbs
down as well. You can see here sit here
helps a lot
and and you can say um Tristan helps a
lot helps a lot. People like to talk and
you know discuss. So basically this is
how it works. The last uh rule that we
have that is separate completely for
writing and speaking and in writing and
speaking we have something called task
response and task achievement. Let's
just write here task achievement and
task response. Let's just make it a
little bit readable and only one here
and that is enough pronunciation.
Oh my god.
ation. Okay, it's fine.
The first one is called task achievement
in writing and they have two. This is
for part one of writing. This is part
two of writing. Why do have why have
they they created it separately? You
know why not just one? Because in part
one they are asking you questions where
they don't want you to share your story.
They want only what you see on the
image. They don't want to change
anything. So basically there's a report
there's a there's an image. If you
change in the image, you're wrong. So
you achieve whatever they ask for.
There's no response required. That means
your input doesn't matter. What matters
is what do you see is what you write
based on the image. Task response is in
essays because every person will write
different review or view or opinion in
essays and they have different reasons
for their opinion. That's why response
is used in task two that is essay
writing.
Right? So this is what we have in essay
writing and um and then in part one and
part two you will I I'll show you in
detail um some examples or in detail
what is achievement and response later
but basically whatever question is based
on that what responses you provide is
for essay and whatever the image is if
you write proper uh report for that that
is for achievement right pronunciation
is different now people mix
pronunciation with accent it's not
accent
I'll explain that. So there are three
words and um I want all of you to
pronounce them to mark this one and
let's say this one
and uh this one.
Now can you can you pronounce three
other words just in one go?
>> Tomato, photography and academic.
>> All of you write about this. None of you
write about these and and because we all
are doing this that's why it feels it's
correct. It's not. I'll explain in a
second. So what happens is tomato or
this tomato can be pronounced three
different ways and three of them are
correct. We have US, UK and India.
In US it is pronounced as tomato. T is
pronounced as D and um A is E like we
have in in UK it's U
it's bath in US is bath right b so what
what is happening here tomato becomes in
UK tomato a is a and t is t when we
combine both of them we get India tomato
and that is fine three of them are
correct
but here we have something called
syllable stress syllable stress Syllable
stress is some part of the word will be
stressed to I don't know why languages
are languages right they have rules so
it's not photography because there is a
word called photograph which is correct
pronunciation if I add y here this
becomes photography the to is stress
basically this becomes photography same
goes for this word we have the word
academy without the plus part this is
academy this is correct now I cannot say
academic it's academic dynamic changes
something here. So please understand
that there is a change in every word
which is connected to some other word
because we remove Y doesn't mean that
it'll change. I mean it doesn't mean
this going to stay the same. If I add Y
meaning will I mean the pronunciation
will change that is pronunciation not
accent because we have syllable stress
there. Now how do we know if we are
pronouncing the word correctly? We don't
know that and we don't need to know that
otherwise you know you will revise all
the words that will take you months. We
don't have that much time. Then how do
we remember them? Well, the best way is
to watch movies or TV shows. And my
favorite in all this is Harry Potter.
Why? I'll explain. It's not because of
the story or I like um you know those
books or anything. No. So Harry Potter
has something amazing which no other
movie has which is the growth. For
example, in part one, the age of those
kids was around 5 to 7 years old. And
how crazy words can they use? Not that
crazy. A little bit good words, little
bit no easy words or medium words,
right? They used and and you can say A1
till C1 maximum.
Yes, we keep subtitle on initially.
Initially because we need to I'll tell
you the technique after this. Okay. By
the time the movie is on eth, they are
they are fully grown, right? every movie
with every movie they are growing the
language is increasing. So if you watch
eight movies properly with subtitles on
for a reason, how do I practice? I when
I'm watching the movie on on Netflix or
let's say prime generally these are
used. I pause the movie. So I I was
practicing somewhat let's say English uh
earlier for a little bit advanced
English uh medieval time English as
well. There was a TV show called um
uh it was available on Star. It was
called um the demon the winy demons.
It's it was about Leonardo that Vinci
one of my favorite uh TV show to enhance
your language but that is highest level
you can get right so don't go there yet
you'll get bored the Vinci demons is
amazing how Leonardo DaVinci lived his
youth you know how he um created those
those things and inventions and all
those things right
so in here I used to pause the movie or
the TV show and read those words by
myself and let the actor play
play the dialogue and I check oh same
then it's fine if it is not the same I
understand that write it down and then I
move on same way you can do it for the
eight movies it'll take you a month or
something but your pronunciation will
definitely definitely improve rather
than oh let me just collect 10,000 words
and and search everything in in a
dictionary online no it's going to be
very boring within 3 days or 2 days in
fact within one day itself you leave it
like it's boring but watching movies and
pausing them and check if I know is you
won't stop it. Right? So this is how you
can enhance your pronunciation or you
can like I said conversation extend is a
good tool where you will meet people
online and you you know you can
basically talk to them and you will
definitely improve from that as well. So
these are the two different ways either
watching watching movies or through um
um talking to people that are native
speakers right is listening structure.
So in listening we also have the same
structure of 40 questions. Okay, we have
40 questions. These 40 questions are
then divided in four sections. Remember
that listening, academic and general
training will get the same question
paper. No change at all. First thing.
Second in listening the time is not set.
It's based on the audio length. Sometime
duration can be 25 minutes, sometime 30,
maximum 35. I've not seen more than
that. Right.
And there is extra time and there are
two types of times available. When it
comes to CBT there is 2 minutes only and
when it comes to pen and paper uh let's
say we have around 10 minutes.
Why this extra time? Because in here all
the answers have to be copied. Only here
five to six answers have to be copied.
Rest of the answers can be directly
provided in the on the computer display.
So you don't need to need extra time for
every other question. That's why we have
less time in CBT, more time in uh extra
time in pen and paper. Right? Okay. What
about these 40 questions? How are they
divided? They divided in four sections.
Section one, section two, section three,
and section four. Remember that these
sections are created in order to make
you understand that all the scenarios
are important. They have created four
scenarios. Okay. The first scenario is
when they have a conversation going on
about everyday stuff. Okay.
everyday uh everyday context you can say
that
in this the difficulty level is quite
you can call it very easy. So the the
speed will be low and 10 questions will
be there in this I mean everywhere there
will be 10 questions no chance about
more or less but yes everyday context a
conversation and very easy question
types right in between section one there
will be breaks for example there are
five questions then a break and
remaining five or six questions four
questions after that but in between you
will have a break of time around 30 to
40 seconds you can read the question
then you can go to the next one Right?
After this is done, there is another
break here, sectional break and the
break continues till the end. Right?
Second scenario is a monologue. Instead
of conversation, this is a monologue.
Again, everyday context, it's not very
easy, but it is easy. You can say
difficulty level has changed. Again,
there will be two question types
available and there will be break in
between those question types. Again,
another break instead of monologue. Now
again we are going back to conversation
but everyday context will change to
academic context in the sense something
connected to studies they will ask
doesn't mean that general training
people don't have to go for that they
will have to do the same question paper
it's just they'll go to school and
create a scenario they'll go to to the
to a college and they'll create a
scenario this is what we call academic
context where they're talking about um
um lecture and two people are talking
about that or three so that's
conversation it's not easy in my opinion
it's difficult quite difficult compared
to the previous one. In fact, most
difficult section four is not that
difficult. I mean according to official
website it the difficulty keeps
increasing. Section four is difficult
according to them but according to me
this is the most difficult part. Section
three and here as well the questions
will be divided into parts. Part one and
then break and then part one. So five to
six here and then four to six there.
Right?
In this one we have monologue context is
academic same as previous one. The
difficulty level is high, right? But
here there's a problem. We don't have
any break in between. That means
question number 31 to 40 all will be in
one go. There is there are no breaks in
between. Here we have breaks. For
example, question 21 to 25 first and
then we have remaining. But here no
breaks. All the questions will be played
in one go. You will get initially some
time to look at question and understand
them. There there will be uh no time
apart from that. Right? So I'll show you
an example of that. I'll show you how
the question looks like. I mean the how
the exam looks like and then we'll we'll
go to because we have time. So we can go
understand a question type and we'll try
to solve it. Right? So if you look at
this one this is a listening uh one
second let me share my display and talk
about this. This is a listening question
type and we have to uh understand this
from the perspective of sections as well
as question type. Look at this one. We
have section one 1 to six. First they
will play and they will allow you to
look at question 1 to six and then we
have 7 to 10 before that there will be a
break and then again after 10th is done
section changes and then 11 to 16 in one
go they will give you a break before 11
to 16 around 30 to 40 seconds you read
the question and send them and then you
go to the next one which is 17 to 20 you
complete that we have another section in
this case again same thing you go on
till 30 but after 30 if you notice that
they haven't mentioned uh something like
31 1 to 36. No, 31 to 40. All the
questions in one go. This is section
four like I said.
Okay. So, this is the structure. Of
course, you don't have to solve any
question paper for now. We'll solve it
um in few days because we have to to
understand how the exam complete exam
feels like. Well, we'll do it. Is
listening answer in short. We have today
something called answer in short or
answer the following question whatever
question type you call them answer the
following question or answer in short in
listening
we have seen them in reading so you know
how it looks like they look exactly the
same what you see in reading but the
strategy is little bit different of
course it's reading right it's listening
I mean compared to reading it's
different so what do they look like and
how do we solve them first of all they
look exactly the same and And when it
comes to solving we have completely
different strategy.
Now first of all in this question type
you can see the instructions number of
words no more than three words. Clear?
Now comes question 11. The audio will be
played in the sequence of this question.
That means 11th information about 11th
will be played first and while they are
playing the information you write the
answer. Two words one word you can
easily write. Then they will talk about
12 then 13 and like this right.
Secondly, this question type is not in
the difficult side because it is in
either in section one or section two.
Rarely it is in section three or four.
Okay. So, it's in on easy side little
bit. Now coming to how do we solve it?
Remember there are two um categories of
information that we have. The first one
is before the audio what to do and
second one is during the audio because
after the audio everything is over. You
cannot do anything. Okay. So what is
this before the audio and during the
audio? Let me just write here before the
audio
and this is during the audio.
We'll understand two of these uh timings
and what to do in those timings. In both
the times before the audio and during
the audio you have to do you have to
take care of two steps. Step one and
step two here as well. Step one and step
two. What is that first step? First step
is to understand that initially you will
always get 30 seconds or 40 seconds even
some time um extra time to read the
questions and we're going to read we're
going to take care of this time um how
to say precisely as precisely as
possible and what do we do in this time
we do two things number one number one
we read the question and underline what
is the question about for example What
was the sea life center previously
called? It's about sea life center. And
number two, predict what could be the
answer? Answer could be a name because
they are saying what was it called? Sea
life center and a name of it. What is
the newest attraction called? Newest
attraction and a name of it. Main
feeding time. So main feeding and time
basically a time set time, right? Let's
take another example. What special event
will the sea life center arrange for
you? So we are talking about um special
event arrangement and name of an event.
This way you're kind of understanding
the question also writing down what are
we predicting from the question.
Wonderful. Once you do that and remember
that initially initially when you're
practicing in the the first week only
try to do the lengthy questions in the
initial time that is 30 to 40 seconds
time before they play the audio. Try to
go with the lengthy questions such as
11th is lengthy, 15th and 16th and 17th
are lengthy questions. 12, 13, 14 are
short questions. And why am I asking you
to do so? Well, the reason is because we
don't have that quick reading and
understanding comprehending power. So,
we tend to mess it up while reading
everything. So I'm asking you to read
only lengthy sentences and understand
them because we can easily read the
short ones while audio is being played
initially once your reading speed
increases or once you are uh or or later
when you're getting a grip on this
strategy of reading quickly you can read
all of them in one go but that you have
to test am I able to read seven
questions or six questions in one go and
guess the meaning guess the answer as
well as predict and everything so you
basically
It is based on how long it takes you. 7
days, 10 days, 8 days, 4 days, you never
know, right? Okay. So, the first one is
clear. Read the questions initially the
lengthy ones. Secondly, that you have to
do two things again. That is what is the
topic about and prediction. Done. What
about during the audio? During the audio
again, two things. Number one,
please remember there is something
called distraction.
distraction in the sense they will never
they're not going to tell you directly
the answer for example sea life center
previously was called this that will be
very easy then what do they do they
initially use different names such as
well we have many names names of sea
life center that people call it right
now and it is uh let's say xyz center
abc center um dolphin center whatever
they call it but the question is about
previously called and they are telling
us what it is called now and they say in
the past though it was called this
already in your head one answer is set
let's say ABC center because you heard
it first and and you're like okay this
could be the answer but because they
played on the words because you're
looking for a name for the CF center
they used it but not for previously now
this is called distraction let's say
what is the main feeding time they could
say well the feeding time was this XY Z
or let's say 2:00 or 5:00 or 7:00 but we
uh we didn't like the time and now it is
this well they're not asking about past
they are asking now right when is right
now so this is called distraction they
will try to distract you as much as
possible that's how they test how well
you are in listening second one is
domain
let's say you are pretty smart you read
the first question you understood it and
distraction you remove you found the
answer but you stayed at number 11 you
didn't know how to jump and when to jump
to number 12 then you're gone
Only one answer you found it correctly
good second it's a problem domain in the
sense where are they right now are there
se life center name or they at newest
attraction called where are they how do
we recognize that from the topic if they
start talking about attraction something
latest something newest something name
of an attraction either you are at 12 if
they start talking about time or
something about feeding animals or
something like that they are number 13th
so we have to understand the domain that
means when have they switched based on
this topic. Second way of understanding
the way they have switched is they use
words such as uh well then all right
then we are jumping to or main feeding
time well let's talk about that. So they
they use this change of tone or
something like that. Sometimes they take
a pause of half a second. All these
hints you will understand once you
listen to the audio. But yes, this
question type is not on the difficult
side but yes it it's creating a base of
listening that is all these things you
have to do in the coming question types.
Little bit added will be extra will be
added but this is the base of your
listening domain will always be there
distraction will always be there and
before the audio you have some time as
well. This is the base right listening
form completion.
Did you ever receive a call from anyone
for anyone let's say where saying uh
okay you bought something sir but your
order was not delivered on time uh we
need to find a solution for that. Did
you receive any call from customer care
like this earlier? Multiple times. Okay.
Did you ever receive a call that you
were about to um you were going for a
trip and your travel agent wanted to get
information ma'am what's your sir what's
your name and when are you traveling and
all those stuff we had this calls right
this every day right this situation is
called form filling in real life so what
what happens there is it's 99% a call
people don't come with a form in their
hand right oh let me fill the form that
becomes a survey more than a form
filling
The same type of question or same
situation comes up in IEL's listening.
So what happens in listening? There's a
question type called form filling
a form completion we call it in ins.
Okay. In this situation we have two
people talking. Let's call it person A
and person B. They're always over a
call. And in this situation one they're
discussing about details to fill. For
example, a might ask let's say this
person is uh the customer care or the
owner of the company asking you question
whatever it is okay they're asking you
question you can do you can do this you
can do that with our service or you can
get the the package ready whatever it is
okay you can get it your house clean
with our service whatever basically
they're asking you information over a
call to fill their form right and what
do they ask name generally uh area code
of the area or address or the date on
which you want to get the service done
or the a package number or ID whatever
it is. So you have multiple details
possible.
This question type is only possible in
section one. And you know what happens
in section one. It's the most easiest in
a way.
Fine. So we have uh this question type
in section one. It's the easiest and it
will be pretty slow. And the best part
I'll show you when I show you the
question how it looks. You have so
little to read that you can easily
listen to what they are saying. This
question type is in section one. That's
where that's why they're not going to
give lengthy statements and everything
huge. They're not going to do that.
They're not going to do that. So if I
show you the question type or the sample
here, you will say Sam it's it's baby's
task. Anyone can do that question. Okay.
So let me share my display and we can
continue. If you look at this one, you
can see it's from section one. Phone
number definitely we will fill phone
number here. US address. Continuity of
the address. So address will be filled
here. We are looking for a day. Here we
are looking for a uh again another day.
Here we are looking for storage time.
Here so basically it's easy to recognize
what we are filling first of all less to
read and of course the audio is slow
like I said. Then what is the problem?
How can we say that this will be uh this
could be a difficulty to find answer?
Yes, there are few things tiny things.
Number one is that because it is on a
call keep your volume little bit high
little bit high because sometimes what
happens in a call one person is speaking
in in a different way another person is
speaking uh in a in a normal way. So
basically one will be recorded directly
so it will be clear but the call
recording for that other person will be
a little bit weak. So keep your volume
little bit higher to understand what
they're saying. one thing. Second,
do not skip anything in the question.
For example, I found this answer, this
answer, this answer, this answer. Don't
jump to this one. We have something to
keep a track on. That means they will
have to talk about 11th March. They have
to talk about 5:00 p.m. Then they will
go to number five. They have to there's
no chance about that,
right? So, please don't skip. Do not
skip information. We have to understand
that if you skip information, we are
gone. We have problem, right? So do not
skip information. Keep the information
in the queue. Last but not the least,
numbers. Numbers are crazy. Especially
the number zero. So what happens to
zero? They because it is pronounced in
different ways such as O, we have not,
we have zero. Three ways we have. So you
know if they use this any of the way you
might get confused. they say uh 630 uh
01. So now you say what is O? You're
confused in the between and that time
the audio is gone. So these are the
three things that we have. Keep your
volume high. do not skip information
because we need to keep the sequence a
and numbers might be little bit trouble
such as O or not because in in US they
use not one course one not one and O is
used in UK
right so sometimes they use this
sometimes they use that sometimes they
use zero as well that's all that's what
we have to understand otherwise this
question type is very easy
>> IS listening map labeling
>> map labeling is not a big problem until
unless you understand the technique It's
very simple. It it's straightforward.
You have a map mentioned. You have
somewhere data mentioned and you try to
find the answer, you can easily find the
answer. When I say simple, when I say
simple, there's a difference between um
simple and difficult. So simple one is
in a map when questions are mentioned in
the in inside the image and options are
outside. How is this simple? Sequence is
maintained
in the question number. Right? So we
have 11 12 13 14 15
right. So it goes like this. The audio
will go like this. Basically they will
go in this sequence. So they will go
like this and talk about this like this.
You know that which path they're going
to take easily you can find the answer
unless and until you take care of few
things which are okay um where did they
enter in the image? Well, they have an
arrow for now. They can enter from
anywhere. But import most importantly,
they'll talk about 11th for for sure
first that that we have to mention,
right? Good.
And we have something called landmarks.
For example, library and desk. They have
close to library and desk. This one
above library area or left or
non-fiction here. Right of uh seminar
room is here and all those things here.
Right? Sometime instead of right and
left, they can use the word east and
west and south and north. Remember that
in any map always the upward direction
is always north. Opposite of that is
south. Left is always the west. Remember
that. Why? Think think about your
country's map. Your country's map where
is the west looking at the map it's
always on the the left and the right is
always the east part. So if they say go
in easterly direction when it comes to
seminar room we have something. Oh
you're talking about 14th for sure. Now
so it's easy because the ima in the
image we have question numbers and you
know which which when they will talk
about so 11th they will jump to 12th
then 13th then 14th then 15 this is not
the problem if you get this kind of
image it's very easy straightforward
easily you can find the answer the
problem is when it comes to the
difficult type what is a difficult type
where they put the questions outside the
image and what it will look like you
will see you will understand what I'm
trying to say now in In this case, what
do we have? First of all, you see the
questions are outside the image. Now,
cafe will be discussed first, which
could be answer C. Toilets will be
discussed second. The answer could be A.
Now, look, they're jumping here. Next
one is whatever formal gardens, they
could be going to edge directly. Now,
they they can go any direction. So, now
we have an issue. The issue is not even
this. This is a tiny issue. Okay, they
can jump to any direction. Along with
that we have one more issue that we have
to listen to three different things at
the same time. Number one we have to
read the whatever we have in here.
Number two we have to listen to the
audio. Of course without that what how
will you solve in listening right? And
number three we have to look at the
image and if anywhere if you miss 5
seconds of either of them either reading
while listening or listening while
reading or looking while listening and
reading you're gone. 5 seconds gone, the
synchronization is gone and your answer
is incorrect. You're confused. So this
combination of multiple things is what
creates problem. We cannot do that,
right? We cannot do that. So how do we
solve this problem? Well, in this
equation of three different things, we
can remove one of them.
How can we remove one of them? Well,
understand that humans can actually
remember stuff more than you think.
So what you have to do now is look,
listen and read at the same time. You'll
be reading these things. You'll be
looking into the image and listening the
audio like that's my point. Too much
combination of you know chances of going
wrong are high now because you have
multiple things to do. Yes, what you're
saying is okay we can do this. Yes, but
still the question type is difficult
because 3 seconds 4 seconds here and
there gone. It's gone. So the method
where that we have is can we remove the
looking part? we can reduce the amount
we have to look into the image or at
least we can remember the image. You
will you will see that how. So we have a
technique called temporary memory
invocation technique that what do we do?
We try to remember the image within a
span of 9 to 10 seconds. And how to do
that? We have to focus on the image for
9 to 10 seconds. When you do that your
retina has this energy or power of
remembering things. And when you look at
any image for 9 to 10 seconds, it is
imprinted in your head for another two
to three minutes easily. Easily. Now if
you blink anywhere anywhere basically on
the wall, you would see some kind of
image in your head. Do you see that?
Yes. That's that that means the the data
is stored in your brain somewhat. Not
definitely everything, right? You cannot
just draw it. But you would know almost
70 to 80%. See how how crazy our brain
is. Look at this one.
And without even looking at the image,
you said from south gate to north gate,
there was something on the right side.
It's glass houses.
Now almost 80% of the time you don't
have to look into the even if you miss.
I'm not saying don't look. I'm saying
look. But in the case you miss the
listening looking part is almost over
now.
So you will make lesser mistakes now.
In fact no mistakes because you know the
path already. Okay. We go from south
gate lake towards the lake lake. go
about old museum and on the corner we
have a turn now you know where we are
talking about yes misunderstanding could
happen even after practicing million
times because that is oh by mistake I
heard something that's that's different
but technique says that if you remember
certain image like this you can easily
find the answer
one more thing one more thing we have uh
a document which says that it's um
vocabulary related to maple labeling we
have a document available in your Google
drive u in the same folder. Please
download it and print it. It'll be very
useful for you for map leveling and even
for reading and any any any part you can
have this and it has a lot of words and
phrases which are useful. Um, of course
I'm not going to explain each and every
word you can go through it. If you find
a problem you can ask me to listening
sentence completion. Now before we
proceed towards listening sentence
completion we also have to understand
what is section four in listening. Let's
talk about it here clearly. listening
section four is something which is a
nightmare for many people and the reason
for that is from section 1 to section
three let's say section one plus uh let
me just get rid of it plus section two
plus section three every time we have
each section we have breaks in between
that means two question types question
type one question type two one two one
like this and in between you will have a
break of 30 20 to 30 seconds right but
in section four we don't have a break
that means Here we they're asking 1 to 5
and then or 1 to 6 and then 5 to 10 then
here. So they keep taking breaks. So I
was talking about section four. In
section 4 we don't have breaks. That
means question number 31 to 40 will be
in one go. There will be initially only
one break which is yes longer than these
breaks which is around 60 to 70 seconds
before they play the audio. You have
ample time to read the questions. But
that's not the problem. One of the
problem is this that we have multiple
questions in one go. Second problem is
these questions are so many they look
very simple I 10 questions only but
because the audio becomes 8 minutes long
sometimes 7 minutes long continuous
audio and you have to keep listening to
it and write the answer no breaks in
between you get bored your concentration
goes down and because of that finding
answer becomes difficult sometime that
happens I'm not saying all the time
you'll be not concentrated because it is
about only one person speaking it's a
monologue so when A monologue is uh it's
kind of a lecture about some topic um
and let's say rock formation or water
cycle or carbon cycle whatever it is and
um when they're discussing they have
some blanks or any kind of question
which is matching with that information
and they'll ask you sentence completion
is one of those kinds you know in
section four so sentence completion
could be in section two three very
rarely I've seen three but yeah three is
mainly made for MCQs section four mainly
Yes, this question type can be there.
So, we have to be careful about this
part that we don't get bored. And yes,
we have some strategies. But I have to
tell you this, these are some challenges
that we have in section four. Okay. Now,
what about the question? If it is in
section two, we have some hints. If it
is in not in section two, in section
four we have some different hints along
with what we're going to discuss now,
we'll have more hints. Now, what we have
discussed earlier will be definitely be
applicable here for sure. like you know
you have a prediction you have uh during
the audio and after the audio. Do you
guys remember that?
>> Yes. So there were two things be during
the before the audio we have to worry
about. What are those two things before
audio?
So first one was read the long sentences
and after you read what do you do?
Predict what it is about. Yes. Along
with
>> predictive plus topic. So let's say this
is a lengthy sentence. You need to have
a blank to buy a ticket for £10. Ticket
for £10. And we're looking for something
like a ID or a paper or something that
you need to buy something or money
maybe. Right? Same way here the cost of
ticket bus ticket includes entrance to
the blank. So we're looking for um a
noun and a place name where you can
enter basically entrance to some place
like that. Right? Okay. So they the same
these are the before audio after audio
or no there's no after during the audio.
We have something these are the are two
things for during the audio. What are
those things?
>> Step.
>> Sequence. Okay, that's called domain.
That's the second. What was the first?
If you remember,
distraction.
Distraction in the sense whenever
there's a question being played, of
course you know that. Okay, let's say
this is the first one. Now, they're not
going to tell you directly this is the
answer. They will say that for example,
because this is about £10. They might
say that well for £20 ticket you have to
have this. For uh if you want to buy a
ticket for £30 we have this but if you
want for £10 we have this. Now because
they are numbers there's a word called
buy. We might put the previous one word
as an answer. So if you notice that we
have something called distraction. They
will play with you with your mind. They
try to provide another answer. And if
you have read the initial part done the
initial part this can be solved. Domain
is where are you right now. For example,
you need to have a blank and they're
talking about ticket for some amount.
They're talking about
uh some things you need to buy the
ticket and all those stuff, right? But
as soon as they change the theme, they
will talk about the bus tour or some
duration or some time. Basically, that
means they have jumped to number 16th.
We have to recognize this. Where are
they? That's called domain. That means
which question are they on based on
these hints? If they're talking about
let's say entering some place cost of
ticket or something like that any of the
hints you underline those hints
highlight those hints in the case of CBT
they have reached to 70 if you reach to
the right question at the right time if
you remove the distraction by
understanding the question in the
previous one everything fits then you
will not go for the incorrect answer if
one of them is missed for example you
did not understand the question and
you're searching for hints no if you
understood the question but you don't
know which question it is now Right?
Because domain is lost again incorrect
answer. So these things are
interconnected. That's why I made it
before uh the audio and during the
audio. Such things have to be followed
to find the answer. And this was used in
other types as well. So we don't it's
not something new for you guys. You you
tried it and it it worked out for you uh
easily, right? But the second type is
little bit difficult. It's difficult
because of its uh complexity on purpose.
Basically this is called sentence
completion. Let me let me share my
display and show you what I mean by
that. Sentence completion section four.
Section four I told you they will not
have a break. So you can see question
number 31 to 40 no breaks in between.
Now what what can happen is after two to
three questions because it is only one
person speaking not interesting some
topic about something you'll be like
okay it's okay and then it goes on and
suddenly you miss that one phrase and
it's gone this is one of the problem
right so how do we solve this first of
all remember that the best thing not the
first of all the the most important
thing are the subheadings
and every time we have section 4 you
will always get subheadings without
subheadings you cannot solve
Right? You will always have subheadings.
Subheadings help you to figure out two
things. Number one, let's say we have
ceramics and they're talking about
ceramics a lot. Right? So at least you
know this is all about ceramics. Second
at the end of the ceramics we have a
topic called bodkar quartz and
porcelain. So they are together when
they're discussed. That means okay this
is the end of ceramics. Now how do I use
it um you know psychologically to
enhance my concentration? I create
sections by myself and feel that oh I
completed something. So I create
subheading as one section. This is my
section one part one of that. So it's
section four part one. Section four part
two section four part three. So once
subheading ceramics is done that means
they have reached bodkar and quartz this
is done. Second they reach Romans and
glass this is done too. And the last one
we don't need this because there's
nothing apart from that. Right?
Moreover, not just this, we get it done.
If we are lost even in this, we know if
they are at birdare or Chinese pailing,
that means they are at the end of
section one. But yes, this strategy
always works. Now, what about the
solving strategy? The same as the
previous one. Read the lengthy sentences
first. Do the same u two uh things
before the audio, two things during the
audio. They're going to work the same
way but the subheadings will be a
different um addition you can say
additional strategy to help your
yourself to you know gain into um the
the easier way basically because there's
a lot to go through so we reduce the
amount we have to go through right
otherwise if it is in one go it becomes
hectic is listening flowchart completion
and if you notice the way flowcharts in
listening are mostly mostly I would say
has a very typical trend. Look at the
first word.
Every time the first word will be an
action,
isn't it? Look at this one. And and it's
very simple. Get complete book and
setup. Fine. Get what? Approval from
someone. So, we know we're looking for a
person or a group or someone, right? So,
someone let's write it here.
complete some type of form, book some
type of I don't know meeting or
conference or a call whatever set up
again some type of a call or conference
or something like that with these people
either here system analyst here
technologies uh team so look at this one
action prediction action action is very
simple to understand as well get
complete book setup straightforward
uh we'll go with the next one the next
one this one was simple le you know you
keep listening and answering very simple
second one little bit more difficult the
reason for that the difficulty is it's
not uh top- down flowchart it's typical
you know weird not atypical you can say
that weird flowchart it's a flowchart
there's a flow in there but not
straightforward first of all second
thing compared to the previous one it's
it contains a lot of information
lot of information right so this
question type if you notice it's really
you know complicated but it is not we'll
understand that how can we remove the
complication questions are the same if
you notice action and prediction just
get some from somewhere add something
see again the same thing we have seen
earlier get remove chop add something
again this is blank that means this is
an action blank and distribute material
action collect something action use
something heat something so all of them
are same thing no then what is the
problem the problem number One is the
audio will be pretty lengthy. That means
the recordings that we have will be
pretty lengthy almost let's say 3
minutes 4 minutes long sometimes and
what do they do there in theuh long
audio either they start with the first
question instantly within like like 10
seconds okay or sometime they explain
this initially either they explain at
the end or in the beginning it's up to
them we we cannot control that but yes
once they start the first question they
have to continue but they will have to
explain what is production what is paper
production what recycling and then jump
to first one. Sometime they do at the
end. We don't know that. So if they do
in the beginning of the recording you
might feel oh you missed the first one.
You might feel because for almost 1
minute they they don't want to tell you
if we are starting on the first one and
there's nothing like okay we are talking
about 21st now not like that right. So
we have to be careful about the first
one. If we miss the first one the
sequence is broken and you won't be able
to find the answer. So how do we know
that first one is spoken? First one
please pay attention lot especially in
large flowcharts. That means we have the
word get raw materials from someplace.
So from someplace can be considered in
one um sense like oh where can we get
raw material from factory you know a
person or let's say um let's say a place
or whatever it is. Okay. Um so that if
they they play about that that means
they are here getting something raw
material any word if they use synonym
that means they are reaching towards 21
you have to be very careful okay once
you understand that they have played the
21st answer for sure great now you have
uh removed one of the problem that means
initially audio lot or at the end audio
lot first thing second some people what
do they do after that they jump to
number 22 okay and they say that okay
now I'm waiting for this one don't do
them. The reason is this is important
for us to keep the sequence. Listen for
wait for them to talk about remove bark
and chop wood. Both of them have to be
discussed. Otherwise, what going to
happen? You lose the connection. You
lose the the sequence. So they will talk
about uh remove bark, they will talk
about job port, then they will come to
22nd one. Right? So keep an eye on this.
Okay, this is done. Okay, this is done.
Now I'm going to listen to this. So
don't just jump to anything else. keep
with the sequence even though there are
no blanks in there. The second thing not
just recording. Second, do not ignore uh
such things.
Okay, you understand what I'm talking
about such things in the sense where we
have no blanks. Do not ignore them.
Third, what some people do is they get
confused with the arrows. So we have
arrows here and here, there and
everywhere. So we are confused. Don't be
confused at all because the sequence is
only in the questions not in the arrows
here. So if 21st is here 22nd will be
after that 23rd will be after that yes
we have to pay attention in between but
this these arrows don't shouldn't
confuse you 22nd and then 23rd 24th and
25th so these these arrows and extra are
we don't care we care only for the
question number so the arrows can be
removed confusion based on that from the
question numbers right and if you do
these steps you know if you take care of
them done
lengy recording please pay attention
mention in the first one do not ignore
what is not mentioned here I mean if it
though no blank is mentioned in the
third instead of arrow pay attention to
the question three hints and the pre
previous one of course it's about you
know blank and action blank and action
simple you found the answer so we can
remove the problems with the initial
three tips now we have the biggest uh
difficulty it is it this question type
is
I would say going to give you nightmares
if we I don't find a solution for that
and this question type has options
lengthy statements and a flow
and an audio to play.
Now if we are talking about products if
I use the word advertising campaigns you
will jump to this one and choose this
answer.
They would do that. They would they
would play the audio and they would you
know with their trick use word somewhere
just to say that oh this could be the
answer but it is not true. The problem
is the text is really really long. You
can see that in each question and the
options are there. Now you have to
choose out of these. You cannot just
listen to the word. So you have to you
know change your attention from the
audio or the question reading to the
options and then back to the question.
This is a problem. So we have a problem.
Like I said if you understand why you
keep going with the why part your
solution comes out very quickly.
Whenever you have any difficulty in
finding any question type or anything in
life while running recognize why is it
happening why is it that is there a
difficulty in this case can and can can
you even tell me why is it a difficult
thing to find the answer because they
they do distraction they they do a lot
of distraction the reason it's difficult
is because there is a lot to read
and at the same time we have to find and
also read the options that is a problem
What if like we did in the case of map
labeling, we reduce something that we
have to read. And how do we do that? We
do that by reducing the length of the
question.
We do that by reducing the length of the
question. And and that that thing how do
we do? I'll tell you how do we do that.
Okay.
So there is a theory in mathematics.
mathematics book if we remove words can
be fitted in like 10 pages. Look at look
at this beauty. Okay. If I say that um
not say that let me just write it down.
Okay. Um
take a number
and
let's call
it x.
Take another number
and let's call it y.
Add both these numbers
and save them, store them
in zed. Can you say that in a very
simple term?
And if I read this, can you understand
this easily? Can we do that for the
questions?
Maybe. So, we have so much to read and
if we if I read keep reading this, I'm
waiting for what information do they
have, right? These are extra. Let's call
this an X. So, yeah, it's a number X.
There's number Y and number Z. That's
it. And we know that there's there's a
symbol for that. This symbol means this
symbol means let's add these numbers.
Such a lengthy phrase. This is called
equation theory. To shorten whatever we
have.
to shorten whatever we have. If I take
any statement, I can convert it into an
equation of words. How
something about
the product
uh led to wider customer base is more
customers.
This is our blank and this is an
equation. If it does not fulfill our
equation, we leave it. Take a lengthy
sentence, you know, long sentence. Let's
see. Greater customer demand meant other
blank were needed.
More demand.
Okay. Equal to something. Let's just
write it like this. Needed. Now you
won't read even the question. You will
say more demand, something needed. Let's
wait for them to talk about demands and
see what is needed. Until unless this
equation is not fulfilled, you will say
there's no that is not the correct
answer. Here you're reading each and
every word again and again. Here you're
reading how many? 1 2 and 3. This one is
just just a blank. Instead of reading 1
2 3 4 5 6 7, you're reading three.
Instead of reading 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
you're reading three.
And secondly, secondly, if the equation
does not fulfill, that means there is no
chance that that could be correct
correct answer. For example, x + y = 2.
Nothing can fulfill this until unless x=
1. If I say guys, can x be 5? Say not
possible. It does not fulfill. Same way
here if they play the audio. If they say
that, oh, we are not getting much
customers because of the design. You
said okay, I don't care about this. But
because the way we proceed and show
values in uh in our company for the
product, we are getting customers. So,
okay, it's about the values.
If it is does if it does not fulfill we
don't care about that word and trust me
it's very easy then it becomes 200 times
easier now but the only problem that you
might have initially is how do we create
equations so quickly
right how do we create equations because
sometime we put the blank in the between
some uh in initial part sometime we put
the blank after the equation it's up to
you how do you want to do that but yes
initially it might be difficult later
you might make it very easy Why? Why
can't why don't we do that one thing
then? Why? Let's let's create an
equation for number 29.
Create an equation for number 29.
Let me just write it down if I can make
it easier.
Making sense?
This is extended. Okay.
Customer complaints equal to blank
changed.
Something has to be changed. Something
has to be changed because there were
complaints. Now they have mentioned word
complaint and no they changed brought
and changes to the blank. Why don't we
change the word for what we can
understand? Because complaints yeah more
or less same thing. What was changed is
brought the changes. Yeah that's
changed.
So try it. See this is what I meant. If
you want to get this method like crazy
easy even in any not just this question
type any question type if you want to
shorten the statement you can use this
method. The only thing is it'll take
time for you to practice. Converting the
whole statement into three words and a
blank is you know initially difficult
but later once you know this method it's
so damn easy then to find answers in
listening getting 8.5 to 9 becomes
really easy. IELTS listening table
completion
>> it's in listening and it's very easy why
because it's a table and secondly the
information is very little you know to
fill basically there's not much
information in tables and because it is
section one or two maximum so what
happens in there sequence is maintained
how much to read little third prediction
is like baby's task look at this one if
you look at this eighth one you can
without even taking more than 10 seconds
you can say oh I know what the answer
might be a number reflectance rate of
this material approximately definitely a
number
okay same reflectance rate for quarry
tile something like this and here I'm
looking for a material because they have
mentioned material name here this is how
easy it is because you don't have to
think what kind of answer I'm looking
for secondly these are not sentences
these are phrases so finding answer in
here is just paying attention to this
and they're discussing ing first this
one then this then this one then this so
basically they keep going with a
sequence and voila it's simple even the
most difficult ones look like you know I
can solve them anytime I want yeah we
have word count that is that you have to
notice otherwise it's it's not that
difficult if you even count the number
of words you have to read so 1 2 3 4 5 6
7 8 9 10 11 12 13 words which are almost
sometimes we have in MCQ one option
which has 13 words so this is how easy
it is okay so I would suggest all of you
to not worry about it just try to solve
one example of 2 minutes not more than
that and if you feel it's easy do not
even think about solving it more maybe
before during mock test you might get it
then it's the best way to solve
otherwise no extra practice required for
table completion
>> is listening summary completion
>> summary completions Sometime you might
need to practice sometime but not all
the time. Remember yesterday we were
discussing summary is easy. Why it is
easy? Because there is even if it is
section three. There is a kind of a
continuity in summary completion. When
there is a continuity, there is a
connection and connection can only be
formed when we have um next um when we
have um a connection between the first
sentence and the next sentence and the
next sentence have a connection has a
connection too. They cannot create a
continuity without a connection with the
previous one. Okay. So, summary
completion is kind of fill in the blanks
in listening but with connection between
them. So, what is the meaning of
connection? I'll tell you what could be
the answer for number 23.
Could this be about a discipline? Yes.
So that means we found the answer. Not
found basically we guessed the answer
based on the previous sentence.
This is not possible in sentence
completion. Remember that because all
the sentence completion questions are
not connected. They okay first question
done. Second question I don't have any
connection. And maybe after a speech of
like you know 30 seconds 40 seconds I
get next question here for sure they're
talking about mechanical engineering and
several disciplines one of the several
disciplines will be mentioned here which
he or she is finding difficult because
they have mentioned
section three section three that means
two people will be talking and how do I
know it's section three question number
23 to 26 come under section 3 1 to 10 is
1 11 to 20 is 2 21 to uh 30 is 3 and of
course 31 and 40 is 4. So in section
three two people talking that's why they
mentioned he so one person is asking
question probably another lady or a
person other name right and this time
George is answering because George
expectation or experience of university
so once you answer this question they
will discuss about his what is his
course about then they discuss about his
assignment now they will connect with
the course with an assignment you know
like oh in the course we have multiple
assignments and now you know they're
talking about assignments so if you get
this continuity connected did is same as
sentence completion which we have
completed. But what people do is they
just focus on 23. That's the biggest
mistake.
If you don't make this mistake of you
know just leaving the continuity, you
will be fine. You'll always find the
correct answer. This is so easy then
baby's task otherwise you might feel you
might get little bit stuck sometime
right. Okay. So summary completion also
easy even if it is asked in section
three or section four I've seen even
section four I'll show you an example
later because next question is connected
to this one right we'll have an example
of that too it's uh it'll become easy
even if it is section three or four
generally it is in section three or four
it's not that difficult because of its
continuity and we know where we are
going
>> is listening note completion now comes
the next question type which is little
bit difficult out of all these things
you have seen so far this is the most
difficult and so what is this last
question type so when you're noting it
down whatever I'm saying are you writing
in short or full sentences
short very nice that's why they got
short notes right and when you're
writing in short you're writing a title
as well I believe when you're writing a
title for example today we have um map
labeling kind of question okay and map
labeling we have two types type one
and type two right
and in in type one type two we have
something written here type two is
something written here do I have to
write when I'm reading these nodes map
leveling has two types and they are
number one number two we don't have to
write
we don't have to based on the way the
data is represented you can say we
talking about map labeling as a title
and two types about it and we have
details about each type separately. We
don't have to write this one is
particularly for type one. We don't have
to write them. Exactly. Same thing
happens in your listening in a question
type called map complet sorry note
completion. Somebody's note are
presented to you where some part of the
note is missing.
Not complete note is missing some part
of the note is missing. You are supposed
to fill that certain part which is
missing. And how do we fill that? Well,
it's very simple actually. Understand
the structure. That's it. And also like
I was asking you, have you written
title? You might write subtitles as well
or sorry, not subtitles, subheadings as
well. So this here is a heading
and this over here is subheading.
Right? So what what we have in node
completion? In node completion, we are
talking about one topic. Inside the
topic we have subtopics such as u hair.
We're talking about facts about hair.
These are some facts. Then we're talking
about structure of hair. We have three
three main parts. Bulb, root and shaft.
Right? If this structure is understood
or basically you understand how note
completion are organized, you can easily
find the answer. Now for two reasons.
First of all, you don't have to read
much compared to sentence completion.
Three phrases. Yes, something is
connected here. So for example for 32 we
have to read the previous sentence like
main component kitin makes fingernail
blank. So they'll talk about main
component hair is kin and it is really
useful and then they'll talk about
making fingernail blank or kin makes
fingernail blank something right. So yes
in not n not n not n not n not n not n
not n not n not n not n not node
completion the previous sentence of
previous phrase we don't have sentences
phrase is important
but the most important part is how data
is organized okay the reason is if you
look at this one there are three main
parts in here in hair bulb root and
shaft okay very simple bulb root and
shaft and they say oh there are three
main parts bulb root and shaft you're
not going to jump to shaft you know that
they don't discuss now bulb right and
they say oh this is the one they're
discussing let me just have Have a look
at like a what we are waiting for that.
So data representation will help you to
figure out the answer more quickly.
Second though this is section four and
it is always section four in note
completion you know that we have
subheadings. Once this is done like I
said earlier in another question type as
well subheading will help you to
recognize where you are and you won't
get lost.
And look we have completed the summary
below. I told you section four it's it's
possible. So you can see here there is
connection again with one to another one
they're talking about changes in the
diet we'll take this and in order to do
that we have to use vitamins and all. So
basically there is a connection between
hair maybe some problem with the hair
and they're talking about health and
hair look. So there's always a
connection in somebody it's not
difficult when you try this right
there's one more thing you can do. So
this is how you can find the connection
subheading also and the way the data is
represented. So if I look if I show you
another example what have they done
there? You will be surprised. They have
created even structure inside the
question. What is inside the question uh
structure? I'll show you. If you look at
this one, look at number 32. Okay,
they're talking about kites for sure.
This is about kite making process. Okay,
and here they're making talking about
appearance and kite. And here only about
kites often represented a bird, a god
and something. Now this is a list.
Even 35th is a list could be a triang
could be triangular, rectangular and
some kind of shape or some shaped right.
So if you notice that isn't this a
structure to kind of a list that means
they can actually talk about the first
one and then god and then bird. Maybe
maybe they say that well generally kites
represent xy z a god and a bird so you
know oh they're talking about this one
because this should come in the speech
in the same sentence or with within two
sentences. So you have to keep an eye on
such questions as well because they can
become easy uh because of the list
format. If they have a list format keep
an seventh is a list format. Sometimes
had a human head mask with this and a
tattoo. So the tattoo word they they
discuss they're discussing this one and
you have to go with this question
they're not going to discuss directly
the word and then tattoo sometime they
do opposite sometime they do the same
sequence but you have to understand or
underline whenever you see a list like
this one or this one or this one or even
in subheadings or could be anything. So
basically focus on such things you will
find the answer. So we have two types of
examples where subheadings are mentioned
as or okay in the heading itself they
mentioned we have three items sometimes
they don't mention that they write in
one sentence itself or one phrase itself
so that could also be understood based
on the structure
nowhere it's possible in uh note
completion that you will see that we
have um full sentences they are phrases
always because we don't write full
sentences in notes right and also yes
one word two words three words or one
word and Remember that alo that also is
important. So if this is clear though
note completion come under the category
of difficult question types you don't
have to worry. I listening multiple
choice questions. In multiple choice
questions we have two types. Okay. First
of all we have categorization. Basic
categorization that is part one two and
four in one category and part three in
listening is another category. Now why
do we have a separate section for se
part three and the reason for that is
it's crazy difficult part three is not
easy by any mean because they have what
they have multiple sentences I mean
multiple word options it's not just one
word option first of all second there
are two people speaking sometimes three
people speaking so finding basically a
point where you understand that is
difficult so we need to see what is um
the point with MCQs and how we can solve
them properly. Right? Okay. I'm going to
open uh an MCQ sample and then we'll do
one thing. We'll we'll try to understand
how to answer if it is the type one that
is part one, part two or part four. But
part three is completely different.
So this is what we have as MCQ and we
are supposed to understand how do we
answer such questions. Okay. Before we
go for the audio, you will always have
around so we have uh around 50 uh sorry
not 50 30 to 40 seconds initially before
the audio is being played. Don't read
the options in that time initially. Only
read the options if you have extra time.
Extra from what? After you read the
questions. See this is a tiny question.
We don't need to read it. This is a
lengthy question. We need to read it and
while you read underline the important
part or highlight the important part
such as where can customer meet the tour
manager traveling to main where customer
manager and write on the top or you can
underline where itself so we are looking
for a location right okay great how many
lunches are included in the price of
holiday well we're looking for a number
of lunches in price of holiday then we
have customers have to pay extra for
what for something so pay extra and
that's it pay extra for something. Fine.
Once this is done, which is generally
below between the time of 20 25 seconds,
you go to the lengthy options. Now,
lengthy options such as this one uh has
been in business for longer than most of
his comparator that means old. Arrange
holidays to more destination that means
um we can say long list of holidays. And
then we have has more customers than its
competitor. Means uh they have lot of
database that means big database for uh
for uh customers. So we have logged
database. Okay. So this is what we do.
We are creating in our head kind of a
possible phrase that they might use.
That's it. You don't have to create all
the phrases. Just try to understand
that. Okay. Once this is done, of course
the lengthy option done, lengthy
questions done. Generally it's between
35 to 40 seconds already over. If it is
not, well, it's okay. Anyway, you you
read it all. Now, when the audio is
being played, okay, this is a common
mistake I've seen in people. They don't
focus on the question. What do they
focus on? On the option. They keep like,
okay, let me just see when will they
speak Liverpool. Well, they will. That's
the point. That's the point of MCQs.
They will talk about three of the
options in a way that it feels like this
is correct. For example, tell me which
one is incorrect which I'm using as a
bait for you to choose the answer.
Well, tour manager is a nice person who
will be helping customers to travel to
Isisle of Maine. Uh the tour manager is
living right now in Luton and um and
this person can uh definitely be
available while you're traveling at
Liverpool. What's the answer?
Liverpool because Luton is where he's
living. He won't meet you there, right?
That's how they try to distract you.
What most people do is they they always
look for the option. No options would be
once you heard the answer then you match
with the option that's what they are for
right they are not for you know the main
content okay I'm going to choose from
between this this no it's not the right
way so never do that otherwise you'll
you'll get struggles you'll get problems
so never do that okay if this is easy
then what happens in section three
section three is a problem and the
reason for that is we will have to
basically ally read a lot, listen a lot
at the same time answer some complex
questions. So let me show you the
difference between part um what do you
call this part three and part two which
we saw earlier. Look at this one. This
is part three.
Can you see the difference? Lengthy
questions, lengthy options. Every option
is lengthy. Now, now how do we cope with
this situation? Well, in order to cope
cope with this situation, well, I mean I
I need feedback from you guys. How would
you answer these questions? How do you
answer? If you guys can tell me, I'll be
definitely uh maybe use the strategy.
There is a method that method works with
uh a simple strategy called who plus
what and you will see why this method
works. Who
remember that in section three there are
how many people speaking? At least two
or more. Sometime two or more, right?
Generally there are two sometime three.
That's it.
And why it's important because some
people can change the answer. For
example, whatever the answer is, let's
say uh both Annie and Jack are talking
here. And the person said and he said,
"Oh, the the technology that we have is
very complex and Jack says no." Yeah,
option A is gone. So, we have to listen
to them carefully. Who is changing the
answer? And if they are not changing,
what is the answer? So, basically, who
will provide the answer and what will be
the answer? Both are important. Now the
common mistakes are only two. The two
mistakes big big mistake. Number one is
you do not know for sure what is the
question about. Number two you fall for
the distraction that I said they one
person provides answer. Second person
changes that answer. This is a problem.
And how do we cope up with this? Make
sure you clearly know what is in the
question and what is it about? First of
all, what is this question about? It's
ice houses. Okay. Is it ice houses?
What if I say ice houses are nice places
to live? Is that what we going to choose
as an answer?
And he said that ice houses uh are a
nice place to live and they're situated
in uh Europe.
Can that be the answer? C.
No, because of one word it cannot be the
correct answer.
Discover
discover in the sense for the first time
she came to know.
So if she says that ice houses are the
places where we live but I never knew
that that they were created to do this.
That means it's not just about ice
houses. It's about what she came to know
for the first time about ice houses.
Discovery from reading about ice houses.
Remember that. So we have half
information. It's just ice houses. If
you do that, you get incorrect answer.
So discovering about ice houses is
important rather than just ice houses.
Please remember that. First of all, who
will provide the answer? Annie. Done.
This is more than enough. See this is
the problem. Look at the next one. This
time we have to be very careful who
provides the answer and what let's see
who will provide the answer here.
Any what does what point does Annie make
about refrigeration in ancient room?
Annie and what is it about
refrigeration in ancient Rome? So what
she says about refrigeration in ancient
Rome. Good. This is little bit more
complex. Who will provide and what about
what?
23rd
both I guess. So we have in connection
with modern refrigerators both Annie and
Jack are worried about something.
What will be in this case
worried about modern refrigerators? They
have worries about modern refrigerators.
Something wrong with modern
refrigerators, right? So basically this
is what we have to search about. What
are their worries about modern
refrigerator? Now if like I said in the
previous uh few seconds ago that if they
say that
well like I said any says that oh
there's this is really complex
technology and J says no I have seen
that they have a manual so a is gone. If
they say that well
uh really people are throwing away the
fridges and all those stuff Jack says
that and he says that no I've seen
people keeping them properly. So B is
gone as well. So this way try to see
which point they are speaking about and
who is speaking about that and wait for
other person to confirm. If they don't
confirm what going to happen that answer
cannot be selected as the correct
answer.
That answer cannot be selected as the
correct answer. Remember that please
otherwise you will definitely get a
problem.
Fine. That's good. That's good. So at
least we know what is the best strategy
that is who plus what what is the
question about read properly. Who is
going to provide the answer? You can
write them in your note in the case of
CBT. In the case of penetent paper you
can write in the book itself in the in
the let's say question paper itself. But
this strategy makes your section three
very easy. If your what is done properly
and who is done otherwise no
>> IELTS reading structure
>> let's try to get the meaning of what or
let's understand the what is the
structure of your uh reading and
listening right so when it comes to
reading we have a difference between
academic and general training for both
uh academic and general training certain
things are similar for reading let's
talk about the similarities first of all
in reading there will be 40 questions
these 40 questions have to be answered
in 60 minutes. Okay, remember that you
don't have more than 60 minutes, not
even 1 second. In the case of um any of
the CBT or penant paper, you don't have
extra time. They will, you know, take
away the paper and in CBT the the
answers will be sent by itself. You
won't have any extra time. Okay? And
there is no extra time like I said to
check your answers or anything like in
listening we have extra time not here.
These 40 questions are then subdivided
in three sections. Section one, section
two, section three. Now before I before
I go to the sections, let me tell you
all the questions are referenced to
context in the sense there will be
passage and out of those passages you
have to answer certain questions. So you
have passage, question, answer.
And these are the sections that we have
three sections. Now if you divide 40
questions in three different parts,
it'll never be equal. And same goes
here. We don't have set number here but
that number is anything between 13 to 14
questions. 13 to 14 questions and 13 to
14 questions. Let it be general
training. Let it be academic. There is
no difference here so far. Everything is
same completely. Now what happens next?
Let's talk about academic first. Okay.
In academic we have three sections same
but there are there's only one passage
per section. So we call it passage one,
passage two and passage three. So three
passages, huge passages, large passages
you can say that. And in each passage
you have multiple question types. So
when I'm drawing these lines that means
there are only two question types in
here. Question type 1 2 then we have 3 4
then we have five 6 and seven. So this
part can have seven that means can have
three question types. The last passage
sometime it has only two. So if it has
two it's six question type minimum. If
it has three then we have seven question
types minimum. Right? So what I mean by
type is let's say fill in the blanks.
That is one type. True false not given
that is another type
in the language of it's called sentence
completion not fill in the blanks. But
I'm just for your understanding I'm
trying to help you out to understand.
Okay. All right. So we have like I said
six question type uh seven question
types and six minimum when it comes to
academic. Now what kind of passages do
we have like I said large passages three
of them are huge and I'm going to show
you those last large passages here
because we have to see you know in
action how exam is uh conducted. So uh
I'll show you an exam which is properly
you can say truly academic size or every
question type will be like that. So we
have like you see you can see the the
paragraph starts over here page one we
have uh page two continuous I think
there was a problem. Okay, page one,
page two and then we have this part,
right? You can see multiple pages of
paragraphs, two pages of paragraph and
then we have question type 1 to 7 which
is first question type called true false
not given second question type called
matching the following features in the
passage. Right?
Then they change the section, change the
paragraph again, page one. Then we
continue to page two. Then almost yeah
there basically two pages and two
question types again. Question type one
and question type two below. Right? Then
we have third section and it continues
like this section page one and then we
have again multiple question types
available. Right? So this is how it
works in the case of uh academic. you
have three passages uh and in the end
you can have three question types or two
question types but above that will
always be two question types right now
how are they scored right
for every correct one answer you get one
point there is no negative marking if
there are questions like this please
solve question number 39 and 40 out of
below options then even if one is
correct you will get full marks for full
mark for that one mark right you won't
get oh one is incorrect everything is
gone not like GR In GRE uh let's say
though two question two questions are
combined and if you get one mistake
everything is over no not here you get
you'll get one mark for that and then no
negative marking so don't leave anything
you know empty in the answer sheet try
to fill everything right so this is your
structure when it comes to academic in
the case of general training you have
the same thing
put equations three sections section one
section two and section three the only
thing is the number of paragraphs s will
increase here and the size of the
paragraphs will increase here as well. I
mean decrease here as well. For example,
if you look at section one, it has two
paragraphs like uh two passages and last
one is only one. So we have passage one,
passage two, passage three, four and
five. These initial four passages are
teenytiny teenytiny in comparison with
um academic. Right? So if I show you an
example of what is uh a paragraph in
general training you'll be like oh
that's so easy compared to our academic
very easy let me show you what I mean by
that look at this one this is the size
of the paragraph when it comes to uh
general training starts over here and
few lines and that's it and only one
question type out of that you can see
here question type 1 to 7 another
paragraph starts from here and only one
page that two not even completely done
and then we have one question type out
of Section two again teeny tiny
paragraph and two one question type last
section we call it section three as you
can see here
has huge passage sometime they write the
question above and then passage below
doesn't matter but look at the last
passage same as academic huge passage
starts over here continues for two and a
half pages almost so general training
the only difference is the size of the
paragraphs and the number of paragraphs
but the question types will stay same
the techniques we're going to apply stay
same everything going to stay same no
change in there
right now what about the scoring now how
to get the scoring basically let's say
out of 40
if I uh if I get only um 20 out of 40
let's say what will be my band score
so we have a band score um mentioned on
the website official website if you go
to the website called issum.org
org and you search score to bands. Okay,
if you write score to bands and I iss
I'll provide you the the link. Don't
worry about that. The official website
will come up. There will be other
websites as well. You know, people have
created their own but this is the most
um appropriate one straightforward one.
And there you go. You can see on the
website we have understand the scoring
section. And if you go below in
listening we don't have any separation
out of 40 whatever you get reading we
have a separation for academic and
general training. If you want to score
five bands you have to get 15 correct
in academic but in general training if
you want to get five bends you have to
get 23 correct.
You can see the difference here.
23 is six bands but 23 here is five
bands. In order to get eight bands in
academic you are supposed to get only 35
correct out of 40. Okay. Here in order
to get eight bands you have to get 38
correct. But they have not mentioned
here but yeah out of seven in order to
get seven bands you have to get 35
correct. So basically one band here and
there general training scoring is little
bit difficult because the passages are
easy. So in a way it's all the same but
we don't have to worry because um we
don't care about this. Oh one marks here
and there, one mark here and there. care
about how to solve these questions,
right? IELTS reading answer in short. So
today we'll see that how do we solve the
questions. We're not going to solve all
the questions in one go. We will solve
one question at a time. That means one
question type at a time. There around
seven to eight question types. Now there
are subtypes as well. For example, one
question type can have three. Now I'm
not going to count them as separate
types. I call them subtypes. So
excluding that we have eight to nine
question types and we try to solve them
with every time there will be a new
strategy best way to solve them. So I
want all of you to please start taking
notes for everything I'm teaching you.
There will be definitely the best idea
is to take notes. That would be the
perfect way to solve your uh you know
otherwise what going to happen later you
will want to study properly but you
won't be able to because you want to
watch the video again and then that'll
waste another 30 hours of yours right?
If you take notes right now properly you
will spend only like in the end half an
hour to practice one question type.
easily you can you can do that but not
if you uh take the notes right
let's continue we have something called
answer in short okay we'll study what is
answer in short in in uh reading now we
are talking about general training and
academic there is no difference in here
remember that question types this
question type and the strategy will stay
same now when I say question answer in
short how many sentences do we write in
answer in short
maximum two lines. So one to two
sentences you can say. Yes exactly one
to two sentences was the normal two to
three sometime maximum three after that
it becomes lengthy answer ins when they
say one or two uh uh when you say answer
in short that means not more than four
words I've seen.
So this is between one to four words and
mostly it's anything between one to two
words as well. So where do we get this
information? We get this information on
our uh in the instructions of the
question right where do we get this
information when they say answer in
short in the instructions. Let's see how
the question looks like and how are we
going to solve it. Answer in short comes
under the category of medium difficulty
question type. Whenever there's a
question type I'll tell you you write it
down. This is medium difficulty. It's
not way too difficult. It's not way too
easy. when there is very difficult
question type they are in let's say true
false not given MCQs I'll I'll do tell
you that you can spend extra time on
that right so here we have something
called u um basic difficulty or you can
say medium difficulty question type
answer in short and you can see before
there is a there are questions you have
the instructions first always read the
instructions before you read the passage
or question doesn't matter but read the
instructions because if you're wrong
about this you'll be wrong about the
answer as well. So let's read it. They
say no more than two words and or a
number. What does it mean? No more than
two words and or a number. So if I write
the answer here,
um the board is this correct according
to the instructions?
Yes.
Yes, it is correct. Okay, cool. What if
I write um just port? Will it be fine?
Yes, exactly. They are not saying you
cannot write less than two. You can say
just not more than two.
What if I say the little boat?
No. Now in that case it's incorrect. But
what if I say two little boats?
Yes, that's the correct because they
have mentioned you can add a number.
This is number part. This is the word
part. And you are allowed to do that.
Now you cannot add one more number. Two
little boards three. No you cannot do
that because now there we are changing
the rule of a number rather than we are
writing two numbers. Right? That's not
possible. So yes this is fine. This is
not fine. This is fine. This is fine. We
need to know this because sometimes we
uh by mistake or let's say in a hurry
don't read instructions and we uh write
the incorrect answer. Though our answer
is correct technically speaking. I mean
theoretically speaking but technically
it's incorrect. We don't do that. Now
also one thing you should always know
please never read the passage first.
I've seen students doing it. What do
they do? They start reading through the
passage first. They say that if I read
the passage first I'll get some idea in
the sense oh this is good. I understand
what's happening in the passage and then
I go to the question. Right? Not a good
idea. not a good idea because you're
wasting your time. When you're reading a
passage without any reference, you're
just reading randomly and you won't
remember stuff. When you're reading
after you understand the questions, that
means you will definitely look for
references. So, never read the passage
first. Always read the question. And
when we say read the question, I'm not
asking you to read all the questions at
once. You should read only one question
at a time. So, you can write down the
steps. Step one is to always read the
instructions.
Okay. Um step two is to read the
question.
After that comes step three. In step
three after you have read the um so we
have a third step. When in this third
step we kind of manipulate the statement
or the question whatever is mentioned
here because we can't just read it and
just go to the passage. We manipulate.
So that what is this manipulation?
That's the most important part you need
to understand. When I explain it to you,
write down the notes. That's the most
important part. We'll go in detail about
this. After this in step four, we go to
the passage. So again, let's just
quickly get it clear. Step one are the
instructions. Step two is the question
reading. Step three is the manipulation
of the question. Step four is going to
the passage above reading that area.
Step five is coming back to the question
connecting with the passage and bringing
the answer out. That's the whole
structure that we have right now. What
is this manipulation part? Other things
you understood that go to the passage,
read it and find out the manipulation
part is what we need to get into detail
and we're going to get it. So let's take
one question to understand what is
manipulation and how we going to
understand the question and remember the
question as well.
What happens is when we read a question,
we read it from two different
perspectives. One is to understand the
question and second is to find the
answer. So always start with the first
one that we want to understand the
question first. Okay. Fine. What do we
understand from the question even that
we have multiple things to understand.
Let's go in detail now. The first one is
keywords or key phrases.
Keywords or key phrases that we have in
a sentence. I think there should be a
a gap never mind then apart from that we
have something called scanning then we
have skimming then we have reading and
finally prediction so I'm just writing
in short scan skim read and predict and
keyword indication now what are these
things what I'm talking about right with
these there are many things about you
know I'm I'm talking about let's try to
understand that what is the meaning of a
keyword or a keyphrase in a statement by
the
just a general meaning by I mean what do
you think when it comes to normal
searching or normal word meaning of
keyword because that is that gives the
gist of the sentence in ISEL that is not
the correct meaning the correct meaning
or correct definition you can say that
is a word that helps you to figure out
where my answer might be in the passage
yes there will be synonyms sorry for
sure but basically we are looking for
something which helps me to figure out
where my answer might be. Okay, let's
understand what I mean by that. So if I
write here Sam will be late for the
meeting. Fine.
Out of these words there is a word
called Sam. The chances no chances there
is no chance that they can have a
synonym of word Sam. They cannot have
it. So they'll provide it as it is. Now
finding Sam would be much much easier
compared to meeting right.
So always keep something called unique
words or unique numbers as keyword
either unique words or numbers as
keywords because they will help you to
figure out where in the passage do I
have um the answer. But there's a
problem. We don't have any specific
word. We don't have any unique word
here. What are we going to do in this
situation? Well, for that we have to
find out certain extra steps to figure
out what is a good keyword which helps
us to figure out the answer area. Not
the answer, answer area.
So how do we figure out when we don't
have any specific word such as name,
number or any title? We don't have it
here. In that case, look at the all the
questions. Just look within 10 to 20
seconds, you will get the idea which
word is repeated the most. Which word is
repeated the most in all these six
questions. employee, staff, employee. So
basically the passage might be about
employees or something about employees.
We cannot keep it as a good keyword
because it's everywhere. How can we
figure out it is unique? No, it's not.
Apart from employees,
time period. Okay, time period is
mentioned here. Time period is mentioned
here. Time period. Okay, you're right.
Maybe time period, right?
So we cannot take time word as it is as
well as employee word as it is as a
keyword. Then what is left? What is left
in the sentence is work regular hours,
isn't it? That's left. That could be
considered a good keyword. But there's a
problem with this. Now, whenever there's
a keyword and there is any negative word
connected to your keyword, keep it with
it. What do I mean by that? Because
it'll change the meaning. Not to work
regular hours. Now, that changes the
meaning completely. To work regular
hours is 9 to5.
not to work or choose not to work
regular hours. They can work anytime. So
this changes the meaning to anytime they
want. Basically remember that there's
negation. This will be very important.
Multiple questions they put in they add
negation a little bit and then they say
this is the statement. Try to find the
answer. We forget the negation and now
we have an issue. Multiple time you will
face this problem. Okay. Do not leave
negation ever. If it is connected to the
keyword, if it is randomly lying
somewhere, we don't care, right? So, not
to choose, not to work regular hours is
our keyword. Now, we can move to the
next one. Okay. What is scanning then?
Scanning is basically to search the
keyword in the passage. We are using the
word search, not read. Search the
keyword in the passage. And when we are
searching the keyword in the passage,
there are three types of searches. Okay?
Please write it down. Fine.
There are three types of searches. First
one is the most easiest. You can say
that the easiest one, not most easiest,
the most easy and and that one is
directly a specific word. For example, a
name, a number. You will see that and
you'll say, "Oh, this is where it is."
But for now, I'm just going to use a
random word and you have to tell me
which sentence it is in. Okay? That
specific word. So, where do you see the
word retronasal?
This is called specific searching or
synonym or not synonym non synonymous
searching or you can say unique
searching but not necessarily you will
get this opportunity most of the time it
will be searching for a synonym or
paraphrase version of that phrase right
kind of difference phrase instead of
that so what if I say um to figure out
uh smells from outside source where do
you See that
detect external smells. Exactly. Because
figure out is detect external is from
outside source. Smell is smell. Right.
Okay. One more. Latest and known tastes.
Latest and known tastes.
Where do you see it?
New and familiar flavors. New is latest,
familiar is known. Exactly. That's good.
Same way the third type is not about
phrases. They completely convert full
sentence into a phrase and they ask you
in the in the question somewhere they
place it. For example, if you look at
one of the paragraphs, there is a
statement that can be summarized with
the phrase I'm I'm going to tell you.
Professions working on smell.
Do you see the sentence somewhere?
Working out the role of smell is in
flavor interest food in food scientists,
psychologists and cook alike. So you can
they can do that they can write that
right. So we our responsibility is to
understand what are they asking you know
from us basically and we should be able
to answer that by using this scanning
technique. Now I have a question. When
you were listening for all this, did you
understand anything in the passage?
What's happening apart from that word?
More or less like one two or one or two%
I guess that's it. Okay. The reason is
you don't need to you don't need to
understand anything in the passage while
scanning. This is the best part because
now you won't be that stressed. You only
understand where my answer might be
present. And that's what we call
scanning. That's why it it takes uh you
know it is there in the process and it
becomes really quick for us to find the
answer. If we read everything in order
to figure out what are we doing we
wasting time right? We are wasting time
and of course energy. Skimming is
something that does that. You know most
of the people on internet most of the
people in books they say that do
skimming instead of scanning. I don't
support it. The reason I don't support
it is you spend time, precious time in
understanding the question, in figuring
out what is the right keyword. And after
doing so, what did you do? You found the
place where the answer might lie. Almost
95% you'll find the answer close to the
keyword. Then why are we doing skimming?
Why are we reading it quickly? Skimming
is reading quickly to understand the
meaning. You're wasting your time.
Chances are that if you're skimming, you
your precision goes down. you will not
find the answer accurately. So what do
we do after scanning? We read properly
those two sentences. For example, we
have a sentence here. Another sentence
starts here, ends here and another
sentence goes continues like this. If my
keyword is present here somewhere, first
of all, I'm going to read the statement.
Chances are that I'll find the answer in
this one. If I do not, I go one sentence
above, one sentence below, and 99% you
find the answer here.
Right? So if you have just we just have
to read three sentences properly. Why
are we doing skimming in there?
Because when you do skimming you go very
fast to understand the meaning and in
doing so you lose the answer and then
again you start from top and this is the
the biggest time wasting reason the
reason to waste the most time in in your
IS reading which is another problem for
reading time. We don't have time much
right finally prediction. What is
prediction? prediction is to determine
what kind of answer am I looking in the
passage. For example, if we say that um
for how long
did the meeting
last? Now in this case you're looking
for duration.
You're looking for duration. That's
called prediction. What are you looking
for in the in this question? What kind
of answer are you looking for?
Time period. Sure.
Which employees may choose not to work
regular hours? Are you looking for time
period? Are you looking for some type of
employees?
>> Yes. Exactly. Because if we say number
of employees, they have to mention how
many employees may choose not to work
regular hours. But if they say which
employees in the sense either type or a
group,
right? When you do this, your your
process is done. There's only one step
left. But that's very important step
which most people don't do and most
people don't even tell you. This
question is written by or created by
Cambridge in their language in their
style. It's not our style of writing.
It's not our style of understanding. So
we convert it into our style how we
work. How do we work? We work with
commands. We work with statements. So I
always try to convert my question into
statements using the prediction keyword
and everything else. So how will the
sentence look like to me? It look like
this. I am looking for
some type
of employees
who or which
um can work anytime
in this case because I'm thinking maybe
it's a group that's why I'm writing
which otherwise no right otherwise I'll
say who that's not maybe there you can
write but yes this is how you should
understand the question instead of this
now you'll remember I'm looking for some
type of employee who or which can work
anytime they want nice now you go to the
passage I'm going to paste the question
here you will see that that statement
will stick to your mind rather than the
question I'm looking for something
rather than that so remember our keyword
first what was our keyword our keyword
was they can work anytime and our
prediction was I'm looking for some type
of employee do you see any of them here
exactly we have two types of employees
mentioned. There are two types of
employees. Number one, we have indoor
staffs and we have then outdoor staff.
Which is the correct time? Out of these
both one one of them is correct. Outdoor
staff. Where have they mentioned they
can work anytime they want? Because
question demanded us to understand that
right. Question said that which
employees can may choose not to work
regular hours. Have they mentioned
anything about
>> indoor staff work full-time? The
standard working week for full-time
council employees 35 hours for indoor
staff and 38 for outdoor staff. They are
not saying worked over 5 days. There's
no information that one of them is good
or bad. Nothing. They're just saying 35
hours for indoor and 38 hours for
outdoor. There is nothing about they can
work anytime or not. There is no
information about that. What they're
stating here is for indoor staff there
are 35 hours. For outdoor staff there
are 38 hours. That's it. Nothing else.
Look at the next sentence.
Indoors are flex time.
>> Yes. Are able to access the benefit of
flexi time and also number of these
occasions work from home when
appropriate and example of an initiative
that can provide flexibility at certain
stage of employees career. Now what
happens? You are at the right place. You
understood the question. You spend so
much time in doing so. And because you
are in a hurry and not even hurry, you
actually connected the idea of the word
35 hours or whatever half idea and you
chose the answer as outdoor stuff. Why?
Because you didn't read the remaining
part,
right? They have not mentioned anything
about flexi time or any they can work
anytime they want. Nothing about that.
But here they have mentioned for indoor
staff and this is how we go wrong. So
answer is indoor staff. Outdoor SA does
not fulfill the condition which is
mentioned in the question. All of you
clear about the first answer.
Right? Good. Now the next question we
should not start reading again from here
for the next question. Right? We should
read from here because till here it's
all about you know indoor staff and
explaining about flexibility of the the
indoor staff. That means probably from
here we should read for the next
question. If we find the answer within
this time within this line, then we
should try start reading from here for
the next question. But because this is
used for this question, we can we can go
to the next uh paragraph itself. So this
is called sequence maintenance, right?
So we go to the next question. Same
thing going to happen. But there's a
problem with the next question. The
first question was teenytiny. Look at
the next question. If I read it, you
will understand it. How much time of
each year is an employee able to to take
to look after relative? Such lengthy
sentence for no reason. It's not even
that difficult. It is created in a way
to create illusion as if it is
difficult. It's not. And why it is not
difficult? Because we're going to break
the sentence into pieces. Certain words
can be converted into phrases easily.
For example,
how much time of each year? Isn't this
about leave
per year?
Leave per year. Let me just clear
leave per year. Okay. Is an employee
able to take? So employee can take
to look after relative to take care.
Very simple. Now you can create your own
sentence. Again we are looking for again
a keyword. Keyword could be relative or
taking care or leave any of them because
employee cannot be good keyword. And a
statement prediction statement could be
I'm looking for duration of leave an
employee can take to take care of
someone. That's it. Instead of such
lengthy statement which is not even what
we generally use, I can say that I'm
looking for leave duration per year
which employee can take to take care of
someone. As simple as that. Now the
question converted into something that
you um you like and you understand.
Right? Now what if the passage size
increases, difficulty increases, what
going to happen? How are we going to
solve it? Should we change our strategy?
No, we're not going to change our
strategy. But we're going to understand
what are we supposed to do. We are
supposed to just get one thing. The
fundamentals will not change. The only
thing that will change is more data.
Fine. What does it mean? Doesn't matter
the size there. Same here. The
fundamentals will stay the same. So I'm
going to show you the passage size. It's
huge. starts over here that you can see
here and it continues like this. Do we
have to change? Nothing. No. But we have
to understand that because there is the
size has is more now the answer will be
hidden. That's it. So we have to be
ready to find the answer. Okay. So look
at the first first of all instruction.
No more than one word. Not even a number
just one word. If you write more than
one word you're incorrect. There's
something very unique in this question.
Luckily if it's not then it's okay. But
luckily we have something unique and
that is quotation marks. What is the
meaning of quotation mark?
Why have they mentioned anything in
single quote? Generally we write
statements right? Whenever we write a
paragraph we have a domain. In this
domain that particular object can be
considered order object. This becomes a
proper noun only for the current
situation.
For example, we take we say let's say
Karthik and I write here, let me write a
statement.
Karthik
uh is a problem solver. Now if I write
like this and I if I write on the top
quotation marks for the complete
paragraph wherever I mention problem
solver I'm spec I'm I'm specifying to
Karthik for this paragraph only for
another paragraph I can name another
person problem solver. So this paragraph
this becomes a proper noun only for this
paragraph. That's why it's not created
as plural. Oh no sorry capitals. If I
write capital here it becomes a proper
noun forever like you know for every
other paragraph. But it's not possible.
It's my domain. So in this domain this
is a proper noun for something.
Do you understand guys?
Right? This particular name is given to
Karthik only for this paragraph. Later
it'll change. That's why we write single
quotes. Okay, good. What does it mean?
Single quotes are your help are your
helpers in your way. That means there is
no synonym like you said Jed as well,
right? There is no chance you will find
synonym of this. That means there a name
for now only. So we'll search order
object directly without thinking about
it. But first we read the question
instead of passage. In what form does
the brain store order object? So we are
looking for a form in which brain can
store order objects. What are order
objects? We don't care. We don't know.
We have to just search what our order
object was. So let's go to the passage
because it is exactly same word. You
will not find a synonym for that. Do you
see order object anywhere? No. Very
nice. Quick reading. Let's do next.
Order object.
Yes. You see specific word because they
were given it a term. Now order objects.
Fine. You won't believe how much you
just read. I'll show you.
This is the power of humans. We don't
know that we read from here to here to
find for information. How long did it
take? 30 seconds.
Can you read this much in 30 seconds?
No, we were not reading even we were
searching. And that's why we never read
initially. We search initially. We read
not just there. We read till here to
find the information. And this happens
sometime in exam that your answer is
lying down there. Generally they provide
quotation marks single quotes I mean not
quotation marks. So you see order object
is mentioned here. Wherever you find
your keyword you read their statement.
Death search if they have mentioned any
form
sorry smell stimuli from what seph
sephers terms order objects stored as
memories and these have a direct link
with our emotions. What is the answer?
Question was in what form does the brain
store order objects?
>> As memories. Yes. Answer is memories.
One word answer required. There you go.
Answer found. It took you only one
minute maximum. Even with us discussing
it took us one minute to find the
answer. Even though the answer is after
one complete page of reading and second
page half reading, we still find the
answer easily. Why? Because we were
focusing on something what we need to
focus on.
Right? So for example when uh you used
to be kids definitely you might have
ridden you know you might have used a
bike not motorbike normal bicycle to
come to home. So you let's say this is
your home and this is your school. You
wanted to come to school. Let's come
home in the afternoon or in the evening.
You didn't care about the shops around
until unless you need to buy something,
right? You for you destination was only
this. What if every uh let's say turn or
every house looks like your house? Now
you're confused.
Now you're confused, right? Should I
take this turn? Should I take that turn?
No. Everything looks unique. And that's
why for you target was this and here
your target was this because of this
targeting you you get it correct. Now
what happens in exam some people make a
mistake in this targeting. That means
they don't know where is my house where
is my particular target. Some people
make a mistake of taking the wrong turn.
They go to the wrong paragraph and try
to find it there. They waste time there.
Some people not just one turn. They take
multiple turns. Now they have spent
almost five minutes for one question.
Right? So these are the mistakes which
you can understand from simple example
like this. If you on the target you will
not take that much time. So exam
creators are experts. they have tested
it by you know solving the question
answer them multiple time and only then
they say oh this can be completed in
this much time even if they um they do
this and that for every um question they
do test such stuff right so I think all
of you understood doesn't matter how
long uh the passage is doesn't matter
how short the passage is if we
understand the fundamentals we can
easily find the answer
but try not to read the passage first
until unless I tell you This is the
question type where we have to there are
question types which are weird where you
don't have to even read the question you
will see that there are certain question
types you don't have to read the
question you have to read something else
opposite you come to the question at the
end so strategies are always different
for every question type and if you don't
apply the strategy nothing going to
happen you will be finding the answer
for sure in the end but with what with
uh the prize of time and when you think
about it how many questions do we have
we have total 40 questions questions and
how much 60 minutes. Fine. How much time
do you think we should spend on one
question?
1 minute 30 seconds, right? But we need
extra time to also move the answer into
answer sheet first. We do in the rough,
right? So, we can remove 20 seconds from
each or 15. 1 minute 15 seconds maximum
we can spend on each question. And what
if you're getting stuck somewhere in
between? What going to happen then?
in the end you get trouble right so time
management is the biggest problem in
reading number one number two every
question type will have um something
called time buffer or time allowance for
example this question type definitely
can be completed within 1 minute itself
but there's a question type called true
false not given or MCQs or matching
heading I can say that go with even 2
minutes in matching heading 2.5 minute
as well I don't mind it because there is
a benefit of doing that question type
right so that's that's the point here
right so there a question is smell
stimuli form what sephert's term now
what's the point here is smell stimuli
forms something it is not stored in any
form please understand there are two
words for the word form one word is a
verb one is a noun
okay
what is the solid form of water
ice. So what is that word form in there?
A noun,
right? Solid form of ice. But what about
this one? Something forms or something
form what? This thing. So this form is a
is a verb. So understand from that
perspective something is forming and
that term is used this. But this stored
this particular thing is stored as
memories. when they say stored as
memories in the sense in the form of
memories
right so that's how we understand from
the question using the reference if you
see this is how they play the game
honestly one more thing I would like to
tell you if there's a word mentioned
there and you feel oh I I think this is
the answer but because they have used
exact word 90% of the people go wrong in
this case majority of the people because
they see oh their word word is mentioned
there must be the correct answer no they
are putting there on purpose to lure you
towards the incorrect answer. We should
never do that. We should never be lured
towards such uh statements. Right? Okay.
Reading multiple choice questions. Now
in MCQs like we did in the case of
listening there were multiple types you
know two sentence types or three
sentence type two types of MCQs. Even in
uh reading we have multiple types of
MCQs right? What are those types? We
don't have multiple types of MCQs. We
have uh multiple uh sentence types in in
MCQs. Let's understand that. Okay. So
you can see that structure is same. We
have passage on the top and we can see
questions below. In listening you saw
one question and three options always in
listening. Okay. One question, three
options. Here one question or a
statement and four options always.
Sometimes they can have more than four
and that is only when they're looking
for more than one answer. For example,
they're only looking for choose the
correct answer out of these. Okay. But
sometimes they want to ask um please
search for two answers correct out of
these five options. There is also MCQ.
We'll discuss that at the end. But if it
is normal MCQ where one answer is
required, this is normal type
and only four options will be there. Now
how do we solve this question type?
Right? First of all like I said there
are two types of statements that you
have and that if you understand your
MCQs will be very easy. Now what is this
this strategy called multiple statement
types. Okay.
If I say one statement or one question
is predictable
one one statement is predictable. Let's
see what it means. That's the most
important thing in MCUs. Most people
don't get it but it is important. So if
I say that
um
I am
working on this project
because okay fine and if I write this I
am out of these statements which one can
I predict the answer which one can I
cannot the first one or second one?
Second one is unpredictable right? So
why am I telling you what is
unpredictable? Look in this case I can
guess that we are looking for a reason
and I can even give a reason random
reason. Let's say um I'm working on this
project because I get paid for that.
Okay.
Fine. Now in this case in the the case
below I am not as good as my
subordinates. I am a good teacher. I'm
um not well today. So multiple themes
are possible. It could be a reason and
it could be um a comparison. It could be
anything. So for example, I am not
working because this. So if this is the
case when we cannot predict the answer
in one word that is called
unpredictable. Here we know that we are
looking for a reason. Here we don't know
what we are looking for. Reason,
comparison,
anything is possible. Now this kind of
com this kind of uh separation if
understood things will become easy in
the case of reading. Look at this one.
The writer suggests that Marshall's
discovery came at a good time for the US
because now is this predictable.
It is predictable because we have the
word because
we're looking for a reason for
something. What was the reaction in 1848
to the news of discovery of gold? Is
this predictable? No. Okay. Don't you
think I can also like I did in the case
I'm looking for a reason. I can say I'm
looking for a reaction
maybe. Yes, we can look for a reaction.
What was the result of thousands of
people moving to California? Is this
predictable? We looking for results.
What does the writer say about using pen
and rockers to find gold? Is this
predictable?
Suggestion. Okay, that's good. We are
looking for a suggestion. Now, this
suggestion can be anything.
Please understand that there is a
difference between looking for a result
and looking for a suggestion. What I
mean by that is we are looking for a
particular result for this particular
thing. That means people moved out. We
are looking for result for that. We are
looking for a reaction for this
particular situation. We're looking for
reason for this particular situation.
Here what are they saying is above we
have some information about pens and
rockers. Please tell us which R of these
statement is true from the above
passage. That's what they're saying.
Okay. So what does the writer say about
using pens and rockers in the sense
whenever the question whenever the
question says you can also say that it
is unpredictable. Whenever the question
says anything about using something or
using this or anything about any topic
this becomes not predictable. Now let's
understand from a another perspective.
What does the writer say about coffee?
Okay. What does the writer say about
pen? What does the writer say about
having online sessions? Okay. Let's say
these kind of questions are
unpredictable.
Right? So if they say pens okay pens and
rockers are now if they leave their
question empty that is also
unpredictable because we don't know what
does the writer say about this is
unpredictable. Any question which says
that what does the writer say about
this? What if they change the question
like this? Writer says that pens and
rockers are really good uh techniques
because as soon as they add because it
becomes predictable because it's a
reason when it is predictable when you
know for sure you're looking for a
reason or reaction or result or location
whatever it is if it is set we what we
are searching for it's very easy. Okay
it's very easy. Why? So in step one you
first of all read the question one
question at a time. Don't read the
passage first. Second thing don't read
the options first. They are useless. You
won't remember this much.
Some people do that they read all the
options and feel that oh I'll get some
idea. No you won't get some idea. You
will get literally confused more than
getting idea. So only read the question
and not read the option. In the question
you have a possibility of finding two
types of uh details. Number one is
called because it is predictable. How
and what is the prediction? Okay, let's
see what is the prediction. Second, we
are looking for keyword if possible.
Keyword if possible because it helps you
figure out the answer in the passage.
And if possible, I mean proper noun. It
cannot be um common noun per se. So we
have here Marshall's discovery because a
name and the US as a keyword because
it's a name. So keyword could be used
this way. What about prediction?
Prediction cannot be just saying oh it's
a reason. No, just say in your head or
write it in your notes. What are we
looking for? Reason in detail. What was
the reason for us to have a good time
and Marshall discovery came?
How was US having good time because
Marshall because of Marshall discovery.
So basically we have a connection
between Marshall's discovery and US
having a good time. That's what they're
saying. What is the reason for this?
What was the reason? That's what they're
asking. Why would we read when we have
no idea? So elimination method used to
work earlier in the sense when we used
to study in school. So what what they
used to do is some of the options were
absurd. Absurd in the sense it's for
sure it's useless. So we remove it,
right? It's of no use. But here we can
rely only on the passage above. Every
reason looks valid, right? We don't know
that for sure. So what do we do after we
understand Marshall discovery and us? we
have to find and we are looking for the
reason between them to have a good time
and its discovery. We go to the passage
we try to find this information and
remember that question is more important
than the options. So you search in the
passage. Do you see Marshall's discovery
in the US anywhere?
So we'll read that because Marshall
Marshall was Marshall found gold in here
and they said Marshall discovery the
treaty of G whatever the name is was
signed and because of this treaty the
MexicanAmerican war ended and because of
the end they transfer California with
full of this into the ownership of
United States and at the time at the
time the population of this area
consisted of these many Californians and
these many foreigners and 150,000 Native
Americans. So we'll do one thing. All of
you found the area. But there are
multiple reasons what Jun Juned has
mentioned. Now you can say there are
multiple reasons they have mentioned in
the passage not in the question. So what
are we going to do? We going to go to
the question and I would ask you which
one out of these is the correct answer
out of these possible reasons they have
mentioned. Right. So let me just uh
Okay, there we go. It's readable now.
MexicanAmerican war was ending is
mentioned but men needing work both of
you found perfectly good that means men
needing work was not mentioned in the
passage we don't need it that means this
op option cannot be selected D is the
correct answer because yes the region
which is California was about to come
under the control of US and how was this
good time for us because this California
was full of mineral deposits
so it's beneficial for us why would they
let it Go. That's the correct answer.
Okay, next one. Right. What was the
result of thousands of people moving to
California? So again, we do we're going
to do the same thing. Ignore the
options. Read the question. What is the
keyword here?
California.
Keyword is California. That's a name,
right? Or people moving to California.
Okay. Now comes your prediction.
prediction or you know in this case
predictability is because of we're
looking for result of some people moving
or many people moving to California what
was the result of this particular
phenomenon what happened because of this
basically what what they that's what
they're asking right so we'll copy the
question go to the passage search where
are they discussing about California
people moving and what is the result for
that let's go above last answer we found
in this paragraph so I don't think there
are anything result we go to the next
paragraph if possible
And if you notice that in the question
they have also mentioned
uh
oh we skipped one question here
jump to this one never mind we'll go to
the previous one it's okay I mean we'll
go to the this one which we have read so
maybe here somewhere do you see anything
people moving to California
so
where have they mentioned People are
moving to California. So thousands of
people around United States borrowed
money, bought case their property, spend
their life savings to make hardest
journey to California. It's difficult
journey to California. And what was the
result of that? What happened because of
this journey?
So you all of you read some things you
remember that what was the result of
people moving to California? Is there
any reason mentioned here? So answer is
C in that case.
So basically what did they do? They
actually left everyone to get gold
in pursuit of the kind of wealth they
had never dreamt of. They left their
families and uh and local areas. In turn
their and once they left their wives
have nothing to do and they had no
option. So they did what? They took the
responsibilities such as running farms
or businesses and many made the year
successful. They were successful. So
basically men left and whoever so was
left they had to do according to that
time weird jobs now everyone is equally
here so now they are doing this so
that's why C is the correct answer some
of those who stayed behind had to take
unexpected roads
yes C is the correct answer now if you
chose Ds were established which became
good place to live if you go below a
little bit they have mentioned
the overcrowded chaos of the mining
camps and the towns grew more lawless
even more lawless.
So what happened to the town? They were
not good places to live. They became
chaotic places to live.
Right? So that cannot be the correct
answer. So wherever you choose an
option, you have to do two things after
even while choosing the option. Number
one, confirm every phrase in the option.
Number two, connect the option with the
question. Sometime we just choose an
option which is available in the
passage. Oh, I saw something. I'm I'm
going to choose that. No, we're looking
for what happened as a result of what
was the result of people moving to
California. That was not the result
basically. Then it is not it is not
correct answer. This is not correct. Not
because it's not mentioned. It is
mentioned but because they didn't become
good place to live. B cannot be correct
because they didn't get money. They were
just dreaming of getting that money. And
how is that a result? It's not a result.
It's something else. So that cannot be
true again. So watch out for the options
and think about the connection between
the passage and the answer first second
and try to connect every phrase you can.
Okay, that's that's important. That's
really important. Sometime one word can
change the answer. Uh look at the
previous one. I mean we messed up the
sequence but it's okay. We'll go to the
above p paragraphs because we um we
didn't read it this time. What was the
reaction in 1848 to the news of
discovery of code? What is the key word
here by the way?
1848.
Isn't this because think about it. Can
you find a synonym of 1848?
>> It's a number.
>> It's a number. You cannot find maybe
maybe they have what the worst they can
do. They can write it in words which is
very rare numbers to be written like
that.
>> Now in 1848 what happened? What is a
prediction? We are looking for reaction
of people because of news of discovery
of gold. What happened as soon as they
find found gold in 1848? What were how
did people react? That's what they're
asking, right? And if you go to the
passage,
uh let me copy the question to the
passage uh to the sample. And the last
answer we found was here. So we go above
because we don't know, we didn't check
the sequence because second question we
skipped. Do you see any 1848 there?
Mid-March 1848. Anything mentioned about
uh gold, discovery gold, discovery of
gold? The initial reaction was
disbelief. Okay, let's go to the
options. Any option talking about
disbelief?
The option says people needed to see
physical evidence before they took it
seriously.
Okay, let's see. Let's read it. We are
guessing it, right? Okay. Though the
initial reaction in San Francisco were
disbelief, storekeeper Sam Brandon set
off a frenzy when he paraded through
town displaying a small bottle
containing gold from Sutter Creek. And
by mid June, some 3/4 of male population
of San Francisco had left town for the
gold mines and the number of miners in
the area reached 4,000 by August. So
what are they saying here? They're
saying that initially nobody believed
later they did and by mid June these
this much population was there. They
left the town to find gold. This is what
the information is which I feel where
the answer might be present. Okay, let's
just assume that and we go to that area
and we see which option could be
correct. Now,
okay, now you can read from here.
Now, if you remember the first word that
made you think, let's go to the option.
Isn't it going against P? Okay, let's
say they they were having disbelief and
they didn't go there. Let's say if they
write like this and next statement says
that um and eventually many people came
and us came first that could be answer D
then we don't know that if we do it
without with our perception 50% of the
answers will be incorrect
we cannot do that right so yes they
disbelieve but look at the next
statement what did they write the
problem is that the word they have used
what have they used they have used a
nice word called frenzy so the statement
it says Yeah, nobody believed initially.
That's why immediately it's not
possible. Storekeeper Sam Brennan set
off a frenzy. That means he created a
craze. These days we call it things
going viral. So he set off a frenzy when
he took a small bottle of containing you
know small world containing gold and he
parided through the town showing it. So
let's say if I tell you guys there is a
place where you can take your phone and
get a new phone instantly upgrade your
phone for free and there's a place
called XY Z you would say ah Sam this is
just a joke and what if I show you a
video I'm doing it you would go crazy
that means you I will set up a frenzy of
you guys going to that place right
that's what he did he showed the gold in
a bottle and he said look so much gold
and they they kept running them so
people needed to say their evidence
before they took it seriously ly
immediately not possible. Nothing about
miners going first from US press was not
that important either. Especially when
it comes to reaction, no. So yes, that
is C. Correct answer. You guessed it.
But guessing will not be a good idea.
Explanation is important. Right? Now
when it comes to such questions which is
which are unpredictable, now comes a
problem. The problem is how to solve it
because I I'll tell you when it comes to
unpredictable, please don't read the
options either. Number one. Number two,
we don't we read the question but we
only underline initially what the topic
is in the statement. In this case, the
topics are two pen rockers or pen and
rockers. Let's write it one pen and
rockers. Okay, pens and rockers are the
topic because the question says what
does the writer say about using this? So
we are having pens and rockers or using
pens and rockers basically as the topic.
Always underline the topic when it comes
to unpredictable. If you write, if you
take notes, it'll be better. So, step
one is to figure out where have they
mentioned pens and rockers first because
let's say there are 50 sentences about
pens and rockers. Out of these 50
sentences, only one will be found in
here.
So, first we search the topic in the
passage. And what do we search? We don't
we're not searching for answer yet. We
are searching for the topic and how many
uh paragraphs you will see pens and
rockers. Remember that. Okay. Let's go
above. Okay. If you notice that last
answer we found over here. So we start
reading over here. Last answer we found
right this business and and all those
things. Do you see pens and rockets
here?
No.
Pens and rockers in D. We we are not
reading anything. We're just figuring
out if this paragraph is required for us
because we the question is what does the
writer say about pens and rockers? Now
it could be could be anywhere in this
paragraph. Anything about pens and
rockers here? We have the pen, rocker,
everything is mentioned, right? Okay.
Next. Do we have pens and rockers here?
We have it. Okay. Anything about pens
and rockers here?
Okay. What about F?
No,
nothing here, right? Nothing here. Okay.
As soon as it stops you know existing
the pens and rockers you have a look.
Okay, we have to read from here to here
and remember everything to figure out
the answer. D paragraph has an op has an
has a statement called gold panning and
about miners and about skills there's an
option called uh pen is the best system
for novice miners to use which is about
skills. Can that be not correct? Now my
point is what if see pans were the best
system for novice miners to use
>> and that means pens were the best for
novice in the sense new miners. Right?
Now if you go to the passage they have
mentioned which is uh panning was slow
even for the most skillful miners
because opposite is mentioned. You can
remove this information for sure. I mean
that option.
What if one word was opposite? What if
they say that pens were the fastest for
every minor let's say for even the basic
minors or the noise minors this would be
correct and our assumption of only
reading that particular paragraph which
has both pens and rockers would go
wrong.
I hope you understand that means they
are providing information from the
previous paragraphs as well and they
would do that in an unpredictable they
do that they provide you at least two to
three paragraphs in information not
always 50% of the time 50% they only one
or two sentences about that in that case
you can read that quickly so for example
from here to here gold and uh penning
and and rocking and you can read that
and you can figure it out and go to the
option but because here they have
mentioned this you never Oh right. So
look at the first option itself. Okay.
Both methods required the addition of
mercury. This particular method both
methods required not just one. So what
do we have to do? We have to search from
beginning now in D. Do we have that
metal's name? That's what we need to
search
not just for panic. We have to search
the metal's name here. And I don't think
it's in there in D. Anything about
mercury? Do we have it in this part?
No, we don't have it. Do we have it in
this part?
Yeah, some miners added a small amount
of mercury to the bottom of the rocker.
Is it in both or one?
One. So, this option can be removed.
Both methods gone. A rocker needed more
than one minor to operate it. Now,
rocker is mentioned not in just E. It's
mentioned in D as well.
I mean sorry in mentioned in E first
part as well because it is about rocker
record could be mentioned. Right.
And where are they discussing about how
many miners are required?
They have mentioned somewhere about
miners and how many are required.
Look, they have mentioned a single minor
could press more dirt and and rock with
than with a pen. That means with a
rocker they can do more a single minor
than a penner than a penning guy. But
nothing about it requires more. So this
can option can be removed that a rocker
needed more than one minor. A single
minor can do a lot of work. So panning
and rocking is not exactly I mean I have
complete idea but I have some idea. So
what do they do? They go to reverse
right and in reverse they actually take
um the sand in some kind of uh um seve
se which which you pass through some of
the material and then they keep shaking.
when they keep shaking uh gold stays on
the top and rest of the things can be
removed that's called basically uh
rocking so you keep rocking they're
moving that's how they find gold rocking
I have seen uh one of the videos u I
mean in in discovery or something one
second uh rocking to find gold you can
see see on internet I mean yeah this way
look so they use this seieve to collect
a lot of sand and they keep moving
And when they move it they some of what
is left is the is the the gold basically
you you can see the videos right. So
also find gold from rivers. You can you
can even find it from rivers close to
you. I mean close to your house. You can
do that. Look this is how they do it.
They keep moving it.
Oh this is panning. Sorry that's not
rocking. My bad. This is panning. Look.
Gold panning. And then they keep moving
it and until they they see something
different and they find a lot of gold
actually per day like this. So what are
they saying here that rockers needed
more than not necessarily pen was the
best system we have already found that
and therefore found in the first
paragraph that is D and it is opposite
information mentioned gold penning was
slow even for the most skillful miners
opposite so we cannot that means answer
is D.
Miners had to find a way around a design
fault in one system. Now which one
system had they had a problem and which
one system they found a solution maybe
it's in D maybe it's in E but I can show
you directly they have mentioned that
there was a problem while using rockers
and they had difficulty in trapping gold
or this is smallest particle of gold
known as fl miners added small amount of
mercury to at the bottom of the rocker
which is how they found gold. So all of
you did see that when it comes to
unpredictable question type finding
answer is difficult but not difficult I
would say that time consuming because
first of all you have to figure out pens
and rockers where are they mentioned
then we have to search each and every
option in the passage until unless you
find the answer
there's no other method that works
because you cannot read from top to
bottom and choose one par uh an option
you will try that and you will see that
is reading matching heading heading now
This question type is very unique. The
reason is it has lot of exceptions. So
exception number one earlier we have be
we keep so this is what I'm talking
about reading by the way. So please pay
attention uh from that perspective.
Every time I said sequence is maintained
in every question. So for example first
question if found in the second
paragraph the second question cannot be
found in the first paragraph. So here
sequent is not maintained first
every time I said normally that please
read the question first. Okay, read the
question first. Here we don't have any
big question. So this is also not
fulfilled here. Right. Number three, you
have to read quickly, scan quickly,
everything is quickly. So you have
everything quick here. No, you have to
read as slow as possible. Every rule is
broken here because this question type
will require that. If you do not do that
in matching heading, there is no chance
you'll be clearing or getting the
answer.
And yes, you are allowed to spend 2
minutes per question in this case. This
is such unique question type where you
allowed to do so much and still you're
fine, right? Why why is that the case?
You will see that eventually and slowly.
So what happens in matching heading,
right?
In matching heading you will get a b c d
whatever e till whatever number they
gave you paragraphs. Now in the
paragraph you are supposed to write the
title of the paragraph. For example,
whatever the title they have given us in
options, you're supposed to provide the
title of that particular paragraph. Let
me open one of the examples so that you
can understand that. So this is the
paragraph that I'm talking about. Okay.
Initially the title is A B C D
E F and like titles like this and below
you have some headings list of headings
like this one till 9 and paragraph A
paragraph B C like this right we are
supposed to provide a title for each
paragraph paragraph A B C D whatever it
is right so you can see question there
is nothing there is just this options we
don't read
Generally we read the options first,
right? Or the question first. No, we
don't read them. We read the paragraph
in this case. This is really weird, but
it is important. Okay. Now, how do we
solve this question type? This is the
this is the whole thing. Each paragraph
has to be given a title out of these
possible um headings or options, right?
You can say that list of headings. Every
time the number of questions that we
have, the number of list of headings
will be more.
So let's say we have six questions A B C
D paragraph now name I'm telling you E
and F let's say then the number of
headings will be definitely 7 8 or 9 or
10 sometime so you can see here we have
only how much six questions I guess I
believe yeah six questions and nine
headings
right so this is always the case
how do we solve this question type there
are two uh layers of understanding this
right how what are those two layers
So the first layer is understanding it
from the basic perspective and then
we'll go into advanced perspective. Any
software or anything you use when you
say basic perspective you understand
these are the um bird eye view that I'll
be doing this first of all right but
when you go inside details about that
you will see oh there are so many more
steps. So what is the basic thing right?
Basic
basic steps. So the step one is to go to
the questions and check what is this
paragraph they're asking for sometime
what do they do they leave the paragraph
for example paragraph A they don't want
the answer for that they want directly
with start with B or they don't want B
in between they go want to go with C
directly A or B they skip check which
paragraph it is it is paragraph A great
paragraph A it is then you do one thing
you go up or wherever you have to Go to
the paragraph A. Go to that paragraph.
Read that paragraph from top to bottom.
Understand that paragraph properly. Then
you go to the options that is 1 till 9
and see which option is correct.
Right? Wonderful. You found the answer.
Let's say then you go to see oh which
paragraph is important? B. You go to
paragraph B. Read that particular
paragraph from top to bottom. each and
every sentence. I know internet is full
of advices which is okay read the first
sentence and the last sentence
you'll get some idea well this doesn't
make sense because when you do that the
the context of the paragraph is not
clear so please don't listen to the
internet advices which you know which
really give you useless and deceiving
advices because they want views in the
end they want views and they want to be
like oh we are unique we are different
but those advices will lead to problems
So do not listen to them.
So what do we do? How do we get this?
Okay, basic told you read which question
it is, understand the paragraph and go
to the option and choose it. Very
simple. I think all of you knew this,
right? Just why are you telling us what
we already knew? Problem is in
understanding the paragraph. And why is
that a problem? Because we do not read
much these days, right? So person who
reads a lot let's say books or articles
or anything they have this comprehensive
power comprehensive power in the sense
when they uh read let's say three
sentences or four sentences even they
can understand them they connect with
them they can easily find the meaning of
it after they connect with it but the
person who does not read much for them
even one sentence or two sentences is
difficult to connect so we need to think
from a basic perspective that let's say
you have no idea how to understand a
paragraph even from the perspective of
three sentences or two sentences. So we
go we get a method according to which we
only understand one sentence at a time
and then we move on. So along with that
of course we have other steps. Now
instead of doing anything else we're
going to understand a method using which
you will get the meaning of any
paragraph in detail in such a way that
you can provide a title to that right
along with that we have some also some
strategies using which you can choose
the right uh title even if you go for
the wrong title you will be poked by
yourself like what am I doing this is
wrong what I'm doing right so we need to
see that we need to see that what is
that method
That method is called connecting method.
Every sentence that we have has some
connection. That's why it's called a
paragraph. Right? It won't be a
paragraph otherwise because if they
write in single point separately that
means they are independent. But here
they are writing one paragraph. That
means one concept is discussed. What is
that con concept? So we need to do one
thing. Let's take one paragraph at a
time. Right now we'll do two paragraphs
just to understand how the method works.
First of all the method. what it is.
Let's take this particular paragraph and
you can start writing notes if you want
to. So we have multiple steps here.
We'll start with step one. Okay. When we
read the paragraph, step one is to
assume
assume that only step uh only sentence
one exists. Okay, I'll explain.
In this case, we have a sentence. At
first sight, it looked like typical
suburban road accident. Okay, fine.
Let's assume only this particular
sentence exists. Only this one. Fine.
What does it mean based on this
sentence? What do you think is the
title? We are creating a base of
understanding of that particular
paragraph. At first sight, it look like
typical suburban road accident. Right?
That means they're going to talk about
probably about typical road accident or
road accident or suburban road accident.
either either of these things probably
right all of you agree with this so far
or all of you understand the method so
far with the step one
>> yeah okay
but that's not the case right we don't
have just sentence one we have multiple
sentences so what what do we do we go to
step two
in step two we connect sentence n
with sentence n + one is sentence n +
One n of course is question number n is
always one when it comes above we have
written one we take this now it becomes
sentence one connected to sentence two
once we do this if it is done we go to
sentence two connect with three three
with four so we keep connecting right so
how is sentence one connected to two
there are only three possibilities three
ways to connect sentences let's read the
sentence first okay a land rover
approach approached a Chevy Tahoe estate
car that had stopped at a curb. The Land
Rover pulled out and tried to pass the
Tahoe just as it started off again. Now
without without telling you what are
these connections readings this way is
just you know data there is no
connection there is no understanding
there is no knowledge it's just data
lying there right what are those three
connections that we have between the
sentences here let's write those
connections here number one
whatever the theme was they talking
about the theme whatever the theme there
was let me just clear it first of all
same theme they kept the same thing for
example they were talking about road
accident they continued with the road
accident. They're talking about the same
road accident. So the first thing is the
ex same theme. Second is they changed
the theme. What do they change? They
change the theme. So let's say they have
road accident suddenly they started
talking about rocket science or
computers or lighting or whatever.
Whatever it is, we don't know. They
change the theme. Right? Second one. And
third is contrasting.
contrasting in the sense
yes there was a road accident but it
wasn't really true it was fake let's say
so contrasting will always start with
but yet um however instead of whatever
you have uh these words whatever words
they want to use they can use right when
you see any of these connections present
you will keep understanding the
paragraph from that perspective let's
see now the paragraph okay I'll explain
initially we saw that was about road
accident. A Land Rover approached a
Chevy Tahoe estate car. So what are they
saying here? There was a car parked
called There was Chevrolet. That's the
short name of Chevrolet. Chevy Tahoe car
was parked there. Another car was just
trying to reach there and suddenly
another one just started. So what are
they saying here? They are saying that
how did the accident take place? What
was the whole situation when this all
happened? So basically they're talking
about accident that means they are
talking about the same theme.
See the Land Rover pulled out and tried
to pass the Tahoe just as it started off
again. This it was about to start the
second one got into it right this so
that is how this didn't happen probably
right then we go to sentence two to
sentence three. So far we understood it
right? Let's do it. There was a crack of
fenders and the sound of paintwork being
scrapped. The kind of minor mishap that
occurs on the road thousands of time
every day. Out of these connections 1,
two, and three, tell me which one is it?
Is it the same or did they change it or
is it contrast? See, so they're talking
about kind of sounds and you know kind
of after method you can say that after
accident what happens? They're
explaining this. So basically this is
all about accidents. Next connection.
Normally drivers get out a gasulate
exchange on his detail and then drive
off. I think still they're talking about
accidents. What happens in accidents?
Right. So far what we are getting is
this paragraph is probably about
accidents. Right? Okay. Then we have a
statement called but not on this
occasion. Nice. This is good. Now we
have something different. What is it?
Which connection is this? When we read
is change same or contrast but
the end. But now what is the meaning of
contrast? Please try to understand when
we read half of the time what do we do?
We tend to understand the remaining or
the coming sentence by just a hint of
word but. You will see that. Okay. I
I'll prove it to you. Okay.
I worked sorry
so hard
for my test
but now how can you how can you fill
this
any any possible sentence but I couldn't
succeed but I didn't get good marks but
I failed whatever it is so without any
sentence you're creating a sentence by
because we have some reference now we
have but we can see that what what is
going to happen isn't same what going to
happen here
they said that but not on this occasion
what didn't happen on this occasion that
drivers earlier they say drivers get out
and did this earlier they used to do
that but not on this occasion since
nobody got out and they have mentioned
that no one got out of the car but for
the simple reason that they had no
humans inside them the Tahoe and the
Land Rover being controlled by computer
were competing in November starpa urban
challenge great now there is a change in
the theme. So three of them are present.
You see there's a change in the theme.
They change from car accident to
computers or robot cars, right? So
they're changing the theme. And I hope
all of you are seeing the difference
between connection which is same. There
is a change and there is a contrast.
Three of them are present here. Great.
Now after this what do we understand? We
just read it. We found the connection.
It's all disjointed. No, it's not.
Actually you understood a lot. Let me
just draw a line here.
When you draw a line you draw till
whenever things say same. If you started
from here you started understanding here
till this point. Okay we were saying
that everything is same. Let's say here
till here it was accident
normal accident. Here something changed
that is but that means contrasting but
there was something different or but
nobody got out. And here they have
mentioned the reason for why it was
different. Isn't it? It was different
because it was controlled by computers.
Right? Here they have mentioned it was
normal accident. Here they have
mentioned this didn't happen in this
occasion which was normal accident. And
here they have mentioned reason.
According to you what should be the
title now? Self-driven cars. Anything
else? Driverless cars. Okay. Wonderful.
Let's let's try one more. Okay. Let's
try one more. What another paragraph so
that we can all understand what I'm talk
trying to talk about. The idea that
machines could perform to such standards
is startling.
What is the meaning of this sentence?
First sentence is very important. We
have to understand that
author is impressed by the performance
of machines because he or she is saying
that machines could perform to such
standards and that is startling for the
author because startling in the sense
amusing or surprisingly or happy
basically happy surprise in you can say
that right startling they're startled
they are stopped and in awe. So they're
saying that how can machines perform so
well. That's what they're saying. The
paragraph could be about machines
performance. Okay, great. Let's
continue. Driver driving is an is a
complex task that takes humans a long
time to perfect. Oh, did they change the
paragraph now completely?
First they said that machines are
wonderful. Now they're saying driving is
complex and takes humans long time to
perfect. Some completely different. This
was machines are performing great. Here
driving is complex and takes humans.
Driving and humans were not mentioned
even in the first sentence. They change
the topic. When they change the topic,
they always explain in the coming part.
They always explain in the coming part.
Right?
Driving is a complex task that takes
humans long time to perfect. That means
they are saying that driving is really
crazy and it is very difficult to do for
humans. Right? Before we even read it,
they have mentioned yet here.
Yet here. What is the meaning of yet
here?
Contrasting,
isn't it? They're contrasting
themselves. What are they contrasting?
That driving is a complex task.
When you com when you contrast driving
is a complex task, you are indirectly
saying driving is a easy task for us,
right? Driving is an easy task for us.
So yet here they're going to say
something about driving is easy. And
that's what they did. Yet here each car
has these great things, these features
like onboard digital loaded and digital
route map and routes you know negotiate
busy roads and pedestrian stationary
object differentiation. We have parking
maneuvers and everything
all of them you don't care what have
they written as a list then no nobody
going to ask you about the list because
they care about the full meaning. So
what you understood it is you have to go
through each and every word you're
guessing. Don't guess we have word yet
here. Go opposite of this and then read
it thinking about it. There you go. Easy
understanding. Even if you miss certain
points here and there I didn't read this
part. I didn't read sometimes this part
but I understood it based on guessing
and reading few words here and there.
Okay, this is probably about that. Now
you see what's the meaning here. They
are saying our cars have these features.
That's why for them driving is not
difficult.
Again the first line first sentence came
in action.
Right? If you look at the next sentence
after this, you can easily guess what
what is about to happen. Even more
striking even more even more in the
sense more data about how our cars are
amazing. Even more striking was the fact
that the collision between the Land
Rover because we are understanding the
meaning. We don't care who built it, who
didn't build it. Forget about it. So
basically the the collision between the
Land Rover and the Tahoe was the only
scrape in the entire competition. Learn
to remove extra information. This is
extra information between the two
commas. You always put extra
information. You don't need it. Okay? So
that that's it. So basically what
they're saying is it's not just that
that these cars have these things. There
was this one accident in the whole
competition, right? And next sentence
they again started with yet only three
years earlier.
Earlier they said only one accident and
yet only three years earlier probably
everyone there was no there was no
accident or there were too many
accidents because they have mentioned
contrasting again. Yet only 3 years
earlier at Darpa's previous driverless
car race every robot comparator directed
to navigate across stretch of open
desert either crested or seized up
before getting near the finishing line.
Now if you read the sentence by itself
this is too much information too much to
grasp but if you understand from that
perspective of oh this is about to come
it becomes easy this is this information
is about to be bombarded at you know us
at us we'll understand it because they
have mentioned that this year in the
competition there was only one crash and
yet only 3 years earlier now you can
guess probably there was no crashes or
there were too many crashes and we read
it when we saw So you know all the cars
either crashed or seized up they have
been stopped before reading the
finishing line. Now you see how you can
understand easily using just one or two
words initially and then read it and
confirm it. Oh this is what they are
saying about the whole situation. So
we'll draw the line again. Driving is
amazing. Driving amazing driving is
amazing. Amazing. And in fact in this
competition they were good. 3 years ago
they were not good. That's what they are
saying indirectly. You draw the line and
keep saying the sentence in your head.
Basically, you are creating your own
title like this. Okay, nice. Now, after
this, we go to the possible headings.
Can you choose one heading?
I'll tell you just if you did not get
it.
Last time was the 3 years ago time. 3
years ago, what happened? All the cars
crashed. Significant improvement because
this year only one car crashed. It's a
significant improvement. I improvement,
isn't it? So, this is the correct
answer. every phrase is matching with
what they have mentioned in the in the
paragraph and how do we get it see in
the end if I it's all about time that we
have if I give you instead of let's say
we have 40 questions okay and now we
have only 60 minutes instead of 60
minutes I say that guys you have 120
minutes what are you going to do said ah
Sam now it's very easy what why is it
easy because now you can spend a lot of
time on each question you can spend
let's say 3 minutes 4 minutes on each
question read again and again you get
the answer. Wonderful. It's not about
how much uh time you spend now but
because we have only 60 minutes we don't
have much time for each question. We
have to find a method which is quick and
accurate. That's why this method works
well. It will take you not more than 2
minutes to find answer for each because
we are guessing the remaining sentence
and reading it roughly based on the
first phrase or first word of that
sentence. Yet, though, although,
however, and then we have something like
even more or something like this. There
will always be some sentence which some
phrase because every paragraph is
created with coins and coision in mind,
a proper paragraph, right? So, if they
do that, you can easily guess the
meaning of it and choose one heading.
Basically we have a method where we
connect each and every sentence and when
we connect it this way we can guess keep
guessing the meaning and then when we
read it we basically draw a line keep
drawing when until we get a break and
then we keep continue drawing and then
guess the title go to the possible
headings and see that every phrase that
you reading out of the option is
matching with what you read above. If it
is matching great if you have a tiny bit
doubt like oh this doesn't make sense
what do you do in that situation think
about it let's say for question or
paragraph a I feel answer one is making
sense sometime answer when you read it
answer three is also making sense
somewhat let's say 70% making sense this
one 80% is this is also making sense so
initially you keep two answers in rough
keep two answers and call it let's say
I'm doubtful about this one but keep two
answers why are taking this theory
seriously because let's say we are
reading paragraph C. Chances are that
paragraph 1 is chosen for this one. You
are 100% sure that paragraph A for
paragraph C answer one is correct. Then
it can be removed from here. Answer is
three.
I'm not saying for sure it won't happen
because we have more headings. But
sometimes this happens. And also let's
say you chose this way. Okay, you know
that you're not sure about this but at
least you made it 50/50 52 questions
only. There we had nine options. Now in
case if you are getting late instead of
leaving it as it is, write two answers
in the end. Check which one I have to
review this one. Oh, I think I'll go
with this just just for in a way you can
guess at the end rather than spending
time right now reading it again. You
have now chances of 50/50 correct
answer. So such things do make sense
because this is not about just reading
and English. It's also about you know
your your your tricks and your
psychology and all those all those
things that you have to apply within 60
minutes because I I I feel that uh right
now you are living in your home comfort
area and know everything is fine
everyone is happy look around everything
makes sense but in exam half of the
things will be gone. your comfort zone
is gone. Your um your brain is you know
differently thinking and and and your
heartbeat heartbeat is a little bit
faster. Oxygen intake has increased. So
it's always little bit the performance
is a little bit lower than than normal
for sure for anyone even for a trainer
or a student anyone
see that whenever you check yourself in
your mock test you're getting little bit
more that is 10% more than your
requirement. For example, if you require
seven, see that you're getting 7.5 in
your mock test. If your requirement is
7.5, see that you're getting eight in
your mock test because in exam chances,
I'm not saying guaranteed, you might get
8.5, but chances are.5 will might be
reduced because of their stress. If you
don't know how to handle stress
and what kind of people do not know how
to handle stress two types, okay, number
one, who the person who has never seen
stress in their life,
right? first person and second who has
seen too much stress in their life.
Trust me, the middle one is really the
best one. The the person who has seen
too much stress now they're scared of
it.
Now they're scared of it like oh this
can happen that can happen. A person who
has never seen stress and suddenly the
stress comes to them they will be like
oh my god what just happened. The middle
one is always the best one. They're in
the process of learning. So all these
really are important. I'll keep telling
you how to take care of this stress and
what is what are the learning curves but
for now all of you clear about the
strategy that we discussed about the
connection strategy this question type
you have to read full paragraphs
something different okay second you see
that sequence does not me maintain
because first answer paragraph a answer
was option five for paragraph B option
was two so there's no sequence in the
options or in the paragraph but yes we
always read from paragraph A to B to C
and D and I said one more thing to you
guys that even if you spend 2 minute on
each question that makes sense why does
it make sense for general training we
have little bit smaller paragraphs but
last passage has large paragraphs same
as this one then this this theory going
to work when we have large paragraphs
okay like this one which we have seen
till let's say till E two I didn't draw
here there always will be two types of
questions. Let's say first one is
matching headings. Se second one could
be um sentence completion or we call it
fill in the blanks right in normal
language layment term layman's term. If
you have gone through in matching
heading every sentence of the paragraph
you in fact know where uh exists what
not exactly the sentence but at least
the data you know. For example, if I
tell you where did they discuss about
only one car was saved another crest.
Well this one. What if I ask you about
the paintwork did they discuss? Where
did they discuss paintwork? One or two.
You'll say one because now you know
right you read it. So that's why
sentence completion will become really
like piece of cake. Within 30 seconds
you can guess the answer.
In fact at least you you you can at
least find the area where the answer
exists. Then you can find the answer 30
to 40 seconds only. So the time you have
spent here which is extra 30 seconds
here you're saving 1 minute now. So
spending here 2 minutes for each
question is justified for general
training people because initial four
paragraphs are four passages are short
for them. It won't take much time. The
last passage is huge. Same thing you
will have more question types along with
matching heading. So again the 2 minutes
time for each question is justified. So
when I tell you guys you can take 2
minutes time you should take that time
because when you are in a hurry you tend
not to use the the the method properly.
the theory properly.
>> I reading matching features. What
happens in matching feature? You will be
getting a paragraph and you are supposed
to figure out which paragraph contains
this information. It it could be a
statement. Generally it's a statement
and it could be a phrase as well
mentioned in the form of a feature. So
what is a feature rather than a matching
heading? Because last time we have seen
matching heading. Today we are looking
at a feature. There's a difference.
Okay. And yes, whenever there's a word
matching, there is sequence disruption
in the sense sequence will not match.
For example, question one could be in
paragraph C and question two could be in
paragraph A. It's a possibility, right?
But there are three types in here.
That's the biggest problem. So what are
those three types and what is matching
feature?
Matching feature is when we have a
paragraph and that particular paragraph
has some information. For example, we
have these paragraphs called A,
paragraph B, paragraph C, paragraph D
and whatever that they are, right? Below
we have some statements, right?
What they're asking is which paragraph
contains this particular statement?
Which paragraph contains this particular
statement? Uh the handles at the side
are hard to use. Is it paragraph A, is
it paragraph B or C? So they have
clearly mentioned which rice cooker are
the following uh statements true. That
means they're asking you which paragraph
contains this. There will be different
ways to write this question. But in the
end you have to find out which paragraph
contains this particular statement.
Okay. Now what is this type? I said
three types. The first type is when they
provide you of course the passage of
course the question and in between all
this there is something called NB. Now
let's understand what is NB. NB actually
is not an English word. It's a phrase in
Latin which means note
which means note. Noteana which means
notes. So what what we have a note? You
may use any letter more than once. And
what does it mean? That means one
paragraph can contain two answers or
three answers.
So answer for seven could be let's say
paragraph C and answer for nine could
also be paragraph C. It's a possibility.
It's a possibility. Right? Because they
have mentioned you may use any letter
more than once.
Great.
Now when I say that you can you have
multiple answers possible in one
paragraph and the paragraph size is not
that large here. If you notice here it's
like three sentences
maximum four. Do you think we should try
to remember the paragraphs or remember
the sentences? Is it a good idea?
Because one paragraph could contain
three answers or two answers. Fine,
we'll try that because there are only
one two three four four paragraphs.
Okay, only four par four sentences.
Sorry, my bad. Four sentences in this
paragraph. We'll try to remember these
four sentences and or read properly
these four sentences and match which
question is matching with the
information. Right? Ready? Okay. So we
will have a look at the questions now.
Second let me oh
do you which one can be the answer?
It cooks brown rice without making a
mess. This one uh show me where have
they mentioned that it cook brown rice
without making a mess.
in a
so there is mess
that means this method is useless I'll
tell you one thing this method of
remembering stuff a paragraph earlier
and going to the question is useless the
reason for that is one tiny change in
the statement would change everything
for example they have mentioned here yes
it cooks brown rice But it spits. That
means there they have mentioned about
what they have mentioned that there
should no be no mess. And here you heard
the word mess and brown rice but not no
mess. Right? So there is a problem. You
choose this answer. Right? It's a
problem. First thing second you might
have noticed that when sorry when you
have to read a lot, remember a lot there
is a lot of stress in your head. There
will be in exam it'll it'll increase by
many times right? So whichever strategy
you have or I have which requires a lot
of reading when you have to go through a
lot to read it's not good it's not good
for your exam because it's not good for
your stress. the stress will go will
skyrocket basically and when uh stress
skyrockets there's no chance that you'll
be able to um be sane to find the
answers or quickly basically you might
be sane but slowly eventually even the
paragraph has four answers or two answer
doesn't matter even if there are three
sentences and four answers doesn't
matter we cannot find that way then what
is the best way the best way for this
question type is called uh feature
method or you can say yeah we call it
feature method. So the feature question
D itself is called finding the feature.
We take the question and we break the
question into two pieces or two parts I
would say. Part one is called the main
idea or the major idea that we have and
then we have multiple features of this
major idea whatever it is. For example,
Sam is a nice trainer but he cannot
drive properly.
So let's say nice trainer Sam is the
major idea nice trainer and not driving
properly. So these are the two features
Sam has right now according to the
statement
we have to divide the sentence first
into two pieces that is major idea and
feature. Okay, remember that. Okay, now
let's try this on one question so that
all of you understand what I'm trying to
say. Just there's a breaking part and
then we'll see what to do, right? Then
we'll see what to do after that.
Okay. So if you look at this statement,
we have one major idea for sure. There's
there'll always be one major idea.
Feature can be many. Uh in this
sentence, what is the major idea?
Handles. There is something called the
handles.
It has two features in it. These vandals
have two features. What are those two
features? They are at the side. It's an
important feature, right? We have a
particular handle type that means and
hard to use. Now, what we would do is we
have we are not doing anything new. We
are taking the sentence. We are breaking
that into edible chunk. So, we have
three edible chunks now rather than full
sentence. And if we find either of this,
we'll search for the remaining thing.
For example, we found number one that is
major idea. Then we'll search for
feature one, feature two. This is the
major idea. Let's say, right? If I found
the handles, I'll search for at the
sides or hard to use. If I found sides
written somewhere, I'll search handles
and hard to use. If I found somewhere
hard to use, I'll search handles and at
the side. I would always do that. So,
the point with this method is you have
broken into three parts in your mind or
you can write down as well, imaginary or
written. And whenever you see one of
them mainly we search for main idea but
if you search find anything else you
would always stop and search for the
other thing search I'm not asking you to
read so you see the stress will reduce
multiple times okay manifolds do you see
anything called uh um you know any of
them which we have discussed earlier
handle side or hard to use anything we
have handle where are these handles It
has a separate last lid and the handle
on the lid stays cool. These handles are
on the lid in the sense on the top. Lid
is always on the top, right? So we
cannot call it handle. No, that's not on
the side. You cannot call it or keep it
as a possible head paragraph. Next one.
Do you see anything called handles? Here
we have. But are they on side?
No. So we can let go of it. Don't don't
need to read anything. If you don't see
Hender's side, done. Move on. Move
forward. Anything here.
>> Uh, third line.
>> Third line.
Handles at side. Okay. Wherever you find
the first H two hints, handles side.
Let's read the sentence. Might have the
answer. However, it does not have any
handles at the side. Uh-oh.
Gone. So, it has they have mentioned
handles at the side, but not have any
handles on side. So this also gone. Do
we have anything here in D handles
aside? I thought first line
we have you're right handles the the the
the painted steel exterior with the a
handle on each side and steel interior.
There's no negation. So basically we
have handles. Uh yes handles are tricky
to grip. So all the details we have they
have handles which are on each side and
they are tricky to grip. That means
difficult to use. There you go. If one
of them do not match what if they this
was not mentioned here. We cannot choose
this as option.
There's no chance. And what's the reason
for that? Because this does not fulfill
the full condition of this part and that
part and the final this one. The problem
with only searching one keyword is it it
will consume a lot of time. It will say
okay we have found the handles now what
now let's go back to the question what
if you remember the question and break
it into pieces like this it'll be very
easy very quick very easy at the same
time let's try one more okay it cooks
brown rice without making a mess so what
should be the major idea here brown rice
will be a major idea and what feature do
we have of the brown rice
so when it is cooking when it is being
cooked cook there is no mess.
Basically there's only one major one
feature only and that feature is in this
cooker brown rice cook without making a
mess. So brown rice and no mess while
cooking. As simple as that, right?
Sometime you have only one feature one
major idea. But this way we know the
relation between the feature and the
major idea. Right? So I'm going to just
paste it. But you should remember the
statement by now because we have
separated it. Right? So what you should
search first brown rice and I remember
looking at brown rice here and you said
that yes it cooks brown rice but it
tends to spit that means throws water
out. So no this is not the one because
we're looking for no mess. This one has
mess. No chance of this to be the
answer. Next one.
Brown rice mentioned here. No. No brown
rice mentioned here. We have rice
cooker.
Oh we have cooking brown rice here. Yes.
Let's see. It does not have any handles
on the side and the water sometimes
overflows when cooking brown rice. So
the second condition does not fulfill.
Yeah. No. So there there's water
overflow. There's there is mess. So we
don't need that. We need something
without mess. Anything here. Brown rice.
One second.
No ricees. We have no six. I mean fifth
paragraph.
This is simple. Do you
>> Oh, first line itself.
>> Can you see that the answer is present
here? Yes. Not spitting, no boiling even
when cooking brown rice. Now you must be
thinking Sam this is so easy. Why is it
considered difficult type? Well, it
looks easy because I broke it into
sentences. I broke it into method. I
broke it the sentence into pieces as
well. Now it becomes a searching part.
And you might have noticed that you were
not even stressed a bit because you were
searching. You were so relaxed while
searching. You were searching for words
here and there. It's like a game
basically. Oh, I found that I found that
word. I found this word. It's so easy
then. But when we tend to do you know,
oh try to remember this whole stuff
that's not going to work out. So
basically it becomes easy when you try
to search words but when you try to
remember stuff it becomes difficult.
Okay. So the answer would be in this
case E. But which one? The second one.
This was by the way the first type. The
easiest type I would say. The second
type is not easy. Uh second question
type that we have will have tiny changes
compared to this one. It's called tiny
changes because what we have here is no
repetition and the paragraph size will
increase. The task is same that we have
a statement mentioned a like 1 2 3 4 and
same thing you have to choose out of a
to g or whatever it is but in this case
we don't have any repetition you see
there's nothing called no bana nb or you
know you may use any letter more than
once we don't have that secondly the
number of paragraphs a to g if you count
I think it's um seven right G till G
will become seven right a b cde e fg we
have seven options questions and five
questions. That means there is no chance
of repetition. First of all, secondly,
you notice that the the size of the
paragraph has increased multiple times.
That was tiny paragraph. These are huge
paragraphs.
Let it be for general training. Let
academic. They both can have this size.
They both can have this. Okay. So, how
we going to do find the answer? Are we
going to change the method? No, we're
not going to change the method method.
We're going to just make tiny uh
amendments. Sorry, the method going to
stay the same that we do first this and
then this but tiny amendments in the
sense in the same method we'll finetune
it and how do we fine-tune by thinking
of more synonyms.
Let's see an example here as well. We
don't read the passage first. We read
the first question and we have something
called preference of using one side of
the body in animal species. Okay, let's
continue over here. So when we have such
things no method will change. We will
have major idea first. We will have the
feature theory first. A feature theory
as well. The only thing that will change
is synonyms. So if you have the sentence
here, preference of using one side of
the body in animal species. What do you
think um we have here as a major idea?
Anyone animal species could be
considered the major idea here. Fine.
Now what is the feature for this animal
species? They're using one side of their
body for sure. And anything else it's
important. They have a preference of
doing so, right? You're right. Animal
species could be the major idea. But the
feature would be multiple. That is they
are using one side of the body and they
have a preference of doing so. Or you
can combine them as well if you want to
if you if you do that. Now think about
it. Okay. What are the possible
synonyms? Animal species can be written
as animals
or name of the animals or species can be
written in various forms right breeds
and all those stuff. One side of the
body can be written in the form of
either side, left side, right side, this
side, that side. Preference can be
written as let's see how many few how
many words can we bring for preference
specifically. Okay. Specifically,
um, anything else? Choice. Um, anything
else?
Intention for that particular side.
Intent. They have intention for that.
Oh, okay. All these words enough. The
more synonyms you could think the better
because the paragraph size is huge. They
will try to use as many synonyms as
possible and try to hide the
information. We should not let them do
that. It's kind of a tiny game that we
have here. But in the end, we are
searching for animal species
have using one side of the body and
having preference of doing so. Do you
see animal species mentioned first here?
Because that is a noun. It'll be easier
to find. Right?
We don't have so we can proceed. Next
one. Do we have this is about children
and this is about something else. You're
right. There's no there's no um subject
called animal present here. Anything
else? I mean anything here in C. Yes, we
have horses stomp more frequently with
one who grabs motion predominantly with
left or right. In fact, they mentioned
animals have the preference for one
either side of seeming randomly seem
seemingly random. That's right. This
paragraph contains all the information.
First of all, they have one side. They
have animals and they have preference.
Answer is C.
No other paragraph can be this accurate
for this statement that we have.
Everything matches. Answer is C.
Right? Okay. So this is the answer.
Let's go for one more. One more just
just for the sake of it that you think
this is not the right method. If it is
the right method, how likely
one-handedness is born? What do you
think could be the major idea here?
Think about it.
Defects in children. But one-handedness
is not about defects. It's about using
either left hand or right right hand
behavior in children. Yes. So basically
you're saying either one-handedness or
something is born. So they're talking
about kids talking about infants,
talking about newborns, talking about
something like that. Probably that could
be a nice major idea. And these these
infants or babies or whatever it is and
they have used in in the sense babies
they have one-handedness. But there's
one more thing remaining in there.
Like we have preference. Yeah, we have
how likely.
What is how likely? Probability or
chances. How likely is it going to rain
today? How likely we will end the class
early? How likely we will understand
this? So then how what are the chances
of doing so? Right? So whichever
paragraph talks about one-handedness
plus something being born plus how
likely. So basically you can combine the
major idea and feature this way and they
have a relation that what are the
chances of something born with
one-handedness feature right let's go
above in the first paragraph you try do
you have anything called um the first
second word itself is probability right
and we have uh if one parent is this
second parent is this then chances of
baby born is this so definitely this is
talking about babies be born like this
and yes it is correct answer. Instantly
we got the we only got it because we
understood the question properly. Right?
Okay. The last question type. Now all of
you please be ready with your notes. The
last question type is crazy. Okay. It's
crazy because they added one more
factor. So, so far we have seen a
paragraph and a question, right? Like
this one. So, we have seen we have seen
that, right? We have a paragraph and we
have some statements
like this.
We have some statement. We are supposed
to figure out the statement. But they
added one more factor in this question
type. We have a par we have a passage.
Sorry, not paragraph passage. And we
have some questions and we have names
now added.
Now look at this is important. Paragraph
questions and names. Why are these names
mentioned here? What they're asking is
according to the passage who provided
these statement or who gave these
statement or who spoke these statements
out of these people.
Basically we have to figure out Wendy
Cooling did she say this? Was that David
Alman who said this? Who was that
person?
Okay. Who was that person? So you are
supposed to figure out and write down
the name or not the name that the the
the letter for that name. For example,
if Wendy Cooling said this, you write A.
If W Andy cooling also said this, you
can write answer as A is here. Notice
that we have only seven questions
right though paragraphs are more but
options are less. So they will
definitely repeat.
I I'll re I'll reiterate.
We have seven questions and five
options. So you can understand that
because options are less few of the qu
options will repeat. So for example
answer for one could be a for fourth
could be a as well. That means Wendy
cooling can say two two things.
Okay. So basically this this here we
have a passage and below we get some
questions. These questions are
statements provided by the people
mentioned below in the passage. We have
to figure out who gave these statements.
Is the question type clear?
If this is clear, should we keep the
same method? Understand the question, go
to the passage and do that.
See the method which I have told you
about can be used here. Can be but is
not recommended. The reason for that
it's going to waste a lot of time.
Why? We have names. They will help us to
figure out where in the passage they
have mentioned names. It becomes easy
compared to finding synonyms. We can
find names and there is no chance they
will have synonyms of Wendy cooling.
They will have to mention Wendy cooling
or they might mention only Wendy or
cooling doesn't matter but it's a name
easily we can find. So the method will
change completely from what we have seen
earlier. You can start taking notes very
important. Okay. So write down with
steps. This time I'm going to tell you
steps as well. So that in future you
don't have issues. Whenever there are
names involved and if they ask you who
said these statements, you have to use
this method. Step one is to not read the
question, not read the passage, go to
the names directly and search all the
names in the passage. I'm writing it
clear here. Search all the names
in the passage. In the case of pen and
paper, you can underline. In the case of
CBT, you can highlight. It's the same
thing basically.
I am not asking you to read the passage.
I'm not asking you to understand the
passage. I'm asking you to search all
the names in the passage. And how do you
do that? Let's take these I mean use
these names here from here and keep it
in a chat so that we can all be uh you
know able to look the passage and the
names at the same time. Have they
mentioned in between paragraph A and B
any name out of these five names A B CDE
E
quickly searching names would not be
that difficult Wendy is mentioned select
that in CBT you can right click and
highlight there's an always an option in
case of pen and paper underline okay
don't do anything else apart from that
sorry in C already do you see any names
David Almond is mentioned but if you
forgot there's mentioned cooling
If you leave the name here, chances are
that one of the questions will be gone.
So, cooling is mentioned here. David
Almond is mentioned here. Very nice.
Okay. Nothing. Let's move. So, this way
you keep going. For example, in here e
there is a name. Can you see that
Julia is mentioned here? Julia is
mentioned here. And in Europe and mainly
in Europe and sometime in US, J is
pronounced as Y in many languages. So I
think it will be pronounced as Ulia but
but okay. Um so in in in German and in I
think some of the Dutch and all these
languages if this is mentioned they'll
read it Ulia. So there was we had a we
had a person who used to take care of
the admin stuff and her name was Jasmine
according to India and they used to call
her Yesmin.
So this is different. So I'm I'm just
giving you extra information. Forget
about it. If you see any name even half
name do you see there's a half name
mentioned here just the the family name
here mentioned I
>> yes select it and highlight it right
okay done so let's say till the end you
do with this your step one is over
now we go to step two in step two we
still are not reading the question we
are going again on the top of the
question the passage right step two in
step two we read what each person said
one by one. We're not going to read all
of them, okay? We read one person. For
example, first we found Wendy Cooling
here. Whatever this person said either
in single quote or double quote or they
might have mentioned Wendy said that
then they will not write single quote.
But you have to search where have they
mentioned that for example Wendy said
that XY Z you have to also read that.
But this person they have mentioned
single quote. Why to worry? Now we read
this children's book books are going
through an incredibly fertile periods
says this person. We don't care about
their degree. We don't care about who
they are because we care about what they
said. So never read about their post and
everything. Children's books are going
through through an incredibly fertile
period. There's a real buzz around them.
Book clubs are happening. Sales are
good. People are much more willing to
listen to children's authors. Before you
go to the question, now this the final
step. Go to the question. Match this
information with what you read. But tell
me what do you understand from this?
What is Wendy Cooling trying to say
here? People are interested in
children's books, children's aposto any
statement matching with what you just
said or what you just read.
So the correct answer is seven. We are
experiencing a rise in the popularity of
children's literature because they've
clearly mentioned that book clubs are
happening and and it's going through
incredibly fertile period. It means
there is lot of market for the the books
that children's books and you know
people are willing to buy things. So
yeah that's good. There we go. Next one.
Next. Now what do we do? We don't go to
the next question. We go to the next
place where we saw the name. So for
example cooling. We read what she said.
We understand it. We go to the question.
Same way here what David Alman said we
read from top till we see the quotation
mark. And like I said the this part is
about him David Almond right we don't
read that we don't read that we read
only what he said is everyone clear
about this method
is reading true false and not given
trust me true false not given is not
difficult it's tricky there's a
difference between difficult and tricky
matching heading is difficult it's not
tricky it's difficult because you have
to spend so much time in reading and
understanding and all but true was not
given is tricky. The reason for that is
one word change can change the answer.
So what happens in true false not given
see true and false we have seen in our
childhood a lot in school. But what is
this not given thing added in this
question type you will always get a
statement and you have to basically show
if this answer is true, false or not
given depending on the passage. Right?
Now what is uh true or false or not
given? Let me uh share my display and
show you a sample of that. Okay, here we
go. A passage and below some questions
as you can see here.
Now in the instructions we have
something really important. What is that
important thing that we have to go
through and that is actually the word
itself the answer itself. Just give me a
second guys.
Okay, if you notice they have mentioned
in order to write the answer as true. So
if you want to write the answer as true
and the the statement should connect
with the information right if the answer
is false that means the statement is
going against the information that means
we have the information but it's
opposite it's not the same
and not given which means well there is
no information on this not at all right
so this is what we call true false and
not given
now
how do we and what is the Most common
mistake people make which can be ignored
in a second. I'll tell you that that
common mistake is instead of writing
answer as true people write t instead of
writing false people write f instead of
not given we write ng. Now think about
it if you write this instead of true if
you write t what going to happen well
the examiner will say in the
instructions we have clearly mentioned
if it's true you have to write true and
you have written t answer zero I mean
score zero right
same goes here same goes here you cannot
write like this write the full word
please first of all okay secondly one
more common errors people make is I'm
going to read the full passage or all
the questions in one go so that one
second all the questions in one go so
that everyone can understand them you
know I can remember all the questions
don't do that they're useless I mean if
you do that you going to waste your time
a lot so
so remember that not given is
not actually oh no word will be
mentioned not given is the information
cannot be confirmed
so you can say that information cannot
be confirmed if it is true or false that
becomes not given
If you do not know if it is true or
false, we call it not given.
Fine. Now, how do we solve this question
type? Let's get into it. Okay. There are
two types of statements in true false
not given. Remember that always two
types of statements. The first type is
called the comparison type where we
compare two things and second type is
called feature type. Let's understand
them with some sentences and examples
and you will be able to just you will be
able to recognize them within a second.
Okay. So comparison type the first type
that we have is when we have something
called A then we have B and between them
there is something to compare that is
called C. For an example if I say um Sam
drives his car faster than Ash.
Now in this case A is Sam, B is Ash and
C is the comparison between their speed
of driving or basically their driving
speed. Right? So this is called
comparison type of statement.
When this is present or comparison type
of uh question is there it's very easy
to find the answer. I'll tell you how.
Okay. What if it is not comparison? What
is the second type? Second type is
called feature type. What happens in
feature type? In future t they'll
mention a subject called let's say Sam
is a nice person. Now there is no
comparison with another person. So this
just one person and a feature about that
who is also a good teacher. Let's say if
I write that then two qualities of that
two features of that comparison in the
sense you will see there is a b and c
and feature you will always see main
idea and features about it. So this can
be distinguished between comparison and
feature. And why are we creating these
sentences? We can all call them all true
false not given. We can. But the problem
is the strategy that we're going to
apply will reduce your time to find the
answer when it comes to true false not
given or um uh true false not given
comparison and not compare. Okay. So
let's see one example of comparison
first. Okay. Look at this one. The first
one.
Commuters are often compared favorably
worker ends.
You can see that question here.
Commuters are often compared favorably
worker ants. You can see there is a
comparison between two commodities and
or two you know um insects here.
Commuters and worker ants and they are
compared favorably to each other. So
this is comparison. This is A and this
is B. Right?
Now what is the meaning of compared
favorably in the sense if one is doing
something another one will get a credit
for that or will will be considered
good. So basically they are in sync or
are good with each other basically to
speak. Okay. Now how to find answer when
it is comparison type? Please start
taking notes. Whenever it is comparison
type what you are supposed to do is you
are supposed to only find the
comparison. Yes, you have to find A and
B in the passage. You have to find three
of them. Commuters compared favorably
and worker ends. You have to do that.
But mostly or say 99% it's the
comparison that is changed that has
changed otherwise all stay same. The
comparison part changes all the time.
Remember that. Okay. So what changes in
comparison?
They might provide the comparison as it
is. That means they are compared
favorably. That could be true. Okay,
that could be true. What if they're
saying commuters are not compared
favorably? That would become false.
Sometimes they don't even compare them.
They just state them commuters are there
and workarans are there that's it. That
means it's not given. Generally when
comparison is not mentioned or not
provided that becomes not given
otherwise if comparison is present it
will be true or false. So our first task
in this case would be let's let's do it
stepwise okay is to understand oh this
is the comparison type wonderful
computers
and worker ends and compare favoritely
done task one done task two would be
would be to search in the passage these
three phrases okay let's do that
together I'm going to go to the passage
and search that part we have worker ants
we have computers do we have comparison
Okay. They they have comparison. True.
Right. Because they have mentioned the
first of the word like. So marching are
like commuters. They are there but and
they have a common simile as well. That
means they are similarities as well. But
it's damning not positive image. That
means marching like worker ants. These
these ants are not in positive sense
with work uh commuters. They are
considered not positive image, damning
image. So it is not true. Basically it's
false. Opposite information is present
because worker ants and commuters are
not in sync with positive light with
each other. So answer is false.
Okay, let's see the second one. I
understand this might be a little bit
tricky here. Second one, we can see some
ants within a colony have leadership
roles. Now there is no comparison
between these ants and other ants. So
this is feature type. Now what happens
in feature type? If you notice here we
have some ants within a colony have
leadership roles. They have one thing
which is main idea and there are two
properties of that these this main idea.
Some ants are always the the main idea.
Let's write it here. Some ants. Okay.
And then we have two major two features
of that. First is that they're living
within colony and second is they have
leadership roles. This is feature one.
This is feature two. This is main idea.
We have to search three of them and not
just search three of them separately.
They should have a relation. That means
these ants which are living in a colony
have leadership roles. What if they say
that outside the the colony only have
leadership role? That's then false,
right? Or if they say that within a
colony some ants are living have no
leadership roles. That means it's false.
But they will not be that direct. They
will not be straightforward. Okay. You
know what? We can directly answer this
question to you and provide in the
passage. They will find a synonym or
they will try to add synonym of within a
colony or leadership roles or sums
whatever they want to. They will try to
write as many synonyms as possible. So
our task is not just to um create
phrases in the sentence but also to
search those phrases keeping in mind the
synonyms.
Keeping in the mind the synonyms, right?
And then we go to the passage. Yes,
sequence is maintained. Last answer you
found here. So we start reading from
next sentence itself. Okay. But the next
sentence has nothing about colony or
some ants or leadership roles. Do you
see that in the next paragraph? Fourth
line. Yes,
they're talking about ants, right?
Some ants. Okay. Ants does make sense.
Okay. Anything about leadership role? So
there's no one ant making decision on a
giving order.
So what's the answer?
False. Yes. Because if not a single ant
is doing it as a colony they are doing
it. That means when they are combined
into one colony all together they are
doing it but individually none of them
is doing any leadership role. So no
chance answer is false.
Remember the answer is false here
because they have mentioned there is no
one end making wise you know giving
orders fine this is so far the easier
part now what becomes difficult
difficulty is the way they provide the
information so far I gave you two
sentences and two types of statements
okay now we're going to give different
types of statements and we'll make it
tricky
now let's make it tricky for comparison
we'll do it ourselves okay to the tricky
I have a question which says that Sam is
uh faster
in driving
than Ash. Okay, this is my question.
Let's say question number three. Fine.
And in the passage I found somewhere
which says that Sam is the fastest
driver
in the world.
So what do you think? Is this true,
false or not given?
logically is true. Now what if I change
the sentence to Sam is the fastest
driver in his city.
Now what can be the answer?
Not given. It will be not given if this
is the only information we found. What
if they say that
ash is also part of the city? Now the
answer becomes true again. Right?
Because if we say that Ash is also part
of the city that mean Ash is living in
the same city and close to him and they
say that um Sam is the fastest driver in
the city now definitely Sam is faster
than Ash
because now the world has changed to the
city part that's it so watch out for
such tricky things which is you know
slow at fast slowest fastest and all
those words superlative degree okay
first thing second
sometimes we don't even need content to
be there but still we can find out true
false not given. For example, I write a
statement such as um
Sam is
writing a letter with a red pen.
Okay. And in the passage I found out Sam
is not writing anything.
Now what will be the answer? False. But
we don't have any information about red
pen or no red pen.
If something is missing, we call it not
given. Right?
False. Yes. Because red pen is not the
quality of Sam. Red pen is the quality
of letter. It is written with red pen.
Okay. Now, what if I say that Sam has a
red pen and he's writing a letter.
Okay. And I say that Sam is not writing
for now.
Sam has a red pen is separate and then
Sam is not writing. Still the answer
will be false because they are two
distinct information.
Right? What if we change the letter to
something else?
Sam is writing uh a report here and here
they say Sam is writing a letter. Answer
is still false.
Remember that sometimes nothing works
apart from logic. But here what works is
the red pen is the quality of the letter
being written. And and there's one more
thing always remember whenever there's a
negation anywhere added the the false
part will always take the precedence.
True or false a true or not given can
never be there answer. Why? Because if
you put a negation anywhere
automatically the statement is
contradicting with the information.
Doesn't matter what we add at the end or
not it's contradicting. So false has
more power or you can say negation has
more power in this case um compared to
not given if we remove information.
Okay, remember that. Okay, now these
were still okayish. Now I'm going to
show you a question which is a little
bit lengthy and we have to figure out
the answer for that. Look at this one.
Forager ants tell each other how far
away the food source is. In this case,
is it comparison or feature?
Feature. Good. Forager ants are actually
they have features multiple features.
Forager ants are the main actors or the
in this case the the main idea and the
features they have are also true here.
Number one they are talking to each
other like they have mentioned tell each
other. First one they're talking to each
other. This is feature one. Teacher
feature two is what are they talking
about? How far away the food source is
right? Second one and forager ends are
the main idea. Now what if we get in the
passage information forager ants are not
talking to each other what will be the
answer
if I find in the passage forager ants
are not talking to each other false
because we don't care now how far away
not far away or if there's any food
source available or not we don't care
because there is a negation added good
now you know that whenever there's any
idea mentioned if there's any negation
with the idea we remove Okay, fine.
Let's take this question and search
three of these details in the passage.
If we find find three of them, if we
find three of them, we call it true. If
we don't find three of them, we call it
well not given or either of them. If we
find negation, we call it false. So last
answer we found in the last sentence
itself. So probably the next part is
important for us probably. But I'm still
providing the information here. And you
tell me, do you see something about
that?
about this question.
We have forager ends. So that means they
are talking to each other, right?
They're communicating. Could be true.
No, sorry. Answer is not true.
Now I'm I'm giving you the answer.
Answer is not true.
>> Yeah, that's missing.
>> The distance part is missing. Right?
when we say I am calling let's say
Vishal I'm I'm calling Vishal I'm
telling him how far away uh let's say
the bookstore is okay so if I just say
I'm calling Vishal and communicating did
I provide the information of bookstore
we don't know that maybe I did maybe I
did not we don't know that same way here
they are communicating they are giving
signals they are uh you know brushing
each other when they're leaving you
might have seen ants doing this with
their antenna but they are not giving
any information about food uh The
distance between food source and
themselves. Yes, they have mentioned
there is food source but where is it?
Distance not mentioned here anywhere. No
distance is mentioned. Answer is not
given.
So watch what watch out for such traps
where you're finding only words not the
relation. Look you found food source for
sure we have food. You found talking to
each other here for ants. Definitely
it's about you said oh that means
everything is present. Can I write true?
Think about it. Where is this part?
I told you it'll become tricky because a
one word change answer will change
completely.
Okay. Okay. So all of you please
understand this. Don't leave any stone
unturned in this case. And I'll tell you
later some nice trick to solve this
question type. One more trick. But let's
go for the fourth one. Forager ants are
able to react quickly to a dangerous
situation.
Okay, this is where we have. Now what if
they say that forager ants now listen
carefully. What will be the answer in
the passage? I read something and I say
that for forager ants always react
quickly. So what will be the answer
based on that information but this
question? True because dangerous
situation is a part of any situation.
Right? Forager ants sometime react
quickly. What would be the answer?
Not given. Forager ants only react
quickly when uh they are they are having
no problems. Okay. All of you are
getting the point what I'm trying to
say. This is how we should think always.
is I always think like this what could
be the negative part of it and if I see
the negative I call it false if I don't
even I'm not able to find anything I
call it not given generally true is the
easy part last answer we found in this
particular paragraph right where we saw
they were communicating they were
talking about food so let's see maybe in
this paragraph below or next paragraph
we have the information somewhere hidden
so tell me do you see anything forager
ants reacting quickly or dangerous
situation lying here this information so
if you notice this one And if something
goes wrong, a hungry lizard crawling
around for an ant snack for instance,
then a rush of ants returning without
food and waiting reserve do not do not
go out signal. That means they don't
care about food. They don't care about
anything. Just they just come back when
they look at dangers such as lizard.
Lizard eat would eat an ant right? So
answer is true. Clearly everything is
mentioned. They have mentioned quickly.
They have mentioned dangerous situation.
They have mentioned ants. Voila. We
found the answer. Fine. uh we go to the
last not last second last last one we
leave it's very easy I'm going to even
go with this one is easy as well fifth
one that the question told us that there
is a this particular thing that is wind
can damage the mound this could be the
reason for the damage okay but in the in
the passage that what they have
mentioned in the paragraph what they
have mentioned is that the mound has
already been damaged how we don't know
that mean after the damage there can be
alteration altering the circulation of
air that means they simply
sense the changes in the environment
altering the circulation of air. They
say sense the the changes right nowhere
they have mentioned that this damage is
because of the wind. They have mentioned
the wind they have mentioned mount but
this can cause the damage the wind can
cause the damage. So basically the
relation the connectivity between them
is missing
the words are present. Okay, for
example,
uh I write a passage about uh let's say
myself and I write um there was there
was an amazing scientist living far far
away and Sam went to him to learn a lot
of new things and he came back he did
something great and he tried new um new
businesses and all. Okay. Now in the
passage if I say Sam is um is a renowned
scientist
scientist is present Sam is present that
means answer true no the relation is not
true because somebody else is scientist
he went to that scientist so try to
understand the relation between these
phrases too wind did not damage they
have not mentioned anything so answer is
not given don't just see that we have
found the phrase that means answer has
to be true see that the relation is also
fulfilled
Okay. So, please always check that too.
Okay. Now,
let's understand one more technique
using which you will definitely get a
nice help and that technique is see true
false not given should always be gone
you know at the end or should always be
conducted at the end. The reason for
that is just in case just in case you
don't have time left at the end and then
let's say um trouble strikes or tragedy
strikes we never know then in that case
true false not given questions can be
written answers in seconds you can write
all of them true
let's say you have just 3 minutes left 2
minutes left you can write all of them
true let's say seven questions at least
two to three will be correct just for
free right so true false not and if you
have time that's wonderful you can
easily spend spend as much time as you
want but this question type because it
is tricky it always takes extra time
though it's not difficult like I said it
like you said it's tricky we need one so
one or two times extra so always go for
the end in this case and if we don't
have time we do this strategy of
whatever you feel true or false or not
given you can write it generally we
write true generally answers are there
for true or false not given are a little
bit less generally speaking but not
always sometimes they are more But you
can say more or less write true or
false. I'm not saying this should be a
viable strategy by any mean. I'm just
saying that always go for the end so
that you have something at least uh
extra time and you can if in case you
don't have time you can use this reading
sentence completion.
Now sentence completion is the fancy
term for the word fill in the blanks. So
we need to see how to solve fill in the
blanks when it comes to IEL's reading as
well as listening and you know the the
rules. Now we always start with reading
so that we can do listening at the end.
So let me just uh talk about what is
sentence completion or in other terms
fill in the blanks. Okay. Sentence
completion or fill in the blanks is when
we get a single sentence and a blank
then we get another sentence. They are
not connected. The connection connected
part is called summary completion. we
have something different in there. So
here we have like this sentence
completion. We are supposed to find the
answer for these blanks and answers are
anything between one word to four words
maximum not more than four I've seen
ever. So three words and or a number
that is four what I'm talking about
right okay
this question type is pretty common and
the most common strategy well you can
tell me by yourself right you might have
seen the such question types you might
have tried solving such question types
what is the most common strategy you
guys have used do let me know I'm going
to share my display
>> prediction yes let's see what kind of
prediction we have uh there are multiple
types we have in this question type.
We'll see one by one. How do we predict
in this case? What do we how do we solve
this question type? So the most people
what they use is what we call keyword
method. They search something in the
passage. We call it keyword. Now keyword
method works. No doubt about that.
Keyword method of course works. But
there's a problem with keyword method.
The problem with keyword method is that
there is no way we can find the answer
accurately
all the time. Yes, more I would say 70%
of the time you can remaining remaining
time it'll be little bit difficult to
find. I I'll explain what is a keyword
method and what why it is not that
successful. So let's say my house is at
a location called XY Z right this is my
house and I say that guys my house is on
the left of something called ABC
okay this is one way to say that it's on
left I'm not wrong I'm not wrong about
that it is on the left of it right but
you still might not find it because I'm
just saying left of this particular
building what if I say that my house is
on the left of ABC that's for sure
above M and O
right and and below PQR
now what do we have we have multiple
hints it's on left of this above this
and below this so there's no other way
other places would be you know checked
definitely this will be checked so this
is called triangulation method
triangulation in the sense we have
multiple hints instead of just one hint
which is which is one keyword. Right? So
when we have multiple hints, what
happens is we tend to find the answer
more accurately and easily. Initially it
look like oh why are we doing so much?
Why are we doing so much searching? We
can easily find the answer but some of
the questions become difficult to find.
That's why we go for a method which
works for all the questions.
Right? So what is this triangulation
method? Triangulation method says that
if you have a blank and if you have
minimum two hints if if there are three
or four that's good I would say three is
optimum then finding the answer for that
blank is you know easier for an example
that we have one question here most
people would go for something called
let's say I'm looking for something
because of disease just disappeared
that's it so okay so we need to figure
out how do we recognize if it is a noun
pronoun adjective verb Generally the
answers are noun and adjectives.
Generally pronouns are very rare because
they are he, she, it, that, right? We
don't need that. It's either either an
adjective or a noun. Very rarely it's
pronoun. Verbs very rarely too. So how
do we figure out if it is a noun or
adjective? That's the most common one.
Okay. The best way is to recognizing the
structure of the sentence. And what do
we get from the structure? So let me
just write a sentence here. Okay. Um,
Sam just bought
a blank
car. Okay, one one of the sentences that
we have, Sam
just
broke his blank
phone. So tell me what would you fit in
these answers? New phone, new car, we
can say old phone, we can call it let's
say the large phone, small phone,
whatever, cheap phone, budget phone,
smartphone. If you notice that all these
words which we are filling, new car,
black car, old car, small car, large
car, all of them are adjectives, isn't
it?
>> Because noun is mentioned, we are
looking for an adjective. Now change the
the answer. Okay, change everything. So
if I remove this all and instead of this
if I write like this let's just copy
this itself
and add something like this. Sam just
bought a
large
blank.
Uh Sam just broke his
shiny
blank.
Let's say this is the case. Okay. Now
think about it.
What will fit here?
Large house probably. Yes.
Anything, any noun, anyone. Same here.
Any noun that is making sense is
shining. Let's say that would fit here.
And all of them are nouns because we
have adjectives here. Now notice here in
the sentence, what do we have here?
So we are definitely looking for a noun
because we have similar nouns connected
with and. Definitely this is a noun. Now
what are we going to do with this noun?
Let's understand that. Okay, when we
have a sentence and we know that we are
looking for let's just write here blank.
Okay, this is our blank. Around our
blank we have some properties. First
one, it is definitely a noun. If it's
plural noun, common noun, we don't know
that yet. Okay, second thing, it is
getting better. Something that is
getting better definitely we'll get a
synonym of this word for sure in in in
our passage. Third, because of this
particular noun, there is something
happening. What's happening? Diseases
are disappearing. That means they are
basically dying or going away. You can
say disappearing
or disappeared already. So three details
we have. We're looking for a noun which
is getting better or it is better than
other things and diseases are
disappearing.
That's we have about this noun. If we
have three hints about a blank, finding
an an answer in this situation becomes
baby's task. Trust me, it becomes baby's
task. So, let's just have a look if it
is really a baby's task or not. Question
you already remember. I'm going to still
paste it here just in case if you find
in the first or second paragraph. Do you
see? Oh, I think I copied something
different. Never mind. It's the the car
example. I copied vaccination. So do you
do you notice that what we are looking
for everything we are looking for is
there improvements in something that is
get getting better something it is a
noun and diseases that affect human
eradicated you can see that three of the
hints are matching so answer is
definitely vaccination now some people
tend to not use the s at the end you can
see vaccinations if they have mentioned
please use it literally copy pasting it
from there it's fine I mean to say the
spelling not of course you cannot
select and right click and all those
things you have to just write it down.
Right?
Okay. So this is the call this is what
we call triangulation method. Now let's
let's have a look at one more question
just in case if it works or not. Because
there is more contact between people
blank are losing their usefulness. Fine.
Okay. Let's take this question. So we
have it here the question because
there's more contact between people
blank are losing their usefulness. Okay.
Now, not just noun, we get one one of
the strategies that is one is noun.
Second, it's not just a noun. It's a
plural noun
because there's there's an r here.
There's an r here, right? First, second,
if you notice that this particular thing
is in present or it's uh it's present or
it's increasing because of more contact
between people. So, the reason for this
thing to exist is contact.
Third, this particular thing is losing
its value. That means it's losing its
usefulness. It's not effective anymore
or it's not working anymore. Whatever it
is, depending on what it is, we can use
the word. But basically, it's not
working anymore. Something which is
plural, something which is because of
the contact between people and something
which is not effective anymore. Let's
search these three things. And if it
works, wonderful, right? it it becomes a
nice method because we have accuracy
increase for sure. So I'm going to paste
in your chat the question and we go
above in the passage. Do you see
anything? Because last answer we found
in the first sentence itself. We might
have to look into the next sentence or
the next paragraph. Do you see anything?
Yeah. Let me just give you a hint.
Remember there were three uh pillars of
this question and one of the pillar was
that this particular thing exists
because of contact between people. First
thing, second, it is a noun. Third, it's
a plural noun. You can say the third.
Yeah. Fourth because it's losing its
value. That is the fourth one. Did you
find the first one anywhere?
when people come in contact with each
other uh these superviruses and
infections which used to be resistant to
antibiotics now are becoming more and
more common. So these things are
becoming common for a reason because
antibiotics are not working anymore.
Antibiotics used to fight them. They're
not fighting anymore and that's why this
is the correct answer.
Correct answer is antibiotics.
I I hope all of you got see it's a pl
noun. It's a plural noun. It is it is
going down or it is losing its value
because of contact between people that
they have mentioned here. People come in
contact right and last but not the least
it's not working anymore because other
things which are supposed to be uh
stopped by antibiotics they are not
actually they rampant they are more
common. So answer
sorry sometimes they don't use direct
words you know like oh this is not
useful anymore they use like this
indirectly the other things which used
to fight it's becoming common so answer
is antibiotics you're right about that
okay we have to look one more into the
into the picture so there is something
called disease-causing blank are most
likely to be found in hot and damp
region now what do you think about this
blank mosquitoes will fit here exactly
Look disease causing is is an adjective
that causes diseases.
Disease causing blank are most likely to
be found. So that means R is plural. So
something that is causing diseases which
is plural and also found in hot and damp
region. Now if you go above in the
passage in the second or third paragraph
second paragraph itself I believe they
are mentioned uh perhap one of perhaps
one of the most obvious examples is this
idea in malaria prone areas which is
usually tropical regions that are that
foster a warm and damp environment which
the mosquitoes that can give people this
disease can grow. So yes these animal
these insects which are living in warm
and damp region give people diseases I
mean disease causing which are
mosquitoes
rural again causing disease again living
in this such area. So basically what's
happening here we are triangulating the
answer with hints right
some questions look oh we don't need
that method yes sometimes but the
problem is not about we don't need that
method the problem it will be when we
have a crazy question and you say that
oh what happened what just happened we
could not find the answer for those
situation we have u we have this this
this solution that we have okay so this
is the first type okay the second type
of question that we have. I I'll show
you the type. You will be able to
understand that easily. One second. So
in the second type what we have is
called option type. There you will get
options along with the question. It look
like something like this. One second.
There you go. So we have a passage of
course and we have uh questions below
and below that we have options. Why is
it a different type? Why not just use
solving it with the same strategy? You
can but let me tell you a few things
about this. First of all, you notice
that options the options can be
mentioned as it in the as it is in the
passage or a synonym of that possible if
it is not a name. Okay. Number two,
such questions are difficult. I've seen
that mostly when they have options, they
make the questions difficult. Three, you
notice that we have something called
a name in the question. When we have a
name in the question, we call it a
keyword. And if it is a keyword, what
happens?
Keyword,
>> it becomes easy, right? It becomes easy
from that perspective. Yes, that we have
a keyword. So, always use that keyword
along with blank method. So, how will
the meth the method look now? It look
modified. Along with the keyword, we
have the previous method as well. So the
impact of blank on objects falling to
the ground was not considered by a
restaurant. Okay, fine. So we're looking
for definitely a noun. Okay, we're
looking for a noun because it's an
impact of something, isn't it? There's
an impact of a force probably or
something else on object falling to the
ground. That means we are looking for a
force which is applied on another object
which is connected to a keyword. Because
there is a name, we cannot ignore it.
But that name is Aristotal.
Right? We cannot ignore a name because
keywords are really helpful for us. We
can find the names easily. So I'll just
copy this question. And you're supposed
to find the answer in this case.
Do you see that in paragraph A?
Now listen carefully. on day two when we
had a class we discussed about it that
there is something called uh keyword
theory yes we discussed and we said that
whenever we have a keyword and there's a
negation connected to that we cannot
ignore it now if you notice that they
have mentioned not considered by
Aristotle what we were searching for was
everything considered by Aristotle isn't
it so see that's the problem we are
searching for something that only fits
in one hint the second hint And we are
ignoring it completely. We we are
looking for an impact of something on an
object. That's fine. But we are looking
for actually something that was not
considered by Aristotle.
Everything here is considered by
Aristotle. Aristotle was discussed only
in one sentence here
if I'm not wrong.
So nothing about that was discussed
in by Aristotle. So let me just clear it
and talk about it here. Look at the next
paragraph. Is there anything about
Aristotal or anything contradicting with
Aristotal or negation with Aristotal?
Third line. Yes, Aristotle is discussed
here. Now if you read that sentence in
the late 16th century, Galio deduced
that while gravitation propels all the
object to the ground at the same rate,
air resistance resulted in heavier
object appear to fall more quickly. his
theory contradicting earlier belief
system put in place by Aristotle and
others.
So this is where we have against
Aristotle. The question was not
considered by Aristotle. There were two
forces that were applied on that object.
One was gravitation and second was air
resistance.
Right? But this particular force was the
reason that was falling on uh that made
look heavier object falling more
quickly. First of all, second
gravitation was is not mentioned in the
options anywhere
is gravity fields which are different
completely than gravitation. So the only
option that is left as an answer is is
air resistance.
>> So how did we find the answer? Same
method which I was talking about
triangulation method. We ignored
literally a word called not considered
by someone. And the question has
something that is important you know
because if I say that Sam could not have
the session today and you say that Sam
had had a session today is this
opposite. So this was opposite of what
we found here. These particular forces
were discussed by Aristotle and here
they are talking about not considered.
That's why I said negative word is
important for us. We cannot ignore it at
all.
No chance. No chance. Right. Okay. Now
there's one more question type which is
similar to what we have called sentence
completion which I was I was thinking I
would not teach today so many methods
but this method this question type is
much much closer to the one which we are
studying. The same method going to be
used nothing going to be changed but
only what will change is the questions
will be lengthy. That's it. The method
will be same. So I have to just discuss
with you what why is it same and why are
we going to solve it together with this.
Okay one second. Um so this is called
summary completion. In summary
completion what do we have? We have
basically um sentences combined in the
form of a summary.
Sentences combined in the form of a
summary that we have. So if you look
here we have uh sentences and along with
that all the sentences are joined
together to create a summary. You can
see a completed summary below.
This question type as well can be solved
with the same method that we have seen
earlier that is you know like you we
were talking about and if you notice the
sentences have become really long. Now
what to do with this case you know I say
that guys apply the same method and
you're done. No that's not how I
generally teach. I tell you everything I
can to make it easier for you. Now when
the sentence become becomes really long,
we can break it into pieces to pieces to
understand it. Let me just make it
readable for everyone and then we can
break it into pieces.
Whenever we have a sentence, we always
have two pieces of it. For example,
generally I would say not always, let's
say, um I am not feeling
well today.
because I had uh
cold and I ate ice cream. Let's say okay
which two portions can be considered two
parts of the statement I am not feeling
well I had cold and I had ice cream fine
two pieces we are disconnecting the
sentence from the middle which is called
the because so such words called but
because or you know so these are the
conjunctions or the connectors basically
not conjunction but connectors you can
say that now what about this sentence
where can you break it from which part
will you break
So we have two parts here and they are
connected with as. When they're
connected with as that means they're
providing a reason for that
as or because of the same thing right
fine
based on this whole scenario because now
we broke the sentence into pieces now we
can easily get the answer what is this
blank about is it is it a is it a noun
pronoun adjective was what is it that's
a difficult question
it is about quality of people so this is
the The problem individual water usage
is rising dramatically. That's one way,
one thing you know. Okay. Yes, it is.
Individual water usage is rising
dramatically. Why is it rising?
Think about it. Why is it rising?
Because people who are living in such
places are becoming something
are becoming let's say not careful or
careless. You can say that right you can
that could be good correct answer right
people living in industrialized
countries become increasingly careless.
Now what is careless a quality which can
be called an adjective and also quality
of people we are understanding and
because of this quality individual usage
is rising for water definitely. So we
got multiple hints. Now let me just u
provide you the question. You can see
that because we broke down the sentence
into two pieces that is first one that
this one and second one this one based
on this itself we can say yeah it's
about people if you don't do that trust
me finding the answer in the passage
would be very difficult
because you don't know what are you
looking for then how would you find
you'll try to fit any word and if any
other word fits you would put it there
right so the correct answer let's search
it in the passage uh you tell me if you
see in the first paragraph or the second
paragraph
And we'll continue
question is that yes the water is going
upwards water usage increasing rapidly
as a country as countries industrialize
and their citizens these are the people
and their quality is mentioned as they
are becoming prosperous because of that
their individual water usage is rise
increasing rapidly. So correct answer is
prosperous. So you were right. It's
about people. It's equality and because
of this individual water usage is rising
dramatically. Correct answer is
prosperous.
Sorry if you do it this way you'll find
the answer easily. Let's try one more.
Okay. Let's try one more. As well as
increased consumption per capita the
growing demand for fresh water is due.
You can see the length of the sentence
has increased right. So what is the
meaning of this sentence? Let's see
that. as well as increased consumption
per capita. That means this is as well
as in the sense this as well. This is
one of them increased consumption per
capita. The growing demand for fresh
water is due to a bigger global than in
the past. So growing demand for fresh
water is because of first of all
increased consumption per capita. Second
due to a bigger global blank than in the
past. So two reasons for uh growing
demand for fresh water. Two reasons for
that. Number one is increased
consumption per capita. Number two,
something which is bigger and global
than in the past. So now if you notice
that the same theory we have discussed
earlier, if adjective is mentioned, we
are looking for a noun. These are
adjectives, right? Bigger global. So we
are looking for a noun. We don't know if
it's plural or singular, but we are
looking for a noun which has adjectives
connected to that called bigger and
global first of all.
Secondly, we are looking for demand for
fresh water increasing somewhere they
must have mentioned and one of them is
increased consumption per capita. If
these three things are mentioned, we'll
find the answer more easily. Right? So
let's just go to the to the passage and
try to uh look for the answer now.
Right? So this was the question and one
second. Last time we found in the first
paragraph in the first sentence itself
we have to go with the same paragraph
maybe or we go to the next paragraph if
you don't find it they have mentioned
increase per capita over here which is
mentioned in the first part and they
have mentioned grow larger and total
which is global bigger and global and
also yes they're meeting demand that
means growing demands for fresh water
everything is matching so larger total
help us to find exact word which is
population
so this is how hints can help in
figuring out the answer. Correct answer
is population
is reading flowchart completion.
>> But we'll start with a new question type
today which is called flowchart. So your
definition is perfect that we have a
diagrammatic rep definition or you know
representation plus we have something
called a process basically a process of
some kind of steps. Yeah. Right. This
was correct earlier but this process
part is half correct. Yes, some of the
diagrams or some of the flowcharts do
use process. We have other types of
flowcharts too. I think there should be
a T here. Okay. Flowcharts too. What are
those flowcharts? We'll see today in
both reading and listening. We'll start
with reading. In reading we have three
types of flowcharts. Okay. And three of
them are important and any of them can
be in exam. So I would suggest all of
you to keep an eye on these and start uh
taking notes separately for all the
types because if you take notes
separately for all the types and if you
apply the the strategy it'll be very
easy for you to find the answer.
The first type of flowchart that we have
is called
chronological or timebased flowchart.
What is chronological or time based
flowchart? Basically in this flowchart
we have something called a date, month,
year or some kind of time mentioned in
each like in each block. So it's not a
process per se. Process is true but
sometimes we have a different we have
different types of flowcharts. This is
called event type of flowchart, time
based flowchart or chronological
flowchart. So what happens here is
either in ascending or descending
depending on the paragraph we have some
uh events happening or dates with their
events. So instead of day month year
they can have date they can have month
they can have an hour as well that's
possible right. So that's what we call
chronological type of flowchart. So we
have year and we have an event
associated with it. Now, now not like I
said not necessarily an uh I mean a year
will be mentioned an hour or a day or a
month could be mentioned but it will be
according to the passage. Now what
should we do in this case? We just have
to do two things very simple two things.
Okay, write it down. If it is a
flowchart
and if this chart is about dates or
events or chronological type, this chart
can have like I said year um a year or
month or an hour or a day or whatever,
right? In this case, we only take care
of two things. The first one is called
the prediction,
not prediction. Sorry, that is the
second one. My bad. Not the prediction
action. That is enough. plus the date
whatever the time is mentioned date time
whatever is mentioned what is action
here action in the sense see there are
two kinds of actions happening here if
you notice that one is discovery of
something construction of something if
I'm not wrong yes it is a noun in this
context but something is happening right
so something was discovered which was
the boat so for us this with this verb
is not important which action is
important construction of something is
important
Why so? Because it is close to a blank.
It gives us information about the blank.
That means something was constructed in
1992 when boat was found. A boat was
discovered. Great. We have a nice
sentence to say there was something
constructed in 1992 when something was
discovered which was a boat. Right?
Okay. Look at the next one. Same thing
in 2002. So we have two actions here.
Now you have to tell me which action is
important. Is it held or gathered?
So because there is a blank and this
blank will have information based on
this action itself. In 2002 something
was held to get information. Basically
gather is used. Yes it's an action but
for the other data not for the blank.
Blank is connected to held. In 2002
something was held. Great. So you can
say with these two words itself you can
find the answer. You will see that it's
so easy straightforward. 1992 something
was constructed to find bold. Now look
at this one. Do you see 1992?
Yes, we see second paragraph third word.
And do you see anything constructed in
1992? A new road is mentioned here. Now
this could be correct but yes because
our question demanded us something was
constructed in 1992
and boat was discovered. Now there's
nothing about boat here mentioned. So we
have to search the boat. Boat is
mentioned in the next paragraph last
word.
They have found a prehistoric boat.
Right? Now if you go above
nowhere they have mentioned any
construction except for this particular
word. Now if you read without thinking
about construction what going to happen?
You'll search for board first. You'll
find it here. Now you're searching for
construction. What would you write?
Answer probably street
probably structure. So because we get
confused in that case always keep an
action eye on the action and then search
for everything else you will be easily
able to find the answer if this is not
the answer it will not fit both will not
be mentioned me mentioned here. So in
1992 something was constructed and to
find this particular thing once
everything is confirmed see this was we
are doing in a hurry but I mean to say
help with help and hints but in the end
you will be doing the same thing right
you'll do the 1992 road and see oh boat
is mentioned here great now if you go
below how many words are allowed will
also be mentioned in a flowchart only
one word and if you write two words
incorrect so one word is allowed at the
same time they have mentioned And
um I is mentioned so we don't need to
write even there. So answer is boat.
Don't need to write anything just a
boat. That mean is already mentioned.
The boat is the correct answer. In 2002
let's see something was held to get
information. Okay. So let's see 2002. Do
you see anywhere 2002? Of course
sequence is maintained. Last time you
found answer till here because what was
connected to that question. So we don't
have anything here I believe and we go
below. So in that case 2002 anywhere
there there we have anything called held
a synonym something was held in 2002
hosted a conference so answer is
conference
in 2002 what was held conference and
let's check if it was for the
information see we cannot leave half
information maybe they hosted something
and nothing else so we cannot leave it
and it is correct on the uh in 2002 on
the 10th anniversary of the discovery
the bronze age stage boat um hosted a
conference where this meeting of
different tradition became apparent and
apparently yes they did find information
about the boat and all the other that's
right answer is conference great so this
is straightforward there is no um no
worries about that and yes and is
already mentioned here answer is
conference so 2002 conference so simple
the first one is simple I'm telling you
just two things action and the date
action and the date next one uh This is
the first type. Second type that we have
will not be that easy. Sorry. And second
type is very similar to what you guys
have mentioned that is a process. It
will be a process. And remember whenever
it's a process there will always be a
title of the process. As you can see
here, you can see there's a title.
Always for a process there will be a
title. And this is important for us.
This is vital to find information. we
cannot jump to the question and you will
see how easy it becomes based on the
title.
So title tells one thing that the whole
flowchart will only contain information
about honeybees choose a new nest.
Remember that okay it cannot be about
anything else because the title itself
is about honeybees choosing a new nest.
Now what are the possibilities of this
information being present in one
paragraph?
quite high quite high. This will not be
present in the complete passage. This
will be present probably in one
paragraph, two paragraphs or max three
paragraphs because this is tiny process
from the complete passage. Chances of
this process to be the complete
paragraph uh the passage I mean is not
possible. Okay. Our task is to figure
out figure out if it is one paragraph or
more than one.
We don't have to search if it is two,
three or four. No, if it is more than
one, that means we don't have to search
anything. We'll go to question number
one. First, we search if it is one
paragraph. And how do we do that? Take
the title. Okay, search about the title.
That means where have they mentioned
honeybees using a new nest or honeybees
and a new nest? Both of them mentioned
together. Otherwise, how would we know
that is the that is the area, right?
Okay. Do you see anywhere honeybees and
nest mentioned together? I'll tell you a
nice trick. You you have to just search.
That's it.
Honey bees. Yes. That is of honeybee.
Anything about new nest on nest?
We have
we have this is about the new nest and
honeybees both of them. So this
paragraph is where we might have
information might have. Okay. After you
find the title somewhere, don't read
anything. Just say, "Okay, this
paragraph is important for me." Go to
the next paragraph. Do you see honey
bees and new nest?
No, you don't see any honey bees or new
nest. Great. That means this is the only
paragraph we have. Sometimes you might
find some honeybees or new nest or only
new nest mentioned here somewhere. That
means okay this paragraph might have
some information. So the process
continued. They have provided help uh
they have provided information in two
paragraphs. That that's a possibility,
right? So we cannot ignore that
paragraph. We have to also read that
paragraph. But in this case only one
paragraph important. Great. Now our task
become easy and we just have to solve it
like like we solve blanks you know. So
in our in our previous sessions we have
solved blanks. If it is difficult blank
we solve it with our strategy of blank
method. Otherwise you can just go with
the prediction and action method. So
something is something is exploring
basically something right? some type of
honeybee is exploring possible nest
sites. So we are looking for prediction
and action. Uh they perform what is
known as a blank on the return. So
something that is performed. So probably
an exercise, probably a regime or
probably um a dance or I don't know a
ritual possibly. If the blank is
difficult to understand, you can use the
blank method which is you know multiple
hints about the blanks and you'll find
the answer. But the only thing you have
to understand is how many paragraphs are
important? One or more than one? More
than one generally it's not more than
two. It's two or three max. Okay. I mean
it's not more than three. Two or three
max. Okay. So this is easy. This is
literally easy. You just have to go for
okay what type of honey bees explore new
nest.
Uh I mean explore possible nest. That's
it. So it's not something I'm going to
go with practice. But yes, you because
you have already solved blanks. We're
not going to go with one question
either.
Last one is a problem. The reason it's a
problem is not about the question type
is different or strategy is different.
It's the way they represent the data.
Now sometimes what do they do? They
might provide in bullet points or they
might provide in provide in numbers as
well this kind of data. Okay, there's a
lot of data but it's in numbers
basically 1 2 3 or bullet points like
this.
Why would it be a problem? You will see
that one second. So this is a flowchart
where they have mentioned on the top the
title and we have some questions. Now
whenever this is a bullet point, chances
are that each bullet point is
corresponding to one of the boxes in the
um the flowchart. So this is the title
let's say. So the first bullet point is
talking about the first one, second one,
third about the third one and so on,
right? Chances are there. And how can we
confirm the chances? In order to confirm
the chances, chances you have to do
again two steps. Step one, read what is
the title and where is the title
mentioned and how is it mentioned.
Number two, count the number of bullet
points or the number of you know
paragraphs they have created below that.
So becomes apparently clear that oh this
is same thing that they have mentioned
one bullet point equal to one box or one
step. Okay let's see
title says suggested stages in a
planning process. Fine. They're talking
about some kind of planning process and
some kind of stages in that pro process.
Right? Okay. Let's go above. If you
notice that if you read the previous
one, you will find that the typical
stages in the planning process are
explained below. That means these are
the steps. So these are the stages.
Stage one, stage two, stage three like
this. Right? I I hope you understand,
right? These are the stages that we
have. That means yes, they're talking
about stage one, stage two, stage three.
But just in case to confirm, count the
number of boxes. One. This is the first
one, right? This is the title. Initial
one is the title. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 and 8.
And if you count the number of bullet
points, you know, if they're not same,
we have to not think that each bullet
point will have one answer. If it is
same eight, that means it's fine. 1 2 3
4 5 6 7 and 8. That means that means one
bullet point equal to one stage. Now
think about it. We don't have any blank
here.
Do we need to worry about it?
No. So first one we don't have to worry.
That means first stage that they have
mentioned we can ignore. Second thing it
it depends on you how you want to solve
it using action prediction or the method
we have discussed with blank. But the
most important part is I'll show you
something. Let's let's solve one and you
will see it. Decide and define plans
exact something. So we are here deciding
or defining and also something connected
to plans exact something. Okay, plans
exact something. So we have word exact
that means an adjective. We looking for
a noun of the plan because they have
mentioned apostrophe. Yes, that means it
it is about plan right? And if you take
this question and go to the passage and
look at the first stage because first
stage we don't need to worry about right
we don't need to worry because they say
that first stage can no does not contain
any blank. Look at the second one
directly. Do you see the answer here?
For the second one,
exactly the answer is a. Do we need to
read the remaining sentences for the
next question?
We don't. In see, normally or you can
say typically if you found the first
answer in the first sentence itself, for
the second question, we cannot ignore a
single sentence. But here it is allowed
because you figured out a way that it
can be allowed. And how so? Because the
next sentence, the next question is from
the next bullet point. We know that each
step is mentioned separately. First is
this, next step is this, next is this.
So we're not going to read this even. So
how much time have we saved? If a person
knows these, you know, tricks, they can
solve this flowchart in a record
breaking time of just 2 minutes.
Why? One sentence. I write found the
answer. I'm I'm not going to read this.
Let's continue. If I found somewhere,
okay, this is the answer. Let's go. So
this is this is crazy fast because you
know what to ignore, what to not ignore.
So this was just difficult one. I I mean
it's not that difficult compared to the
previous samples. It's difficult. It's
not that difficult. Obviously
>> is reading table completion.
>> Easy one is table completion in reading.
And what is table completion? Table
completion actually is u uh apparently
in both listening and reading and in
there we have in a table generally
speaking we have something called
horizontal line and vertical lines. Can
anyone tell me what are those horizontal
lines called? Let me just draw them. In
a table we have horizontal lines. Uh oh
bad line.
What are these horizontal lines called
in a table?
I believe rows, right?
Okay. And the vertical ones,
columns,
right? So, we have rows and columns,
right? Rows and columns. When rows and
columns combine, we get something called
a cell. Okay? So, rows, columns, and
cell. Okay. So we have cells here. Cells
contain information. Now the first row
and the first column cell always contain
information which is called heading
information. Information about a
heading. For example, if I write here um
students okay and I write here ID then I
write here um um let's say sessions uh
in sessions present and whatever it is.
Okay. And subject you have gone through.
And then I write name here. XY Z is the
name. ABC is the name. So these are the
title rows and title columns. The first
one are always the heading or the title.
Right? But what it has to do with the
table that we are understanding in
reading or listening. They always
provide us information about the
remaining
cell. So this one is about ABC for the
session. This one is about ABC and about
this one. So basically they the if you
understand a row from this perspective
of title rows, cells and columns it
becomes easy for us to figure out what
the answer is. So I'm going to show you
an example of a reading table completion
which is then which will become honestly
very easy then once you look at that
it'll be easy. Okay. Okay. Let me um
share my display then we'll discuss uh
that particular table. Then we have a
passage on the top and a table below. If
you look at this table, we have some
heading as you can see species, size,
preferred climate, um, complimentary
species, start of active period and
number of generations. You don't have to
go through everything. Okay, just go
through number of words. How many are
they? And then look at number nine. Now
number nine can be understood from the
cell above it. So cool is giving
information about number nine.
Spanish is giving information about
number 13. Right? So basically what
they're saying is we are looking for the
preferred climate for Spanish species
which looks like cool. similar word as
cool which is a climate of course we are
looking for complimentary species which
is connected to let's say Spanish again
we're talking about no sorry no no no
compliment speed sorry we don't need
that we need this one start of active
period which is for Spanish it is
similar to late spring maybe early
spring late autumn early autumn or early
winter we don't we don't know that right
same way here
for Spanish we'll see a number or range
and they have mentioned number of
generations per year so it becomes very
Easy because we don't have to read much
firstly. Second, we have to just search
the information in the passage. Easy,
straightforward. And we do we have to
think about the keyword and all. No,
keywords are provided to you directly.
In fact, hint is also provided. So, this
is the easiest question type in your
reading because everything is provided.
You don't have to read the full
sentence. You don't have to break the
sentence into half. Nothing. You don't
have to do anything.
Let's have a look at the question and
and one one one question and see that
we're looking for preferred climate for
Spanish species. So we search Spanish
and climate of preferred climate for
that species.
If you look here you would see that uh
in the first one they have not mentioned
anything about Spanish species. In the
second one they have mentioned that. Can
you find that we have found over here
Spanish species if you if you can see
that right? But if you notice that there
is no there is no um something called um
climate and if you go to the next
paragraph they have mentioned in this
particular part Spanish and also they're
talking about the climate here autumn
summer and everything. So probably this
is where you'll find the answer. That's
the whole thing. You read that area you
find the answer. It's not that
difficult. Okay stable completion what
you're supposed to do is connect with
this and this you find the answer. Now
there's one more thing. If you go to the
10th one, you can easily find it in the
sequence with ninth. So ninth one when
you found let's say over here then the
second one for the 10th one you have to
look in the next sentence itself. I mean
whatever the information comes next to
it. Sequences maintained in table
completion too. So this is called table
completion. It's very straightforward
because we don't have to read the
statement. There are no statements. They
are just phrases and sometimes they're
only words instead of phrases. So this
is called table completion. Now
sometimes they create fake table. What
is a fake table? In your exam you might
see sometimes statement or sometime
tables which look like table they are
not table and we we use this strategy.
When we use such strategy it doesn't
work. What happens in this strategy?
I'll show you. Okay. So we have a
passage like always and then we have
some questions in a table and the
questions is complete the table below.
But if you notice that these questions
are not one word or one phrase. These
are full sentences. And if you look at
test and findings, we don't have test
and findings separately mentioned as
titles. Okay, the title is Benefits of
being bilingual. That means speaking two
languages, right? Okay. No way there's
nothing about test or anything, right?
So how do we find
in this case? We don't treat it like a
table. Whenever there is a table which
has full sentences, remember that full
sentences, we don't treat it like a
table. We treat it like sentence
completion
because it's a full sentence. What do we
have? And we don't even have any uh
title mentioned somewhere test somewhere
finding no. So they will go in sequence
of the questions. So first one this then
this will be mentioned in the passage
then this one. So don't try to solve it
with table completion. These are fake
tables. try to solve them with sentence
completion. Sometimes they I don't know
why do they do that but they they
convert the question into something else
right so please uh don't get misleaded
by this and get this answer um easily I
mean by just solving a sentence
completion blank method search for
example observing the blank of Russian
English bilingual people when asked to
select certain objects so we're looking
for Russian English bilingual people and
what are they observing so now you go to
the passage above you search for
bilingual people and I believe here
Russian English Russian Russian English
bilingual people have mentioned here
probably somewhere close to that we have
the answer right so this is how you
always should go for if it's a fake
table and fake table how do we recognize
we recognize using the strategy of um if
the sentences are full and also either
row or or column is missing
is reading matching ending
The next question type is also from
reading and it is called matching
ending. Now matching ending kind of
question you might not have seen in your
whole life and you might not in future
as well because this question is only 5%
possible in exam but it is there
sometimes. So we cannot ignore it.
According to official website we have
such questions in exam. So we'll have a
look at that. Okay. Uh so it's called
matching ending. What will they do in
this question type? They'll take some
statements and they break the other half
the remaining sentence into pieces.
Okay. So let's say this sentence is not
full. This sentence is not full either.
None of them is full. They're rem their
remaining half in this case you know and
they are mentioned in the form of
options. One of these four um six
options will be correct for this. Same
goes here. One of the six options will
be correct for this. So you have to find
that option and write it here. So what
is the best method? See there is
something called uh you can say the
forceful method. You can just go for
that. Okay. For example, you read
nutrients contained in the news part of
harvest crop. You search for everything.
You read everything, understand
everything, find everything. That's
everything is not a good strategy
because that waste lot of time. We need
to find a method that does not waste lot
of time. And how do we do that? Well,
you know that this is half statement.
That means we are looking for the the
the other half, right? The remaining uh
question. What is this remaining
question about? Let's see.
What do you think is the remaining
question about
read this the initial half and tell me
what could it could it be about?
It's about nutrients. Okay. Nutrients
which are in a news part of harvest crop
but it is about nutrients in the end.
Okay.
Then what are the other example where
the the statement remaining half is
about something and the statement is
about something else. Is that possible?
Yes, it is possible. For example, Sam
uh is using a computer
which now tell me what is the remaining
sentence about
computer is it computer? Yes. So maybe
which is um super fast or works pretty
well when required or not that fast and
doesn't has a lot of issues. Right. So
it's about the computer not Sam at all.
So if you search about keep searching
about Sam there you will be searching
for no reason you just get information
about Sam. So we search about uh
computer which belongs to Sam. Yes that
is specific information but we are
searching about computer keeping in mind
we're looking for computer that's how we
search for this kind of question. So we
have to search if they are talking about
nutrients or unused part or synthetic
fertilizer or hab B what is the
remaining sentence about that's the only
thing you should search for. So for
example nutrients contained in the
unused part of harvest crops. Okay this
is the question you said we're looking
for nutrients which are present in
unused part of harvest crop but we are
targeting on nutrients. Good. Look
above. Do you see nutrients mentioned
anywhere?
No. Okay. Anyway, nutrients here.
Second paragraph they have mentioned
when the plants grow they remove
nutrients from the soil. But when the
plants die and decay they these
nutrients are returned directly to the
soil. Oh this that's indefinitely
they're talking about nutrients. They
are saying that in the jungle in the
forest nutrients are following a cycle.
So when they when they grow they take
nutrients right from the soil to grow
and when they die they give it back to
the soil. Basically that's what they're
saying. Humans tend not to return a new
part of harvested crops directly to the
soil and enrich it. Meaning that the
soil become less fertile. In the past we
have developed. Now look at the last
sentence. It is not about nutrients.
This is something else. Till here we are
talking about nutrients. So whatever you
have read that's more than enough. And
understand what are they saying
indirectly. And now go to the the
questions or the options and it is
clearly mentioned you know what they're
trying to say here. If you go to the
options can you choose one option what
we read based on what we read
question is nutrients that is contained
in unused part of harvested crops.
So they have mentioned in jungle they go
back to the soil you know the nutrients
but unused part of harvested crops are
by humans they they know they don't care
if they don't harvest it. So the unused
part will be unused part of nutrients
will not go back to the soil and that's
the correct answer. Let's see. Have a
look at one more. Okay, just to confirm
that that you understood it. Synthetic
fertilizers produced with habit boss
process. In this case, what is the
remaining sentence about habit boss
process or synthetic fertilizer?
Synthetic fertilizer. Hab boss process
is if they write which or that that
becomes then it becomes habos. If they
mention synthetic fertilizer produced
with this one. Now synthetic fertilizer
takes a precedence right?
>> Yeah.
>> Y okay. So synthetic fertilizer
important. Yes. This fertilizer is
specific kind of fertilizer produced
with hyper was process. And if you go
above in the passage last answer we
found in C till here I believe till
here. So I don't think synthetic
fertilizer was discussed here. Do you
see anything here? Yes we have. solution
came in 20th early century have a boss
process synthetic fertilizer and they've
used the word fertilizer here as well
farmers have been putting syntheicic
fertilizer nothing about synthetic
fertilizer yet they just farmers are
putting that's it farmers are important
they're not going to based on one
sentence get put the answer they will
have a lengthy at least three to four
sentences okay always because they're
trying to you know shr uh shrink the
information in in one sentence of what
you're reading look at the next one
synthetic chemical fertilizer now
they're discussing
Chemical fertilizers can release
polluting nitrous oxide into the
atmosphere and excess of is often washed
away from the rain releasing uh nitrogen
into the river into river. More recently
we have found that the incre
discriminate use of fertilizers hurts
the soil itself turning it acidic and
salty and degrading the soil. They are
supposed to nourish. Pretty lengy about
fertilizer. I believe fertilizer part is
over here. We don't have any fertilizer
here. They're talking about basically
how it is polluting nitrous oxide into
the atmosphere and into the rain going
to the rivers and also indiscriminate
use of it. It is not good. It's bad for
the soil actually. Okay. Any option that
is minimizing about the synthetic fert
synthetic fertilizer here? So we have
air pollution, water pollutions and
um land pollution. So answer is E. E is
the correct answer.
Very nice. This is how you can find the
answer in sentence ending. It's not that
difficult I must say that right and it's
very rare almost four to 5% are the
chances uh you can say that if there are
100 tests only five tests will have this
question type
>> is writing part two essay question types
>> speaking we already have understood
writing um and speaking descriptors how
they are being organized today we going
to do something really interesting and
that is understanding how do we think of
topics how do we think of content that's
what we're going going to do today.
Right? Okay.
So, there are multiple stages of
understanding writing part two. Part one
will take one day. Part one will take
one day. That's it. Nothing else. Not
more than that. Right?
I'm talking about essay writing. In any
essay writing, we have multiple stages
of understanding. One second. Let me
just get rid of it. Okay. In essay
writing, we have something called first
of all introduction, body paragraph,
conclusion. Right?
There's something we are missing here
which is understanding the question.
Without that you will not be able to
write any of these. Right? Apart from
that understanding the question there
comes something called
content. So this is separate. This is
only the structure I'm talking about.
Let's say how many sentences which
sentences but content is which what kind
of paragraphs should I write? That is
content writing. So today we'll see how
to write content. Secondly, we also
understand how many question types are
there and um what types are considered
types of ISS, what types of not
considered files. So, we're going to see
that in today's in uh today's session.
By the end of the session, you'll be
able to think by yourself. So, for now,
you might be like, "Oh, Sam, this is the
question. I don't know what to how to
create the answer."
But after the session, you'll be able to
do it within a span of five to six
minutes. You'll be able to create
amazing content. So just uh keep
enjoying the session. Talking about the
types in any um exam you will always get
one question only. But this particular
question of essay will be there from the
five possible types of um essays. Okay.
There are five possible types of essay
essay questions. Out of these you will
get one question and you have to
compulsorily
write that answer. Now you can change
the sequence by the way if you do not
know in IS writing we have two parts
part one and part two right
this is not something like oh you have
to write part one first then part two
because you get both together and you
have 60 minutes to write all of them
it's up I mean both of them it's up to
you if you want to start with part two
and if you want to jump to part one
after that it's up to you there is no
hard and fast rule such as oh you have
to write part one first no you don't
have
All right.
So the question the point was what are
these five types of questions? Because
if I don't tell you the types what going
to happen you'll be confused like um Sam
I I never saw this in in our class and
they are asking in exam how can I
resolve this problem right so today
we're going to see those five types and
yes it'll take us 5 minutes of
presentation and you'll be able to
understand that it's not a big deal
we'll be able to easily understand those
five types instantly right so let me
just uh start the presentation and we
will be able to all uh see it Right. One
second. Where is it? Oh, there it is.
Okay. So, they we are call them we call
them essay types here and there are
total five types. But there can be
subtypes of as well. The first type is
the most common type. Almost 60 to 70%
of the time you will get this question
type which is called agree or disagree.
Okay, this is the first type that we
have. In agree, we have something called
subtypes. So, agree and disagree is not
one question type. We have two in there.
We can call them subtypes.
Okay. Two sub uh two types that we have
inside them. The first one is called the
extent type. What is the extent? Now
whenever you have an option of choosing
this rather than that, right? Let's say
whatever the statement is. Um in that
case you have an option of extent. For
example, government government should
promote should spend money on railways
rather than roads or let's say uh
government should spend money on um
medical treatment rather than school or
any question wherever we have rather
than or an option of you know comparing
they will always use the word extent and
the reason they're using it not to write
20% 30% extent no they're using this
word extent to ask You how much out of
the statement do you understand? Not by
percent value but which part for example
government should spend money uh on
railways and not on roadways. If you
also believe the same thing that yes
railway are important roads are not
important that is called totally
okay agree. If you say government should
spend monies and money on roads but they
cannot ignore railways they are also
important that is called partially
agreement.
Okay, you're partially agreeing with it.
You're not agreeing completely. You're
agreeing with this part, but you're not
not agreeing with the other part because
change, right? They're saying instead of
roads, this is only important. You say
this is also important. This is also
important. This is called partial agree.
What if you say that no roads are
important, railway is not important.
That is called totally disagree.
you went completely opposite
right so that's also one way to think
about this what is totally agree and
what is totally disagree now most
student what they want to write is they
want to write partially agree they say
that Sam we can write both side and I'll
go with partially agree I'll be fine
there's a problem with partially agree
let me let me uh erase everything and
and make it clear to
Like I said there are two sides
government should spend money on
railways and then we have something
called roads both the sides right and
you say I want to go with partially
agree I will say that this is also
important that is also important when we
say I partially agree
you are supposed to prove that this is
important as well as this now if
somewhere you are pos plus or minus here
and there what going to happen you will
be confused you will be confused at the
same time you will confuse your reader
So for example, you're writing
introduction. Okay? Then you're writing
one body paragraph about this side.
Another body paragraph about this side.
But in this body paragraph, you're not
writing some concrete points. You're
writing one point. Here you're writing
multiple points, three points,
important, really good points, arguments
you can say. And then conclusion. But
you said I partially agree in the sense
this is also important for you. Now
you're confusing the reader. You will
not get good marks for that. So what's
the solution for this problem of
partially? Never go with partially.
always go with either totally agree
or totally disagree. When we say I
totally agree or totally disagree the
the solution the the reason why it's
good is because you write only one side
then you write either about road
railways or about roads. So you don't
have to justify yourself that I have
written less or more. Basically there
you only write one side. Yes you write
one statement at the end about the other
side but not like you're writing
separate uh
huge arguments about the other side.
That is called totally agreement or
totally disagreement and I always want
you to go with that because that is easy
to explain not because you cannot write
totally disagree or totally agree you
can explain or important arguments that
that's not going to work out you will
have issues always choose when it comes
to extent either totally agree or
totally disagree that's it that's what
my point is and yes this is the question
type called extent now when I'm when I'm
asking you guys um these I'm showing you
with you guys these questions. Do not
yet think about how will I write the
answer? What will be the first sentence?
What will be the introduction? What will
be the body paragraph? No need to do any
of that yet. What's the reason for that?
Because this is not the session for us
to understand answers. We are
understanding only the questions. If the
question and the type of that question,
we can have subtypes like we have here.
If it is understood, we are, you know,
good to go, right? We don't need to
worry about answer yet. will be a will
different uh different class for that.
All of you clear about this guys?
We don't know that. Maybe once you pay
for the railways, let's say initial
construction, maybe they will pay later
back better, right? People travel more
in trains. So we don't know that. But
it's just initially it's it's a little
bit expensive. That's it.
>> So we have to think from that
perspective. What do you believe in?
What are your thoughts about that? Now
advantage and disadvantage will be like
you said the second part we we'll come
to that right so we cannot write
advantage like this right okay now
second type we have seen here extend
word and we chose not to write I'm not
saying you cannot you can write the
partial part but generally we are not
able to explain it properly that's
what's happened if you if you can go
with it I don't mind it but try not to
okay the second one is direct agreement
or disagreement there's no word extent
here if you notice that it's not present
and here we don't have a fight with any
other thing. For example, some people
feel that entertainers are paid too much
money. They're not saying that
entertainers are paid too much money and
engineers are not. Let's say let's say
this is their ch this is their thinking.
Do you agree? This is not about
comparing. They just think
straightforward one statement
entertainers are paid too much money. Do
you agree? Yes. Let's say you say yes.
Yes. Then why do you think this way?
What are your reasons that you write in
the answer that is later but if you
notice the previous question we had a
kind of a you know one versus one kind
of stuff here we don't have one one
versus one you will only get one topic
you have to choose that topic and say
why the statement is true about that
particular topic
all of you see the difference between uh
extent and non-extend question there we
had something to compare for example
railways um let's say it takes a lot of
amount to to construct and all those
stuff. So you chose that you know
initially it's okay but later you get
paid for that. Those are the things
you're writing right here. We don't have
to worry about other party or let's say
other people right? You're just saying
yeah they are paid too much money done.
Third not third but the second type
itself. First one agree or disagree.
Second type is advantage and
disadvantage. Now you will see the
difference between agree and disagree
and advantage and disadvantage. In the
case of advantage and disadvantage as
well we have subtype. Okay. The first
one is called normal or direct or posit
direct or positive or negative
development. What does it mean by direct
positive or negative development? They
will not ask you to choose a side. They
will say that we have a statement and
you write some good points about this
and some bad points about it. That's it.
So for example,
countries are becoming more and more uh
similar because people are able to buy
same products anywhere in the world.
It's a fact.
Yes, you have Amazon, you have Flipkart,
you have um globalization. Every country
is trying to buy products from somewhere
else. Almost 30% products are imported.
In other country can say that we also
import 30%. From other countries so
basically there is import export going
on. So people are similar. This is a
fact. But how good is it for humans
or how bad it is for them? This is what
we have to write. So what are the
advantages and disadvantages of this
development? This is what they're
asking. In here, you write equally both.
If not equally, plus or minus 10% is
okay.
You don't have to create a fight because
they're not asking for a fight. They're
not saying is this good or this is
important or that is important. No, they
are saying write about both please.
Because the question starts with what
that means a list kind of question. Now,
if you look at the next question in
here, you write equally. For example,
introduction one paragraph for
advantage. Then we write one paragraph
for disadvantage. Then conclusion done.
There is no need to think about what
have I written. Will there be if one
point here and there nobody can deduct
your marks for the task response. But
the next question type is outweigh. Now
the word outweigh means there is more
weightage something has than the other
thing. For example,
online classes, they definitely are
better than um most of the cases I would
say they are better than um normal
classes because there is no difference
left anymore that technology could do
anything. You know, we are studying
here, we are writing on pen, you have
homework, you have class, everything. So
online is outweighing the traditional
method these days, right? So earlier it
wasn't because softwares were not that
advanced. We just were looking at each
other's face and talking. That was not
good. So online has more weightage
that's why it is outweighing the
traditional method. So outweigh in the
sense having more weightage on one side.
So questions will start with do or does
because they're asking you which side do
you go with want to go with yes or no?
Many museums charge for admission while
others are free. So this charging for
people for museum part. What are the
advantages? Not what do you think
advantages are more than disadvantages?
outweighing in the sense advantages more
than disadvantages. Do you think that if
you say yes I believe advantages outward
disadvantages you definitely have to
write more on advantage side less on
disadvantage side if you say no I don't
believe in this I feel opposite is true
that means disadvantages are outweighing
advantages you write more on
disadvantages and less on advantages
outweigh in the sense having more
weightage not necessarily completely
gone other side right so you write both
sides but one you write a little bit
more one you write little little less in
the previous one we don't have that we
write equally because they're not asking
us for you know one versus another
clear all of you the difference between
normal and outway.
Yeah. Okay. Good. So this these were the
only the two types yet. So agree
disagree advantage disadvantage. Now we
go to the third one. Discuss both views.
Here you have to talk about both equally
first of all and then choose your
opinion. In the previous one, agree or
disagree, we choose our opinion first
and only discuss one. They're asking
you, you know, exclusively or
deliberately. Please discuss both of
them first.
Whatever you think about them, positive,
negative, not positive, your opinion,
whatever it is about these two topics.
Inside that you will get two topics
about one particular um main idea. Some
people say that only reason for learning
a foreign language is in order to travel
to work or or work in a foreign country.
This is my view one about that
particular topic. Sorry. Others say that
there are no these are not the only
reason why someone should travel. That
means there other reasons rather than
this. So to learn a foreign language we
have two views. View one is we do it
only to travel or work in a foreign
country. But view two is we
there are other reason we can do that
for other reasons such as interest such
as let's say profession such as let's
say um for our kids whatever it is so we
now have to discuss this one then this
one and then at the end in the
conclusion you write your opinion like
why which one do you want to go with
it's opposite right in our agree or
disagree we used to write first what is
our opinion then we explain one of them
here we explain both of them equally and
because of one particular argument In
the conclusion, you choose your opinion.
Clear all of you?
I hope this is not that difficult to
understand. It's easy. This was the
third type. There are no subtypes here
available. Okay. The fourth one is
called problem and solution. Now,
problem and solution is uh something
where we have types some something
called first one only solution. They ask
for they don't care for the problem. For
example, in many countries, schools have
severe problems with student behavior
and what solutions can you suggest. Now,
they are not asking you why are these
problems there? First of all, what will
be the problems because of these
problems? What are the causes of these
problems? They don't care. What they
want is solution.
And if you notice that second type, we
have problem and solution. Now, look at
this one. In some countries, the average
weight of people is increasing and their
health level of health and fitness are
decreasing. What do you think are the
causes of these problems and what
measures could be taken to solve them?
They're asking you specially what are
the causes and what solutions we
require. So this question type is called
problem and solution. The previous one
was only solution. There is no required
for problem. So in here deliberately we
have to create one paragraph for causes
only. Sorry. Then we can write as many
as you want for solution. one only two
three doesn't matter
that we see in our body paragraph
writing how many you should write and
why you should write that way and this
way there are the structures so
introduction then you write in body
paragraph one about the the causes that
is extra here in the previous one you
don't have to create separate paragraph
because they don't they're not asking
you to do so right and the last but not
the least is direct question direct
question is when they ask you multiple
questions generally two questions so we
have number one number
about a statement in some countries they
around the world men and women are
having children later in life. What are
the reasons for this development and
what will be the effect on society and
family life? They're not asking about
let's say um
what are the causes and what are the
solutions. No, they're they're asking
what are the reasons and what will be
the effect on society. This is called
two-part question or called direct
question. So these are the five types
that we have. Agree disagree has two
types. Advantage, disadvantage are two
type. Discuss has only one. Problem
solution has two type. Direct question
has only one. That's why I say there are
eight types if you count them. But uh
technically speaking there are only five
types. Is writing part two planning
method. It's important to take in
account a question. Without a question
you'll be like no I'm just giving you
theory with an example. When I show you
you will be like okay Sam this is making
sense. There's a question here in front
of us and we are able to think of the
answer that that is making sense to me.
Right? So we need a question and I would
go with a question which is little bit
um fun to read at the same time fun to
write as an answer and uh here's a
question about common topic called
health right health is an important
aspect of uh IELS I've seen most every
almost every third um 30% of the time
it's about health question health
related question. So let's take this
question in account called uh people are
eating too much fast food these days
right and that's why they have issues
for example in some countries an
increasing number of people are
suffering from health problems as a
result of eating too much fast food
right it is therefore necessary for
governments to impair uh to impose a
higher tax on this kind of food so
what's happening what are they saying
here they are saying that people are
creating for themselves health issues
Okay. And hence sorry in order to solve
it we it is it is really important or
necessary for government to impose
higher tax.
That's what their view is right. Okay.
What are we supposed to do? We are
supposed to write the answer. That means
we start with P part. P stands for
planning. In planning we have two parts.
Now listen carefully. This is important.
First part is reading the question plus
statement. Both of them. Why are we
reading the question plus statement?
This is the question here and this is
the statement. Because without
understanding the question type, we
won't be able to understand what
perspective. We have to think about
advantage. We have to think about
agreement. We have to think about
discuss both views. So we have to think
about extent agree and disagree.
We have to think about this part. Okay.
Now in some countries they have
mentioned here. So when now we read the
question when we read the question we
understand the question as well. Both
you read you understand that. Okay, what
is the second part? Second part is
underlining. Let me write it here.
Underline important words and phrases,
right? What are what what are we
underlining? Important words and
phrases. And why are we doing that? You
will understand in a second that as
well. Let me just underline some things.
Okay. Some countries um people health
problems eating too much fast food
necessary governments higher tax. We
underline some important phrases and
words for a reason. See, okay, tell me
one thing. How can we write some
countries? What are the possible
synonyms and phrases of some countries?
Some certain nations, certain countries,
certain people, certain places. You can
say that good. People can be written as
but when we categorize them as only
teenagers, we are changing the question
a bit. We say individuals, they all are
covered, right? So try to use such
words. Health problems.
What can we say here? Bad physical
condition, a health ailment, sickness,
illness. That's right, Nitra. That could
be good. Or um issues with the health.
Such statements can be written. Eating
too much fast food. It's a phrase here.
Unhealthy food. Yes, that's right. Fast
food is unhealthy food. Anything else
about eating too much?
>> Overeing. This is the word I was looking
for. Eating too much is overeating of
junk food or unhealthy food. Right? What
if we say excessive consumption of junk
food?
Better.
All of you knew this word, right?
Excessive consumption. Excessive
consumption of junk food. Fine.
Necessary can become mandatory,
important, right? Government can become
governing bodies. Higher taxes is more
tax. So what are we doing here? We all
have words for every phrase that we have
here. But we are poking in our head,
right? Which part of the head we have to
poke or which area we have to poke to
bring out lexical resources from this.
You have to you know train our brain to
be ready otherwise what going to happen
in exam you'll be sitting and like oh
let me think of the words that no you
have to be you know ready for the answer
but before that poke your brain what
should I write about this what should I
so we are doing this in order to enhance
your lexical resources psychologically
speaking you're not writing words
anywhere you're thinking about them what
will I write like this that's it and
this is important really important for
your lexical resources so underlining
words and phrases and thinking about
them just for 20 seconds as well, 30
seconds as well will be enough for you
to kind of uh restart your brain in that
angle on that angle. Our brain is really
smart you know the you know what is the
best thing brain does
the biggest quality our brain has and if
it doesn't not there we'll we'll we'll
die tomorrow probably we we'll not
survive not tomorrow we'll not survive
even today
computers don't have that that's the one
thing they have
and that will be used for as well our
brain can forget things.
If it feels that it is not required for
your survival,
if it is not required for your survival
or for your future, it will forget that
thing. Think of so many of your friends
and their you know family members. Their
name you remember now you don't
remember. Why? Because you don't meet
them. So many people so many things you
did you forgot because it was bad or
good or okayish for you. But certain
things you kept because it was important
for your survival. Same way here your
brain has that somewhere right? So you
want to remember that and how do we
remember that? By poking your brain.
That's why I said it's important to do
so. So planning method is done. Planning
part is done. Supposed to understand now
uh the remaining topic that is the
organization part the O part. We only we
only did um what is planning right? So
organization phase is the most important
phrase of your um our planning part not
sorry uh the whole process that we are
doing the power method why is it so
important let's us write here first of
all organization and and before we
understand that you will you will get
the organization phase easily which side
do you want to go with agree or disagree
which side do you want to choose the
question if the question is like this
that it is really important for
government to impose higher taxes. Okay.
To solve this problem, do you agree with
this or do you disagree with this?
Agree. Great. Very nice. So when we say
agree, we have to write the argument or
point just one point at a time. Okay.
Organization phase is clear. Now we go
to the next part. So we have already
completed the preart that is P O. Now
comes the the writing the main part.
Then we'll go with the post part E and
R. The writing part has now changed to
typing as well because some people are
going for CBT if I'm not wrong some are
thinking about CBT some people are still
going for writing now let's coming to
the point about writing that writing
plus typing both will be possibility for
all in case of writing the biggest
problem are actually in pen and paper
itself number one problem is handwriting
handwriting if it is weak or if you if
your handwriting is not legible they
will deduct mass for
For sure if an writing is legible if it
is not that you know pretty but it's
okay then it's okay but if it is not
legible there'll be red mark for first
number second you have to count your own
words by yourself so basically we have
to write minimum 250 words what if you
write 240 words you get penalty 249 you
get penalty we have to write minimum 250
251 and then as many as you want there's
no upper limit so we have to count our
own words that is one more problem that
we have number three if you have written
done something let's say and I want to
change the sequence later there is no
chance you have to erase it
amendments are not easy in writing when
it comes to right in typing these things
are solved easily handwriting not an
issue because you're typing here problem
solved number two counting there is
always um a counter below under the
writing notepad thingy so you will have
a counter how many words and last you
can cut paste your own paragraphs not
from outside but cut paste your own
paragraphs that mean oh I can change the
sequence but these are the problems I'm
telling you directly right every day
I'll tell you keep telling you one thing
or good good and bad thing both about
CBT and pen and paper you can decide for
yourself and by seven session you will
be able to decide we'll have a full test
for that right okay so now you
understand once you've done everything
you can start uh writing and typing and
it's done because you already have
organized you have created a body
paragraph typing or writing will not be
that big deal after you have done typing
or writing you go with E part that is
evaluation. You evaluate your answer. So
evaluation actually is only only about
logic.
Let's say I have written in my
introduction I agree with this point.
Okay, in my introduction and I didn't
notice that I've written more on
disagreement side. Right? So my body
paragraph are going towards
disagreement. This is not a good idea.
Second thing I feel that points are not
properly organized. Again logic is not
fulfilled. So logic is if I'm reading my
body paragraph along with conclusion.
I'm I'm I'm writing two times body
paragraph. Not necessary. You can write
three body paragraphs as well. We'll see
later. But yes, if you're reading from
top to bottom, it should make sense what
you have declared what is what you have
proven and with some nice conclusion. If
it is making sense, your logic is also
done. Just read it once. You'll have a
feel for the NSA that I can change this,
I can change that. That will be all. And
finally, R. R stands for revision to
revise. Now, what is the meaning of
revision or to revise? We are only
checking two things here. Grammar plus
spellings. See these two things are
something where we don't have a control
on ourselves at times. I have seen that
people if they don't check their own
grammar and spelling once, 8 to 10
mistakes are something they could have
changed. For example, I'm writing the
spelling of the sometime like this and
sometime you know sometime I'm writing
like this because I'm in a hurry. So I
write like this. This is a problem as if
I don't know the spelling is just I made
a mistake. They won't say that oh by
mistake it's okay I'll correct it. No.
So 8 to 10 spelling and gramm
grammatical mistakes can be changed by
us. Why are we allowing the examiner to
change change it almost one or one and a
half pend will be deducted but we don't
know that how many but you know there
will be deduction for sure. So revise
it. Now there's a tiny hint or tiny
strategy you can apply when you're
understanding the logic of your essay.
Read in the sequence of introduction
first, body paragraph, then and then
conclusion because you understand kind
of in a story format. Right? But when
you're checking your grammar and
spelling, never read in this format.
Read in the format of conclusion first,
then body paragraph, then introduction.
Because you're not not going for the the
sequence part. You're saying let me read
the conclusion. When you're reading the
conclusion, you are thinking of each and
every word now. So the chances of you
removing the grammar and spelling
mistakes are higher when you read this
way. Logic can be removed or changed
with this way. Right? Once you do this,
your essay is complete. You'll give to
the examiner or you know after 1 hour
anyway it will be sent anyway. But some
people will ask for sure. I I am 100%
sure
that Sam we have so much to do apart
from writing that is we are thinking of
points we writing down points we are
checking our answer don't you think time
will be an issue yes initially it will
be an issue so we have P O W
the P O and ER which is apart from
writing it will take 10 to 11 minutes
initially
and writing part will take initially 30
minutes because you are spending some
time for the first time or second time
in writing essays. Initially it'll be
like this which is not good because we
have only 40 minutes maximum 40 minutes
because you know you then you'll start
taking time from part one that is not
good for part one. So what is happening
here? We are spending more time so that
will be 41 minutes. It's not a good idea
but this is just the first time you're
doing it because you have never used
this method. What if you practice and
every other student who has practiced,
every student who has practiced actually
reduces this time to 6 to 7 minutes
and this time to 26 or 25 minutes
easily. Now if you calculate this one
the highest even that is how much? 32
minutes.
Even after checking and everything you
have 8 minutes left even for emergency
you have extra time. Now
this is only if you practice this
method. If you understand this method,
if you um you know think about the
question, understand the question, think
about and put at the points. If you
practice, you will understand that. And
if you practice within
25 minutes, you can write. I'm telling
you why for a reason. In TOEFL,
there is a condition. We have to write
300 minimum words within 30 minutes
understanding the question and
everything. People do that. They're
still able to do that. That means we
have the capability to complete within
25 minutes if everything is ready which
will take 6 to 7 minutes. So P O and ER
will take 6 to 7 minutes and this will
take 25 minutes after a week of
practice.
So time is not wasted actually we are
saving time and we are you know kind of
uh creating an assurance for ourselves
or ensuring that um we are correct
otherwise if we write randomly chances
of getting incorrect answers are higher
is writing part two essay introduction
paragraph in writing we have already
understood what is the way that we can
create our answer that is uh creating
content and all those things Right. But
now comes the most important part which
is writing the introduction. Right? How
to write amazing introductions. But
before that let's see how many of you do
know that what is introduction in essay
writing.
Why do we have introduction?
I'm talking about essay writing by the
way.
Summary of a topic.
Yes. Any other purpose it it fulfills
for a reader. Think from reader
perspective right
what you are about to see in the body
paragraphs so kind of a glimpse of body
paragraph you will see true anything
anything else so you have question in
there's
one more thing remaining so summary and
question are related to each other so we
can we can remove this part and write
and write here summary plus question of
I mean summary plus question and there's
one more thing remaining still just M
and if you know that yes tone of the
essay very good so tone of the essay in
the sense am I going positive with the
sentence am I am I going with the
sentence am I going against the sentence
so positively the reader will think or
the reader will think negatively about
the answer we are writing right so
basically this is whole you know part
let's say introduction so all of you do
know how to write introduction already
that is summary plus question and or
summary of the question plus question
information Then what we'll provide in
the body paragraph and tone of the
essay. Perfect. But there's a problem
with this. You know this is perfect. We
have to follow the same se same
structure. The only problem we have will
face is we have five types of essays.
We all have to do this same thing. But
how do we reach there? So basically the
method I'm going to tell you is if you
read the question you should be able to
reach to the introduction without any
hassle at all. So basically there will
be a template discussed. Okay. And I
think all of you know what is the
meaning of a template. It's a format in
which we have to write exactly or a
blueprint right where you can fill data
and then it's it's complete basically.
So we will provide template for all the
five types of questions. That means if
you read the question, you just have to
fill the words from the question in the
template. Your answer is ready. This is
so easy to write. Then right now before
we even go to the template, I would like
to mention clearly these are not the
only templates in the world but they are
created thinking of the universal method
used everywhere. For example, uh, GRE,
TOEFL, PT, everywhere this method is
used and I would suggest you to take it
as the, you know, take it as the
template as take the template as it is
because you can create your template. No
doubt about that. The only problem is in
exam would you like to create your
template or create the content? The
answer will always be the content,
right? So why are you reinventing the
wheel? There is already one wheel in
there. There is already already one
template. Content cannot be invented.
you create content on the go. That's why
template is what I provide. Fine. How do
we create the content or the template?
Right? Like I said, there are five types
of questions in your um essay writing.
Five types of introduction will also be
there. They are already uploaded in your
Google Drive. So the answers I'm going
to show you do not take screenshots. Do
not copy paste. They already there in
your session five. Try to understand
each and everything. Yes, you can take
notes. Nobody going to stop you of
course. But try to understand and then
take notes. Not blindly what I'm saying.
You just keep writing. No. So these are
the sessions. I mean these are the
questions and answers. I know this is a
little bit weird. It's not readable. But
now soon it'll be readable. Now look
what do we have here. So we have the
first question and the first answer.
Don't worry about that. I'll just make
it readable here. Let's talk about the
first question here. First type of
question. The first type is agree or
disagree. And this works for both extent
or non-extent. If we have subtypes like
we have here agree or disagree and
extent I'll tell you if there is
requirement for extra answer for
subtypes for example advantage
disadvantage we need to have a different
answer right now what is the most
preferred method by any person who
writes answer for essays
how do they start generally
introduction in introduction what is the
first sentence about generally
have you heard of This paraphrase
paraphrasing of the question. Exactly.
That is so true. So we generally
paraphrase the question that we have.
All of us we do that and it is fine.
This is correct. But we are not going
for correct answers. We are going for
impressive answers.
And how can we make anything impressive?
I'll explain that. How can we make
anything impressive? How many of you
have written positive comments on
internet or positive review of anything
you bought?
Very few. How many of you written
negative review of anything? And why so?
Why do we write more negative reviews
than positive reviews?
Let's say I bought a chair
and chances are that I'll get negative
reviews. I'll write negative reviews,
not positive. Even if I like the chair,
I will not write review. But I will not
write positive, right?
Generally we do that right and everyone
everyone does that every person does
that the reason for that is expectations
right so when we are buying anything we
are expecting something for example I
bought a chair I'm expecting that I can
sit on this chair I can enjoy you know
taking the class and everything and it's
it's serving it purpose I'm I was
expecting this I got at as it is I'm not
calling it impressive yet what I'm
calling it it's serving its purpose I
bought a table I can you know literally
put my books on it and I can teach
there. Okay, it's serving its purpose.
I'm not impressed yet. Why am I not
impressed by anything? The reason for
that is expectation. We expected this,
we got this done. What if we get more
than expected? For example, that the
company didn't tell you there's a remote
that comes with the chair. If you if you
you can increase the height of the chair
with a remote. Isn't this amazing? Now
we'll write positive review
because we got more than expected. Same
thing happens in your essay writing.
What you are writing is what expected by
them. Everyone does that you know
paraphrasing paraphrasing paraphrasing.
So they'll say it's correct but not
impressive yet. They not they're not
going to write positive review yet. So
we'll try advanced version of
paraphrasing. We'll do paraphrasing but
advanced version of the paraphrasing.
And what is that? Well, the advanced
version or or downgraded version doesn't
matter. We have to take care of the four
factors. Remember lexical resources,
corance and cohesion, uh gr and task
response. We all have to take care of
them. Now we'll try to take care of
lexical resources and CC. GR has to be
impeccable. It's grammar. It is always
there. It also will be covered using
this advanced paraphrasing technique.
And what is that? Let's get rid of this
one. Okay. And what is this advanced uh
paraphrasing technique? Advanced
paraphrasing technique says that don't
write the answer in one sentence. Don't
paraphrase in one sentence. Paraphrase
in two sentences.
So it looks like connected at the same
time it's not paraphrased.
How do we do that? I'll explain. When
you look at any question or agree or
disagree anything, you'll always get two
concepts in one question. Always. They
are connected. There they saying
something about something. So there will
always be two concepts at least two
concepts. Okay. What are those two
concepts here in this question?
So let's just make it crime amongst
young people. We can write it like this.
Okay. And uh we have secondly you're
right good parenting skills. Okay. Fine.
Or parenting skills both would do. Fine.
We have two concepts mentioned here.
crime amongst young people and parenting
skills. Great.
Now, why did I ask you to write two
concepts? Because my first sentence, my
first sentence can be written either by
either using crime amongst young people
or good parenting skills. Either of
them, I'm not yet connecting them
because question says there is a
connection between them. Question says
that the best way to reduce crime
amongst young people is to teach parents
good parenting skills. There is a
connection. They're trying to say that
this is dependent on the other one,
right? We are trying not to find the
connection yet. Initially, we are only
explaining one concept at a time. And
what is that concept? Let's take this
one. You can take the other one as well.
Okay? And I write the first sentence.
The graph of crime which are mostly
committed by youngsters is on the
increase nowadays
and it is true. Of course, it's not the
path of direct the question, but it is
making sense, right? Any question you
take there will be one fact kind of word
which is there is a crime amongst young
people and it is increasing with every
day. Right. Right. It is okay. If you
want to take the f the second concept as
the first sentence you can you can say
good parenting skills are really
important for um development of uh
children. You can write a generic
statement about either of the concept
either crime amongst young people or
good parenting skills. The first
sentence only one of the concepts. Is
this clear? The first sentence we
haven't included good parenting yet
because next sentence is about good
parenting. Look many people claim that
this is extra. I'll explain why we are
writing like this. This is the result of
bad parenting as parents are ignorant of
their kids activities. Now you see
parenting plus these kids know this this
crime among young people are connected
now in the second sentence. So what did
we do? we combine both the sentences now
rather than doing in the first sentence
which will be a paraphrase version of
the question we don't want that
right so why did we write many people
claim that now nobody said it here why
are we saying many people claim that
the reason for that is the question is
not fact-based question the question is
an opinion
Any question you have an agree or
disagree is an opinion based question.
Nobody like I said earlier you cannot
create um 2 + 2 is four. Do you agree or
disagree nobody can ask such question
something which we can refute or agree
with will always be considered as agree
disagree or agree with question you
don't need to write anything. So yes,
many people claim that many people
believe that many people are of the
opinion that many people have or many
individuals um have this opinion about
this topic. You can write anything but
you have to write with the second
concept. Many people believe that. What
will it do? It does you know uh it does
two things. First one is that it creates
a tone of what people believe and what I
believe because next sentence we have
this what I believe and secondly it also
proves that this is agree disagree kind
of question done. So first concept you
write sentence second concept along with
many people claim that or believe that
we write second sentence and then we
write the third sentence. Now third
sentence what it contains is number one
it will always contain your opinion
because this is your they ask you
question right do you agree or disagree
it's about you in here you can use the
word I otherwise I mean letter I you
cannot use the letter I above any
sentence however I totally disagree see
they're saying I totally disagree with
the affirmation statement whatever the
statement they're giving I I disagree
with that and the reasons for the
disagreement are discussed below
Remember we were discussing
I have to tell them what I'll provide in
the body paragraph. My tone is I'm going
disagreement. What is the question
about? I mentioned about that question
in the first two sentences.
Three of the details are mentioned here.
So first sentence take any topic out of
the two topics mentioned in agree
disagree write one sentence. Second
sentence comes from the remaining topic
and add many people claim that. Third
sentence what I agree or I believe in
and that I'll provide the reasons for
the disagreement below. Don't write
essay don't write paragraphs just write
below that's more than enough and that
becomes the perfect paragraph because it
contains all the components an
introduction requires.
Clear all of you with this one.
Now take any question any question
literally what will you do? template.
Break them into two pieces. Take one
piece, write one sentence about. Take
second piece, write second and sentence
and add many people claim. And second
sentence, you just copy paste this. It's
okay.
In a way, it looks fresh, right? It
looks oh, it's nothing new. But we have
a template for that. Next one, we have
advantages and disadvantages. Now, let
just let's just get some space here for
this question type. This question type
is where we have a statement. It is now
possible for scientists and tourists to
travel to remote natural environment
such as the south pole. So what they're
saying is there are places such as south
pole or you know north pole or we have
uh places such as far away rivers, far
away lakes people are trying to go
there. You know you might have seen in
videos right? Do you think the
advantages of this development outweigh
the disadvantages? Now this question can
be in different way instead of outweigh
they can change the question to I'm just
telling you the second type. What are
the advantage and disadvantages of
traveling to um different or remote
places? What if they ask such questions?
Right? We'll have two types of answers
for that. And in that case only the last
sentence will change. Rest will stay the
same. Now how to answer questions which
are advantage and disadvantage kind of
question that it be outweigh or non
outweigh. Fine. The step one is always
to read the statement.
Right? When you read the statement which
is mentioned here, we already read it.
What you do is we get the generic word
out of it. What is generic word? As
broad word as possible. For example,
um
online teaching is taking over
traditional teaching because it has a
lot of benefits but it has problems too.
Discuss the advantage and disadvantage.
Now the generic word here is teaching
not online teaching. Teaching. Now
online is a specific type of teaching
right? So same way here it is now
possible for tourist and scientists to
travel to remote natural environment
such as South Pole. What is the generic
word here? Traveling.
Traveling or travel. Right? Use this
word to write your first sentence.
Your first sentence will come from this
particular generic word. For example,
um internet has created lot of problems
but is used everywhere in schools,
hospitals as well as um you know by
government, right? What are the
advantage and disadvantage of of this
new technology? So generic word is
internet. Whatever that one word is,
take that word and write a nice opening
statement. Look at this one. Traveling
has always been one of the most
preferred method to change one's
routine. It is
and traveling has two spellings double L
or single L both are correct by the way
but yes very nice statement not even
connected to the question yet and look
we didn't paraphrase and still look it
looks correct right generic statement
about traveling whatever the term is and
we are not even paraphrasing yet fine
what about the next sentence now this
sentence is easy second sentence is a
little bit complicated second sentence
is whatever we have left. For example,
we were just talking about traveling.
What kind of traveling have they
mentioned? They have mentioned remote
natural environment to such places. We
add that as technology has developed,
people can now travel to remote natural
areas. Yes, they can. So again,
paraphrase remove two-part statement.
And at the same time, we have a nice
opening. So the question is explained in
these two sentences. Done. The person
who's reading now will be interested.
They don't have to read the question now
because they read the two statement nice
two statement that you have provided.
Right? Now comes the last statement
which can have two flavors. The first
flavor would be if they've used outweigh
kind of question. If they remove the
outway if they ask what are the
advantage and disadvantage they don't
ask for outway. In that case we have a
different statement. First let's talk
about the outway part. In the outway
part we have to talk about both positive
side and negative side and we have to
choose either of them because we have to
choose a side which one has more
weightage right okay while this trend is
beneficial to some extent which trend
going to remote natural environment I
would argue that this advantages that
that its disadvantages are more
significant I'm going with what with
negative
and I made it clear I believe there are
significant disadvantages
right what if I want to change that you
can do that while this trend has lot of
disadvantages or have disadvantages to
some extent I would argue that its
advantages are more significant you can
you can change that if whatever you want
to choose you can go with that but this
is only for outweigh what if we don't
have outweigh direct questions such as
what are the advantage and disadvantages
now in that case we remove this more
significant part and the statement
becomes like this. Okay. Um
while there
exist
um benefits
um to
this
phenomenon.
There
exist
mult several
disadvantages too.
Forget about the spelling. It's just in
a hurry. Okay, fine. Okay, next one.
Look at this one. This here it's clear
disadvantages are more occurring to us.
What if they don't ask about which one
is more mutual and less? While there
exist benefits for this phenomenon,
there exist several disadvantages too.
That means I'm going to talk about both.
Simple. I will talk about both. That
means this one as well as this one. I'm
not saying this one is more or less only
if outway is present then this style. If
outway is not present the last sentence
will be replaced with this one. That's
it. Nothing else. Okay. Next one. This
one is kind of a question where we
require to know what is a flowchart.
Okay. Let's see it. This is called
discuss both views and give your opinion
kind of question. And what do we do in
here? Discuss both views and give your
opinion. This question type requires
understanding of flowchart because there
are there is some topic and around that
topic we have two sides of that topic.
Let's see what do we have. So we call it
main topic and then we have view 1 and
view 2. Let's write write down in the
question. It is commonly believed that
nowadays main factors that affect a
child's development are media, pop
culture and friends. Right? A different
point of view is that family plays the
most significant role. Fine. So we have
two views about it but the main idea
here is factors affecting child's
development that is our main term or
main topic. Vue one is media, pop
culture and friends they are actually
affecting you know the development
there's there is an effect on them. So
that is view one. Vue2 would be parents
of family plays a significant role that
is v2. So with a flowchart now you know
what's happening. One topic, two sides
of it. Done. And why did I ask you to
draw this? Because answer becomes fairly
easy. Sentence one comes from view one.
Sentence two comes from view 2. Sentence
three is generic statement that both the
both of them will be discussed below.
Done. Look at this one. It is often held
that teachers not teachers sorry peers
should be there because teachers are not
discussed here. It is often that the
peers and the media have a significant
influence in the life of children. true
the first view
while this is important these factors
are important or predominant in shaping
a child's future other others believe
that parents uh impact their offspring
in more critical ways now I have written
in a way which is uh negatively positive
you can say that initially saying that
this is important but other things also
important you can directly write that
parents also play important role it's up
to you the style you want to do but view
2 should be discuss discussed in the
second sentence and I did that so this
is view 1 this is view 2 and look at the
last sentence
Both these point of views are discussed
below along with an opinion. This is my
um what I'll provide in the body
paragraph as well as in the conclusion
are discussed below. Done.
Because they are not asking for opinion
first. I'm not writing my opinion in
introduction in here. My opinion will go
in my conclusion in this question type.
Remember that this question type
requires conclusion only. I mean um
opinion in the conclusion not in the
body par paragraph. In the previous one
we have done opinion here here itself I
believe not here because first they will
wait for the discussion where is the
discussion that will be the body
paragraph opinion in the conclusion
draw this you will get the answer easily
okay let's go to the uh great let's go
to the next question now next question
is very similar to advantage and
disadvantage so the structure or the
template will be the
So remember the the the structure we
used in advantage and disadvantage. What
did we do? We created a structure where
we think of generic terms. So let me
just talk about the question first. The
internet has transformed the way
information is shared and consumed but
it has also created problems that did
not exist before. What are the most uh
what are the most sign serious problems
associated with the internet and what
solutions can you suggest? Here we go.
So there's the statement and here is the
question. Question is about problems and
solution. Great. What we used to do in
advantage or disadvantage was first
statement coming from the generic word.
Remember what is the generic word here
in the statement
internet.
Right? Wonderful. Wonderful. Okay. Now
let's continue. When we say internet,
write one sentence about internet. There
has been enormous growth in the use of
internet over the last decade. It's so
true. Any statement you like about
internet, you can say that. You can say
that not a single sector of technology
or with technology can survive without
internet because of its um usage and
dependability you know on the
technology. So you can say that whatever
statement you come up but not with the
question connected with the question. No
because that part we do in the next
statement.
This has led to radical changes to the
way that people consume and share
information comes from here because it
changes the way next part
one word first sentence whatever
remaining second sentence that's it this
is how we start with problem and
solution right now because this question
is about problems and solution second
sentence is very clear whatever
remaining you write third sentence is
very clear as well because this question
about problem and solution ution we have
to include both the words in our last
sentence that means both of them exist
and because we don't have to choose a
side here we just say both of them exist
that's it because though my sentence is
very short it's clear you can do that
but I mean um if you have a better
sentence you can write that too although
serious problem has have arisen as a
result there are solutions to this
problem connected to internet you can
add whatever words you want but the gist
should be the same that there are
problems and there are solutions both of
them exist right? First sentence comes
from the generic word. Second sentence
comes from whatever remaining apart from
the generic word. Third sentence comes
from problem plus solution word. You can
see here and there you go. Done. The I
mean the introduction is ready again a
new template.
Clear again.
Now we go to the next question type
which is the last question type here and
in my opinion the most easiest and least
asked in exam.
The reason for that is the statements
are generally very short or short
information is provided. So paraphrasing
is okay. Paraphrasing is okay. If you
don't want to paraphrase you can do the
same thing. Some part explain above some
part in the next sentence. Generally
when the I gave this example on purpose
because if statement is short what
they're saying is many people prefer to
watch foreign films rather than locally
produced films. There is no two topic is
just films that's it. So you can write
one sentence directly paraphrasing this
part. It's not incorrect because the
statement is short. We do that and
generally that happens in two-part
question. Statement is short and then we
write two questions we have here. Let me
just show show you which questions I'm
talking about. So here we have the two
questions uh why could this be
and um should government give more
financial support to local film
industry. So these are the two questions
connected to the statement. Your task is
to answer these questions right how to
answer these this essay or introduction
for this essay. The first statement
comes from paraphrasing of the question.
Second statement there are only two and
that is allowed in official guide as
well. They allowed two statements and
some of the answers nine ben answers are
from there.
Well, the second statement is actually
answering both the questions in short.
Notice that there could be several
reasons why this is the case. Answering
the first question over here
and I believe comma and and is used in
US style but it's okay to it's it's
acceptable and I believe that government
should promote fil local film making by
subsidizing the industry. Second
question answered answering in short not
that lengthy part right if you even if
you remove this by part that is okay
okay as well let's just remove this this
part it is fine even if you do that that
is okay now what are the reasons how
would they do this you know nobody
explains that in introduction and it is
acceptable because body paragraph
contains this information
you can add you can add one more
sentence saying that you know all the
detailed reasons as well as um um how
government would promote film making is
explained below but that would be
repetition of the same thing. So I don't
do that sometime I I like to keep it
this way because now they already know
there are several reasons that means
reasons are discussed below
and it is allowed according to official
guide two sentences okay if you write
three as well okay but they shouldn't
not should not repeat anything like we
never repeated anything we're just
saying what we what's new to us right so
this these are the five types of essays
we have agree disagree advantage
disadvantage discuss both views problem
solution and two-part question all of
them Learn the introduction structure
is writing part two essay body paragraph
we have something called time management
as well to discuss it could be time
management depending on how much time we
have today after the writing and
speaking part if we don't have much time
we can also see some listening mock to
see where you stand in listening okay so
uh let's understand uh what we have
today in writing and speaking right so
far we have seen in introduction how to
create answer, how to create concepts,
but we have not seen yet how to create
body paragraph.
Right? So let's understand what is body
paragraph and why do we need it and what
are we supposed to do when it comes to
writing body paragraph. Okay, body
paragraph as you all know is the main
part of any essay that we write. It's
the stem basically. So stem in the sense
the the main data that we provide the
proof the reasons for your for your uh
site that you have taken or whatever you
want to prove you provide in the body
paragraph.
This is the only part where we have
multiple uh paragraphs possible because
introduction will always be one uh
conclusion is always one
body paragraph can be two three four
I've seen even four and they these
people get good marks even in that case.
So there is no one set rule that oh this
is the the case in when it comes to body
paragraph. How to decide which one to go
with? We'll see that according to our
writing style, according to our
questions that we have. So we can decide
based on that if it is uh two
paragraphs, three body paragraphs or
four. Okay.
Now what happens inside them? It's very
simple actually very easy in fact. Body
paragraphs contain only three details.
Every body paragraph will contain only
three details. What are those three
details? Number one,
what is the body paragraph about? I'm
going to tell you in short. Okay. Number
two, how can we explain that part? And
number three, can we make it concrete?
Concrete in the sense, can we make it uh
realize in the world? Let's let's see
what I mean by that.
So
this part in language of technical terms
in technical terms of I is called
paragraph heading.
This part is called explanation. That's
the same part. This part is called
examples.
Now in them inside them we have multiple
things to understand. Starting with the
parah heading part. Okay.
Like we did in the case of introduction,
we also will be creating um body
paragraph template. So, so that all of
you can create amazing body paragraphs.
So, the first thing in the template is
called parah heading. What is para
heading? Parah heading is the first
sentence and the only um sentence we
don't have multiple sentences in the the
parahading part is one sentence sentence
is called parahading.
This also called parahading. para
heading contains a statement that proves
what you will discuss in a body
paragraph. Okay, remember that one body
paragraph equal to one concept only. One
body paragraph equal to one concept.
What is that concept about? That's what
you will do in the first sentence.
Whatever the concept is, you will
explain that
or you will declare the concept in the
first sentence in the para heading. And
how do we do that? Well, if you have uh
if you have seen that example about um I
remember that example that we were
discussing about fast food and and
because of that we have you know health
issues and all. So we'll try to write a
para heading for that. We'll write
exactly what you should do in exam
right. So uh let me just copy the
question for you guys here. This was the
question if you remember in some
countries people are eating too much
fast food and because of that it's
necessary and we I remember all of you
went for disagreement some of you went
for agreement then we changed our mind
that disagreement we have more points or
easier to explain points right
when it comes to disagreement right we
have given a reason one of them was
addiction people who are really
suffering from um this health issue are
the people who are addicted to this fast
food and for
Leaving fast food will not be based on
money. It's not based based on how you
think about that particular substance
that you addicted to. So no chance they
will be letting go of that food.
So we'll write one body paragraph about
this addiction. So what is that first
sentence? The first sentence that we
call para heading. Let's just write it
and understand it. I'm going to write it
here. So sentence might not come out
very very uh say impressive but I'll try
to make it um good to read. Imposing
or increasing
the price of junk food
will not
impact individuals
who are
uh who
are
addicted to such food. So what are we
doing? We are introducing a new topic
called addiction to such food. And I
think the reader will understand that
this paragraph is now dedicated only to
one concept which is addiction. Reading
this sentence your your reader should
know that oh they can explain what is
addiction or fast food and also how will
that impact if we increase the prices.
So, so this is the first sentence we
have addiction. Now there comes the
second part. First sentence is clear to
you all of you. What is the first
sentence? What is the paragraph about is
the first sentence.
Second part or second sentence comes
from the explanation part. Explanation
in the sense you will have to basically
um see I can write anything. I can say
um basically sun rises in the west
instead of east. I have to explain that.
If I explain it well, if I explain it
correctly with proof, people have to
believe me, right? Anything, anyone. If
you say this, I'm going against this.
Prove it. Explain it. Explanation is the
most important part. So, how do we
explain? We can say that
um any person
addicted
to any substance
[Music]
will um get attached to it
leading
to uh difficulty
in letting go.
letting go of that particular
that particular substance.
Okay. Um
even if
government
or non-governing bodies,
there should be a there should be a
hyphen for sure. uh bodies uh oh sorry
bodies uh increase
or decrease
or okay let's say write it here change
the price of um that
um that item
uh the addicted
person
will
keep consuming it.
Same works with
fast food addiction.
Okay. So this is what my explanation is
you know like let it be um let it be any
kind of you know thing that you are
addicted to let it be cigarettes and and
smoking or let's say drinking. So you
will not of course this is not amazingly
written but I'm trying to say that
second part is always explanation. This
is where you have to prove what my point
is is making sense. Right? Okay. So the
second part is called the explanation.
The first part is called the opening or
the parah heading. Second part is the
explanation. Now comes the last part.
Now what about the last part? The last
part which we called the concret making
it concrete part are examples. What
about examples here? Explanation we
don't have types. Para heading we don't
have types but examples we have types.
What are those types?
Remember that examples can be of three
types. Let's write three of them. 1 2
and three. The first one is about I. So
it happened with me. I went through
this. I went through that. That that's
called my example, right? Second one is
called um others.
What happened with others? how they went
through this you know blah blah blah my
neighbor went through that my my family
went through this I have a person who is
my family who's addicted to this we
tried hiding the money they didn't care
so basically you can sorry so you you
can give an example of I or others these
two types of examples can be made up
examples so you can use your imagination
you can imagine stuff and write it down
here but last part is called fact
stats
or uh trend kind kind of example. Okay,
fact shares or trend kind of example.
You cannot make these up. Generally
trends are considered better because
they're easy to figure. For example, in
India it's a trend to buy a motorbike
first then a car. However, in US it's
better people prefer car first and then
motorbike. So if there's an example
required, whatever example you choose,
please make sure that is matching with
the information mentioned in the body
paragraph. Okay.
So can we create a f fake fact or fake
statistics statistic? No, we cannot
remember that. So I'll try to put an
example here. Sorry. Which is based on
uh fact or trend. Um so I can write here
in European Union there was an
experiment being done to increase the
price of cigarettes. a few years ago but
nothing happened
because people didn't let go of that
kind of um people didn't let go of that
kind of uh that kind of smoking um the
feeling of smoking and hence now they
had one more problem which is uh poverty
that's in certain uh areas in certain
countries right so you can say that same
will be true for fast food right so now
your paragraph looks amazing because you
have declared red basically what is your
main reason let's make it orange this
part is the explanation let's make it
let's say um green and the last part is
example let's just write here example
just the word example and of course
we'll write example here one or two
sentences will not be a problem here so
let's just uh get rid of this and write
here uh white okay so these are the
three parts parts that we have first
body paragraph second example uh
explanation third example every body
paragraph that you get will have these
three parts
every okay let me show you one more
example that we have one more uh body
paragraph so we can read it and we can
figure it out if it is making sense to
you guys same concept uh concepts are
discussed and we will see them in a
second right so a question is actually
mentioned over here and also the answer
for that particular question let me zoom
in a bit so question is about agree or
disagree persons worth nowadays seems to
be judged according to social status and
material possessions. Old-fashioned
values such as honor and kindness and
trust no longer seem important. Okay. Do
you agree or disagree? I said I
disagree. This I have written just for
your understanding. Nobody writes like
this. This in exam they write always in
introduction if they agree or disagree.
Right?
So why I've written this? I've written
this to make sure that you understand
this is a disagreement type of para.
Okay.
My reason
um for going towards disagreement is
media is the culprit. Media makes it
look like these things are important but
they are not important.
Okay. Media makes it look like
important. Media makes it look like what
everyone wants is material and online
profiles. But the truth is totally
opposite. So my my goal is to explain
what is materialism in the eyes of
media. So media media is fooling us,
right? I'm going to blame media. Most
people see what the media shows them. As
a consequence, people feel qualities
such as these these these aren't
important as they used to be. This is
explanation. I know it's very short, but
point is you have to explain everything
in the sec. After the second sentence,
still how many sentence you want, you
can explain. Then comes
an example. My friend thinks if he has
more friends on his social media
profile, he will be considered social.
Sad part is that he because he read an
article online. So basically what are we
saying here? Because some somewhere in
the media he read an article saying that
if you have more friends you'll be
considered more social or more
important. But that's not true. That
that that is that is the sad part. So we
give an example of my friend that means
others. Basically opening explanation
example. If you don't have an example,
increase the explanation. That is okay.
But if you're writing three body
paragraph, always have last part as um
or let's say at least two you should
write body paragraphs as with example.
So if you write two body paragraphs, at
least one body paragraph should have
example. I is writing part two essay
conclusion paragraph. What is conclusion
and why do we need it? Let's understand
that. So we have something called
introduction. We have something called
body paragraph and both of them are
required. So because in introduction we
are supposed to explain you know
basically what we want to prove
basically what we want to prove
and in body paragraph we provide the
proof itself with reasons and arguments
whatever it is. Then why do we need
this?
Why do we need conclusion?
final decision we have to provide. Okay.
And what kind of final decision are we
talking about here? So in our body
paragraphs, we always write all the
sides, the positive sides, the negative
sides. Though a little bit less or more
here doesn't matter. But in the end, we
haven't given our final verdict. So this
is the verdict, the final say in our
thing in in our essay.
So in our conclusion, we don't confuse
our readers. In our body paragraph, we
do provide both the sides. sometime
more, sometime less in order to prove
that the more side is winning. That's
what we chose in our introduction. But
in conclusion, we always provide what uh
is the final verdict. First of all,
second,
you can think of conclusion this way. If
I read the introduction, I would know
what the question is. If I read the
conclusion, I would know what the answer
was in body paragraph.
Okay, remember this. Okay? If I read the
introduction, I should know what the
question is. If I read the conclusion, I
should know what the answer is. That's
why they have these shorter version of
both of them. Right? So conclusion is
nothing new. It's everything what we
have already created. So conclusion you
can say is a combination of introduction
plus body paragraph. It's never new. If
you try to create something new in
conclusion, it's wrong. Except for one
case. What is that case?
discuss both the views. Now in the case
of discuss both the views there has to
be a different type of conclusion. You
can say that we have five types of
essays right? In five types of essays
four types will be covered in one type
of conclusion. So you'll have one
template for um this these particular
five uh four types and one type will
have that one remaining uh template of
conclusion. So we have this way they are
organized in this way. Discuss is
different because if you notice that the
question says discuss both the views
and provide your conclusion that means
conclusion or sorry provide your
argument. So conclusion is the uh place
where we provide our argument that's why
it they say that you know discuss
discuss both views are a little bit
different than other question types when
it comes to conclusion. Okay. So then
what is the structure? Like I said it's
all about introduction plus body
paragraph conclusion. uh is equal to
conclusion. So how does it work out? So
we were discussing that in conclusion we
don't create anything new. It's all
about introduction plus body paragraph.
Have a look at this uh example here.
Okay, we have a conclusion written by by
the way uh before we go for that.
Remember the question that we discussed
in our introduction and body paragraph.
Same question we'll be taking here which
we thought you know person's worth
nowadays seems to be judged by social
status and all those that question. So
we need to create that question uh we
need to create a conclusion for that
particular question for disagreement we
remember we disagreed with that
particular part. So let's see what
conclusion can be how conclusion can be
written. First of all remember that uh
conclusion is introduction plus body
paragraph and that's what I have done
here.
Two sentences are more than enough. The
first sentence is always the
introduction but in different language.
You can say that introduction in short
but in a form or in a tone of
conclusion. So it can be concluded that
all in all you can even write this way
comma uh to sum up. This is these are
called uh you know phrases to show
conclusion. Comma.
When you write comma in the first phrase
of a paragraph, it shows connection with
the previous paragraphs. That's why we
have this comma always. Okay. To sum up
all in all to conclude whatever it is.
Values such as honor, humbleness and
trust which are old-fashioned are
important rather than an individual
possesses. What? Why have I written
this? Because this question was about a
person's worth nowadays seems to be
judged according to social status and
material possession. oldfashioned values
such as these these these are no longer
important. This was agree or disagree.
Okay. In this case I went for
disagreement.
So I wanted to prove that these things
which are mentioned here they are
important. They though they though they
are not important according to many but
they are important. So I wrote this in
the full essay. In the conclusion I am
saying that again the same thing which I
mentioned in my introduction. Same thing
no change that these things are
important. Only thing that will change
compared to introduction is this phrase
all in all to sum up to summarize that's
the only thing I'm going to change
right otherwise everything is same and
if you notice that these things are
important rather than individual
position okay what about the second
sentence then well the second sentence
is nothing but a combination of all the
body paragraphs you have written what
does it mean let's say I have written an
introduction in my body paragraph I went
for let's say to prove the disagreement
side right now let's go to the second
one what have I written in second one
and why
well the second one is nothing but body
paragraphs in phrases so like I said
introduction I have written I've written
body paragraphs in each body paragraph I
must have mentioned a concept like I did
in the previous one addiction was one of
the concepts uh economic problem would
be one of the concept so whatever the
concept is I'm writing in short and I
can write that the Reasons for the same
are the influence from the media,
people's misunderstanding of the concept
and assumptions made by individual. That
means I went through this path where I
have introduction, three body
paragraphs, three of them are mentioned
here. Conclusion in the conclusion I'm
writing these three body paragraphs in
short one I have written opposite. Okay,
let's say so these are my body paragraph
1, 2 and three. Now I'm not writing
opposite that means you know going
against my own statement in conclusion
that otherwise it'll become very
confusing for the reader. When you're
writing body paragraph you should go
contrasting a bit but in conclusion
don't go contrasting at all.
Okay don't go contrasting at all. So
this is this is what we have in our
conclusion. We have conclusion type of
uh I mean uh question type of discuss as
well. So we need to see what happens in
that part. In discuss essays the
structure is little bit different. So
I'm going to show you a discuss essay
and we'll discuss the answer itself.
Right? So if you notice we have a
question some people work for the same
organization all their working life.
Other things that it is better to work
for different organization. This is the
question and we have to discuss both the
views and give our own your own opinion.
Wonderful. How would you do that? Well
first of all let's do one thing.
Understand this question type. This is
all about same organization, different
organization. In in in our intro in
introduction, we're not going to declare
which side we want to go for. We're just
going to explain like we did. We
understood what is discussed. First
paragraph about same organization.
Second paragraph disc a different
organization. Now look at this one. We
are not starting with concluding because
we have to provide our point of view in
conclusion. When it comes to discuss
both views, remember that
your first statement
is always about what is your side?
Which side you're choosing out of these?
You know, in discuss we have two views,
right? So, which view are you inclining
towards? Basically although they are see
uh there are benefits to work um for one
organization I feel that it is also
valuable for an employee to able to
offer a wide range of experience having
worked in different organiz so there you
go so what are we doing we this essay is
moving towards different organization
that's it so word we have used is I that
means this is an opinion and I feel
definitely an opinion right opinion is
discussed in the first sentence like I
said always in discuss both views first
and then try to write the opinion that
would be better because they have
already um they they have clearly
mentioned in the the question that we
are supposed to discuss this and then
provide our opinion. Last sentence is as
long as it is planned carefully I feel
that change is good and will ultimately
benefit the employee and the employer.
This is what we call the closing part.
What is closing? Closing can be
considered um a positive message or a
message to the world connected to the
question. So we call it three things Q +
R + M. What is QRM? Question real world
scenario and a message to the to the
real world. So if the question is about
again question real world scenario and
message. So if the question is about
food, remember this question we had, if
people are eating too much fast food, I
could end it like this. If every every
person takes care of themselves um or um
you know if every person yeah if every
person takes care of takes care of
themselves um there won't be any need
for government to take um such
aggressive measures of increasing the
taxes. Done. This could be the nice
ending or closing and discuss both
views. we might need closing in order to
um extend the paragraph and just write
two sentences. That's the best way to
end your uh conclusion or end your essay
when it comes to uh discuss both views.
Okay. So if second one is clear, the
first one is clear, conclusion is clear.
Conclusion is not a big rocket science.
The reason for that is in body paragraph
you have to think what content to write
in introduction. We have to think how to
create content from the question. In
conclusion, we don't have to think. We
just copy and paste from our
introduction. Yes, we paraphrase what we
have written. But paraphrasing is not a
big deal. I I believe that compared to
body paragraphs,
>> IELTS writing part one, report writing.
>> Um so today's session will be for IELS
writing part one. Writing part one is
something that we call report in
academic. So there are two parts in
writing right something called part one
and part two and I think in part two you
know everyone have to write an essay
same question one question here in part
one it's a report
this report is an imagebased
report so basically they'll show you
something and you have to write uh an a
report on that image so what kind of
images are possible there are six types
of images possible right let me um show
you what kind of images are they there
are total six types you don't have to
remember the names you just have to um
understand what they are so that you
know anyway these sessions are these uh
uh reports are already available the
same presentation I'm showing you will
be available in your Google drive so
that you don't have um to remember it
anyway so the first one is called uh um
line graph or just a graph line graph or
just a graph this is called a pie chart
or just a chart This is called a bar
chart. Some people call it graph but
this is
bar chart. This one is called a process
diagram or just a diagram. Right? Uh
this one is called a map difference.
Remember that map difference. This one
is called table explanation. Right? So
these are the six types of diagrams. Out
of which out of these six diagrams
certain diagrams can be in a way
combined such as line graph can be
provided with pie chart or pie chart or
line graph will be with bar chart or
with table but these two process diagram
map difference will be separate. If
there's a map difference it will only be
one type question. If it is process
diagram will be always be
process diagram but line graph can be
combined with bar chart to create a
question such as one line graph please
explain bar chart too they can do that
I'll show you that question type as well
but yeah out of these six the initial
three question types are almost same
like know the way we write it except for
a few things that that we will discuss
the first and third this is first this
is second and The first and third that
is line graph and bar chart are same
completely pie chart have has tiny
differences
but they are same anyway almost same
right so how what similarities do they
have so what similarities do they have
and how can we understand them first of
all like I said the six diagram out of
this three are same line graph bar chart
and pie chart let's discuss them
and not just that what are the you see
we have six diagram six of these
diagrams have something common. What is
that common thing? In our essay writing,
we had three parts. Introduction, body
paragraph and conclusion. Right? And we
have seen the structure of three of
them. But when it comes to uh report
writing, the reports do not have the
structure of introduction, body,
paragraph, conclusion. They have
something called opening.
Then we have something called body. They
all these this body and this body is
completely different. Okay. And finally
overview. Now you're thinking Sam or
overview or overall. Isn't this all same
opening can be called introduction? No.
In our introduction we have set minimum
two sentences, maximum three sentences.
Here this opening will always have one
sentence. This body doesn't need the
structure of explan explanation and
sentence. No, it doesn't need that
structure. There's a different
structure. Conclusion cannot be
connected with overall information
because this can be written just after
opening.
So this is something called overview.
Overall or interesting information about
the graph about whatever you're writing
and it's not even mandatory. You can
keep it as optional. It can be written
just after opening. It can be written at
the end. It's up to you.
So some answers are written some answers
are written basically after that
basically some no statements um some
later they don't have this thing. So
there is no hard and fast there is no
hard and fast rule about this overall
information otherwise everything is fine
right now what is this opening what is
this body paragraph what is this overall
information that's what we need need to
see opening like I said is only one
sentence we don't have more than one
sentence and how does it look
the same it's always the same and that
is the paraphrase version of the
statement and what is a statement you
might Ask me statement is mentioned like
this. See this is a complete question
where on the top one second on the top
you will see something called time
related information. How much time do we
have right? We can take some time from
part two if you want to but yeah 20
minutes is the normal time the statement
your task that you're supposed to do and
word count. Okay. So what you're
supposed to do when you write the first
statement or you call it the opening
it's always the f only one sentence then
we change the paragraph so one sentence
is also one first paragraph itself and
we paraphrase this part the statement
if I show you a line graph no change
same thing so look we have the same
thing again time related information
statement uh task and word count no
doubt about that everything will stay
the same there is no change in there
right? Then what can we do in this case?
How can we write the first sentence?
Like I said, first sentence is the first
paragraph is also one sentence only. So
first sentence, first paragraph is only
uh the same thing and description of the
graphic. Basically you summarize that
using the statement. So if this is the
question, we can just paraphrase this
part. I mean the this the statement
part, right? So what are we going to do?
We going to paraphrase this part in our
words. So this is about right the graph
illustrate instead of shows we can write
illustrate. If this illustrates we can
write show or provides information or
set some light whatever you want to
write but just change that word
instead of graph you can write diagram.
It's up to you. There is no again root
the emission of carbon dioxide in four
countries namely these these these for
four decades between this and this now
they haven't used the word decades in
there but I used it just to change
something you're thinking Sam do we have
to always make it little bit lengthier
than the normal no some of the answers
I'll show you nine band answers these
answers have written shorter version of
this this is around 15 words they have
written seven words or eight words or 10
words that's
and and that is according to official
guide nine band answer not necessary the
way we write it is important not the
length right so this is the first
sentence and the first paragraph itself
now the second paragraph what is that
body paragraph there we provide all the
details description trends contrast
whatever we see whatever we see we
provide that and in that case comes five
possible trends so we have five possible
trends and And what are those trends?
The first possible trend is slight
increase. As you can see here, we have
slight increase over here. Slight
increase over here. And because we have
multiple times slight increasing, we
will always try to use synonyms. That's
why we have multiple synonyms of
increase over here. As you can see,
expand, date, group, climb, and always
it is in past because I I try to keep it
in past because questions are generally
in past. I would say 95% the questions
are in past. If they're in future, we
use simple tense, simple words such as
expand instead of expanded. That's it.
Or will expand. You can say that grew,
climbed, rose, stepped up, picked up.
And what about the word slide? Can we
always use slide? Sliding expanded or
slide grew. No. What we're going to do
is we're going to use one multiple
adverbs and adjectives because this is
an action that is a verb. We're going to
use these these ones of moderately
expanded, slightly grew, or slightly
expanded. Whichever you want to connect
it will be all fine. For example,
minimally expanded. But if you turn this
word into a noun which is expansion,
this will turn to be moderate. Not
moderately, moderate expansion would be
correct. Not moderate expanded doesn't
make any sense, right? So moderate
expansion and moderately expanded would
make sense. Right? This is the
difference between um an adverb and
adjective.
Okay. So, first part is slight increase.
Second one is slight decrease. Sometimes
we have a drop but not that fast of a
drop like this one. This is way too
fast. Comparatively you always see. So
we not going to use this. This one is
slight decrease. Same again synonyms of
decrease. We have to use these synonyms.
Reduce, bend, down, decrease. All of
them are available in your Google Drive.
No need to remember them here. Just try
to understand the whole scenario. And
then in slight word we already have seen
that you know moderately and moderate
and reduced if you want to make it noun
form it can become reduction
right a decrease can become the decrease
the drop the decline the fall right so
if you use the noun form you use the
adjective part if you use the verb form
you use adverbs second one done third
one is dramatic increase as you can see
here it's dramatic increase so when we
have dramatic increase we have two
options Either we use the adverbs and
adjective rule which different of course
because this is different. So we have
significantly rapidly steeply instead of
moderately we have these or we can
completely remove it and we write these
words escalated rocketed so sort of and
jumped these words there are more but
yeah these are enough try to remember
two to three in each don't try to
remember more than three because you
would not need that. So escalated itself
means this is fast. Rocket itself is
fast. Sword itself. We don't need extra
words for this. This is like oh it's a
funny joke. There's no funny joke. Jokes
are always funny by itself. Right? So
the same way escalated itself is past.
So this is called dramatic increase. Now
dramatic decrease is remaining. So we
have this part dramatically decreasing.
So any part of it is dramatically
decreasing. Then decrease word we
already know. Dramatic part also we
already know. But the second type we
don't know. What if we don't want
adverbs and adjectives and we want to
use a word that shows reduction very
quickly and that is this one collapsed,
slumped, crashed, plunged and plumated.
They all are showing dramatic decrease
or dramatic fall.
And the last but not the least is no
change at all basically because we have
seen all the changes thing as you can
see over here there is no change steady
stood at stayed at stabilized at
flattened at and leveled off at so these
are the parts where we have no change
let it be bar chart or uh pie chart or
line graph everywhere we use these this
term these terminologies and of course
in study we don't have dramatic steady
there's no such thing so this is the
part now this is just vocabulary this is
just vocabulary that you saw
we need something called usage of of
this vocabulary. So I'll show you um a
kind of a basically a question where a
sample you can say that uh and it's
already already available in your Google
drive in session 11 we have some report
samples right now if I show you a line
graph or a or let's say a bar chart I
could able I will be able to show you
the words that we have used just now and
how to write the answer. So when you get
the question of course read it properly.
The chart below gives information of the
percentage of British people giving
money to charity by age range of this.
So basically they're talking about
people giving charity. So the orange
color is how many people gave in 1990
and 2010 is the green color orange and
green. And then below we have something
called age range. 18 25 26 35 3650 like
this. Eventually we have to write a
report on this. Right? If you go below
look what did we do first sentence is
first paragraph they paraphrase this
part and it's very short the chart
examines the levels of donations among
people donation among people of
different age group in fact they didn't
even write the age group and this is
nine ben answer by the way according to
official guide so no need to write
lenders yeah it has to be correct it has
to be accurate according to what is
mentioned above first thing second they
have mentioned here overall information
already I told you it can be written at
the end or it can be written this is
conclusion according to our
understanding but it is not so
interesting information that we see is
what we have to write every person might
see it differently but I'll what I see
is this orange color that means 1990
people kept giving more charity compared
to green color that is 2010 always
higher but that changed after the age
group of 51 and 65 I mean in this range
always this was higher and this one was
lower.
You can see that and that's what they
have done. That's what they have written
here. If you look look below, overall a
greater percentage of British people
gave money to charity in 1990 than in
2010. However, across the two years, the
pattern differs before and after age of
50. And that is true. So you can see
that it is true. In fact, you can write
something interesting differently. You
can say that um the graph of people kept
increasing with age group from 18 to 50.
Let it be any year.
Let it be any it's always increasing but
this number kept decreasing after 50 age
right as you can see here that it kept
decreasing basically. So that could also
be an interesting way to look at it.
Whatever you see as overall you can
write it here. In fact you can remove it
as well. That's not necessary. necessary
are the body paragraphs. And how do we
write it? Remember that in bar chart
always write body paragraphs according
to the y-axis not sorry according to the
x-axis not the y axis. I think all of
you do know what is x what are xaxis? So
here x
if I'm not wrong sorry if I think this
is y and this is x right. So always take
the x-axis and write about that not
about the x y axis. So you cannot
separate between person or you cannot
separate in year. You have to separate
in this part. So for example I take
initial two in one body paragraph and
the remaining three in another one or I
take initial three in one body paragraph
and the remaining two in another one. So
basically these are the things I can do
to separate the body paragraphs. Always
write according to x-axis not according
to the y-axis first of all. Second, what
should we do when we writing? The way we
write is we always keep talking about
the highest first
and the lowest after that.
Then we talk about the second one
because first we talked about 9090 let's
say then we talk about the second one
here and the highest and the lowest and
the remaining will be at the end.
Highest, lowest, highest, lowest and
remaining. That's the rule. If we don't
have second bar chart here, we talk
about highest, lowest and the middle.
That's it.
Right? So always remember highest lowest
and the middle rule. So that there is a
there is a way or structure to write. So
if I show you an answer here, you will
understand. In 1990, 42% of 36 to 50 age
group made charitable donation. And this
figure is the highest on the chart. It's
true. 36 to 50 here 42 around 42. Of
course you can write approximately or
around or about 42.
>> Yes sim.
>> Okay. Sorry.
>> Okay. No issues. Right. So this is
around 42. And if you look at the next
>> I'm sorry for uh
uh my net was slightly lagging. Can you
repeat what you said? So basically we
are saying how we can separate the
paragraphs and then we are talking
basically right now we started talking
about how we can write uh about the
sentences each sentence and we always
start with the highest what is the
highest number so this is the highest
number as you can see here and compared
all I mean in this in this because we
are separating this part first because
we can take it another one but this is
what they are taking so that's what I'm
explaining and in this part lowest is
this and even in the whole chart for
1990 this is the lowest that's what they
are doing that's what we are discussing
so highest first and then lowest yeah
1990 42 was the highest and this you can
write you have to write that this is the
highest 18 to 25 contribute the least at
around 70 17%. So that's a big change by
2010 because 1990 we discussed 2010
these figures had fallen significantly
to this and this respectively from what
from 42 to 35 from 17 to 7
told you these words will be used fallen
significantly highest lowest and reaches
this point whatever it is. So they they
have used it and we can see that they
have used it right first second what
about the remaining 26 to 35 they have
written that last and the level of
donation 26 and it was around 31 to 31
to 24%. Both done.
What is remaining then? What is
remaining is this part 51 to 65 which
they have written a separate paragraph
for that. And that's it for bar chart.
Bar chart that's it.
Same goes for line graph. But for that I
have something interesting for you to
show you. What happens if line graph or
bar chart or pie chart they create a
combination of two. See, I haven't
taught you how to write tables, but I'll
show you. Basically, don't don't try to
understand anything. Now, for now,
understand this point. There's a
question here and there's a task. So,
the graph and table below show uh
average monthly temperatures and average
hours of sunshine per year in three
cities. Basically, this is temperature
and this is a uh number of hours of
sunshine.
Two diagrams. What to do now? Just
separate the paragraphs with the
diagrams. So first comes information
about the graph paraphrase this and
second paragraph starts with writing
about the line graph. Third paragraph
about um the table and finally overall
you can write overall just after opening
like I explained. Look the data provides
information on average temperature and
annual hours of sunshine in these three
cities. Done. Paragraph change one
paragraph for the line graph.
What's happening? Temperature in this is
the starts with 25 and Sydney reaches
here and there. Whatever you feel. See
there's no hard and fast language here.
There is no hard and fast rule. The only
hard and fast rule that we have is first
sentence has to be as clear as possible.
First second you are creating body
paragraphs according to the question.
For example, we have two diagrams. You
create two body paragraphs. Inside that
whatever you see is what you write.
There is no hard and fast rule that you
write like this or that. It's just don't
change the numbers. Don't have your own
speculations. For example, oh next year
maybe that will change. No, that we
don't care. We don't care for next year.
We don't care for another one day as
well. We care for what they have
mentioned in the image. Once we write
about the line graph, next paragraph
about the table. And finally, overall
information. This overall information
can be written above as well or below as
well. There's no hard and fast rule.
Like I said earlier
like the same works in line graph same
works in bar chart same works in the
case of pie chart but pie chart has a
different issue case of pie chart the
problem is not one we have two things or
two changes you can say that the first
change is that we have always fractions
mentioned as you can see here
they will always be mentioned to show
you what is the you know person
basically that they will show you first
thing. Second, there will never be one
pie chart. There will be pie chart or
table, pie chart or line graph or two
pie charts or three pie charts. Single
pie chart cannot have that information
to write 150 minimum words. In fact,
they're asking us to write more than
150. So, that's not possible. They
always write more. Right? Now, how do we
write?
First of all, paraphrasing of this
statement. The pie chart below uh show
the on online because they were multiple
charts. So they use show instead of
shows. The pie charts below show the
online shopping sales for certain or
retail sectors in New Zealand in this
year and this year. He paraphrase it.
For example, the pie charts provide
information or illustrate or give
information about um New Zealand's
online retail sector whatever it is. So
look at this. The two pie charts compare
the percentage of online sales across
retail sectors in New Zealand and this
year. Done. This is straightforward. We
don't even have to think the first
sentence. Done. First paragraph done.
What about the first body paragraph? How
do we write it? Never write in year for
example. Oh, first year this is what
happening. Second year this is what
happened. This is not going to be a good
or or a pretty answer. We always take
commodities
and we compare them. For example, I took
travel and film and music in one part.
Books and clothes I took in another body
paragraph. When I'm talking about
travel, I talk about both 2003 this
happened 2013 this happened because see
they are not asking us literally to
compare each and every year. They're
asking us to compare when necessary. If
you read the instructions carefully
summarize the information by selecting
and reporting main feature and compare
where relevant.
So where it is relevant in the
commodities in the the data inside. If
you compare the year it'll become really
boring answer. So you write first about
2003 and then about 13 that's not a
comparison. So let's talk about travel,
film and music first three of them
initially. So the three sectors kept
changing that is uh I think there should
be an entry here. This is a different
paragraph that is called overall
information. Now we started 8 at 36% it
has it can be seen the travel sector
accounted for majority of online sales
in 2003. True. 36th majority again
highest lowest rule comes if it is the
highest we have to write that and what
happens to 36 it became 29 not anymore
the highest but this percentage has
dropped to 29% by 2023 or 2030
and what happened to other thing that is
film film and music started from 21
which was almost the lowest reach the
highest in the market 33 that we have to
mention look across the same 10 years
period An increasing number of people
chose to uh purchase film and music
online. We can see the transition trend
from 21% to 33% making the retail sector
the highest overall share in of the
online market.
Amazing. So this is how the whole answer
works in pie chart. Basically
we have to use the commodities. It'll
become easy. What was the highest? What
was the lowest? We don't care. whatever
we have to write it but automatically
it'll work out. So 36 highest went to 29
21 lowest went to 33 so on and on. What
about the remaining thing? Well
remaining two commodities were left
clothing and I think uh books. So
clothing and books are explained here.
Same way they started with this and they
went down like this. See fallen
considerably. You have used seen this
phrase right? Earlier it was 24 it was
good number but it fallen significantly
to 16. Same goes with um you know books
that is 22%. So this is how you explain
pie charts numbers numbers and numbers
>> I have doubt. Yes suraj to ask
>> uh haven't we compared both ears in this
par
>> that's in this report
should not compare
>> we no okay okay okay that's a
misunderstanding let me explain we
should compare inside the paragraph but
we cannot write separate paragraph for
each
that's what I mentioned we should not
compare the year in paragraph separately
for example you write one paragraph for
2003 everything what you see and then
another paragraph for 2013 to say that
oh this was the change in 2013 that's
what I mentioned
>> uh is it only for uh pie chart or uh for
uh line graph
>> for everything for everything you cannot
comp create a separate paragraph for
years line graph bar chart pie chart we
cannot create separate paragraph for the
year
>> there will be one question okay so there
will be one question type where we have
to compare only the year I I'll show you
that question type but not in these
three.
Okay. Now comes the next type. The next
type is really interesting and
straightforward type. So we have seen so
far the things that we were talking
about in line of Python. Now we have
table. Now table has something
interesting that is that size the m size
of it makes it crazy. Look at the
numbers that we have here.
So many numbers we have you know 25
actually here. Yeah. 5 by 5 25. So how
can we write this? You know we can
literally keep writing nuclear. So
because this question says here one
second the table below shows the
percentage use of four different fuel
types. So they're talking about fuel
types. Nuclear, coal and ignite,
petroleum product, hydropower. Others we
don't count it as types. So four types
uh to generate electricity in five Asian
countries in 2005. If they would have
mentioned Asian countries first. So the
table shows the percentage or table
shows the five Asian countries using
four different types. Then for us the
countries become important. They will
become our main way to separate the
para. But because they have mentioned
that four types of fuel types are
important for us. We'll separate our
parab based on the fuel types. So we'll
talk about nuclear first then cold
ignite then petroleum product then
hydro. Now because we have uh you know
we cannot write five paragraphs. So we
can separate it here itself. two in one,
two in one other we can write even
separate paragraph if you want to right
but even in writing that we have
multiple numbers what can we say in
nuclear Malaysia is 19 Singapore is 13
Thailand is zero South Korea we cannot
write like that is there any way we can
deal with this you know so many numbers
this is exactly what we need we call it
grouping to create group of numbers so
that we don't have to repeat because
they have mentioned Please report main
features that compare where relevant we
don't have to compare everything. So if
we take nuclear 49 is the highest but
because this number is not that far away
from 33 we can take it into one account.
They are in majority you can say that
compared to other numbers. Great. Very
important for us. Okay let's take two.
Thailand is the lowest. We'll take that
as account because it is interesting.
It's completely zero. What about these
three? These two. These two can be done
through two ways. first ignore it. Or
you say that Malaysia and Singapore come
under um are higher than Thailand
definitely but lower than South Korea.
You can say right or you can ignore
them. Second theory says that look
Malaysia and Singapore in coal and
ligignite we have two which are highest
compared to others and others are not
going beyond six or compared to them
very low you can say that compared to 61
they are very low. So Thailand, South
Korea and Japan are comparatively very
low or you can say that like I said
earlier they're not more than six not
less than three. Here uh Thailand is the
highest 36 in petroleum products and
other countries are not more than
three%.
You they are not using more than 3% of
the petroleum product to generate
electricity and that is also a nice way
to do that. Basically you wrote two
sentences and you covered all the
numbers. One for this, one for the
remaining. One for this, one for
remaining. One for this, one for this
and one for remaining. Or you can ignore
easily done. Now look at the structure.
First sentence from paraphrasing this.
Done. Then this is separate question
statement. Taking nuclear fuel first.
Japan has the highest percentage 49.
South Korea second 33 and Thailand no
nuclear power at all. What about the
remaining? They ignored it. Like I said,
this is this is what the structure
works. This is how it works. Poland,
ligignite, Malaysia and Singapore, they
have high proportions 61 and 42 and
other countries are way too lower
because the these are higher numbers
compared to other countries. So we don't
need to show them,
right? What about the other one
petroleum products? So we there we have
36 highest. What about us? None. Like
literally less than three. Three or less
than three. Exactly what they have
mentioned.
So one paragraph for initial two another
paragraph for in next two and they
combine probably in the last paragraph
about others probably that's what they
have done right. So this is how you are
supposed to write uh something called
table answers. That's the only thing
otherwise you know we don't have any
extra words for that. We just have to
learn how to group them. See first
sentence is always the same. Overall
information is always the same. It's
just the grouping is required and if you
understand grouping we don't have
anything to understand in table
completion or table explanation. I mean
straightforward
right? So when you see multiple tables
you will understand how to do grouping.
Here you can see okay for example this
looks like crazy like oh there are too
many numbers here can you see the groups
there are two groups here in others as
well you see there are two groups can
you see them now 39 40 to 39 very close
13 and 11 so one group is here and one
group is there done one sentence for
these one sentence for the remaining
there Malaysians or South Korea so
there's always group maximum three
minimum two sometime they can be written
in a single sentence like this one we
can write in a single sentence about
this
it's always better to write in condensed
form rather than writing one sentence
with this number that number and then
you know making it boring this is not
how you write report writing the
language they have used is not crazy
it's straightforward if you look at this
Thailand produces this electricity from
this source in comparison 3% less of
very simple language it That is not the
way we write essays. You know in essays
we have big words, big way to explain
everything. We don't have that here.
It's straightforward. There is no rocket
science here. Everything is
straightforward. I would say that.
Right. So that's what we're going to do
in table completion. Now comes something
called process diagram. Now process
diagrams would be easy for you to
understand if you have um an
understanding of what is called
practical book. I think you uh remember
in your childhood you used to have
practical journal. I don't know how many
of you remember that but I do remember
that. So in practical journal we used to
have aim
apparatus
material apparatus and material used to
be together I think method and finally
result
right so in aim we used to write what
are we going to do in this diagram
apparatus and material what are the
components you have method we write
first take this then do that then
finally result what was the result the
outcome is the result so we don't have
to write this way we remove this part we
write the method. In the method we used
to write what comes first and how it
flows. That's the most important thing
here. The flow of the diagram basically
the flow of the diagram is important for
us in every process diagram. Read what
the question is about. The diagram below
show stages of equipment used in cement
process and concrete process. And that's
it. So we are supposed to say that um
the uh the images or the process uh
diagram or the process is all about two
components uh produced called cement and
concrete. That's enough short sentence.
Now you start with the first body
paragraph how to write it important for
us like I said is flow and for flow we
have certain words. What are these
words? See we'll write it together.
We'll understand it together as well. So
there are these are called sequence
words or words to describe sequence.
For example, first comes this then comes
this you know we have first this then
this next when it is ready then next
when finally we have more after that
following to it whatever it is right but
important is for us how to use them as
well. So we have seen words I'm going to
show you how we use them. We use them by
let me just show you the diagram and we
create our own answer only to see it. So
we start with the the first one cement
production one paragraph for this one
for this.
Initially limestone and clay are mixed
and they go through a crusher.
This crusher converts the mixture into a
powder. Then the powder goes inside a
mixture where uh the other hand end of
the mixture is connected to a rotating
heater.
The mixer goes through this and heat is
provided from um the other or rare end
of it uh of the the rotating heater.
Um the outcome or uh the result is a
molten state material which uh passes
through after that which passes passes
through a grinder. After grinding or at
the end the grinded material is called
cement.
Later uh it is um it is bagged and
created. Oh yeah it is bagged and that's
the process of cement production. Same
you can say here cement, water, sand and
gravel are taken in the quantity of 15
10% 25% and 50% respectively
poured inside a concrete mixture. This
concrete mixture is rotated and
eventually
um they have mentioned even the meaning
of gravel. You can even say that instead
of sometime gravel you can say small
stone eventually after rotation cement a
concrete is produced. So this way what
comes first what comes next basically
flow is important and those words I
think you will have in your drive and
you already know these words first come
this after that at the end or in the end
at the end of the process. So this is
how you write process diagram. Not a big
deal I believe. Nice. Now comes the last
part which is called um something called
map map difference. Now map difference
can also be two diagrams, three
diagrams. I have seen last but that is
very rare four diagrams. And what is map
difference? You will they will show you
map basically a map diagram like this
one. And they will ask you to write the
difference. Earlier was this and after
that is this. Right? What were the
changes? What happened? This is what you
have to describe. For example, you know,
we have houses more. Now we have
restaurants and whatever. Sometimes we
have three. For example, 1990 is this
one. 2010 is this one. And 2020 is
another diagram they will show you here.
Right? So what are we supposed to do?
How are we supposed to light the write
the sentence? In this case, when it
comes to uh report writing for uh map
difference, there is a tiny mistake
people make. If they remove the mistake,
it becomes easy. It becomes correct as
well as easy. Let me show you an example
with three diagrams. So here we have 20
minutes time. The diagram below shows
changes that has taken place in this
particular school since the construction
in 1950. So after 1950, what happened?
1980 and 2010. Three different times
there were changes you know renovation
and all.
Sorry. So what happens in those times?
If you look at 1950, we have these
things. If you have 1980 of course many
changes but something similar. The
common mistake people make is when they
are writing about 1950 they also add
information of 1980 such as in 1950
cross to the main road there is a school
created. However later this school
building or the houses will be
demolished or houses will be gone and
later there will be car park and science
block. This is the common mistake when
we are writing about 1950. We are adding
information to 1980 because we feel
comparison is required. Yes, it is
required not in this way. There is a
method of comparison when it comes to
map difference. And here this is the
first time we'll be writing according to
the year. I told you one diagram
according to the year only we'll write.
Now what how can we solve this mistake?
In order to compare anything we need a
base. For example, uh I say that uh this
phone is much much better than my
previous phone. Then I have to describe
the previous phone. What happened there,
right? Then I say this is the one. So we
need a base to describe the first year
is always the base
only. When you describe the 1951
only describe 1950 first sentence is the
paraphrasing of the statement I've shown
you. Main road, school, houses,
farmland, and playground. These are the
five words that that's it you should use
nothing else and show that close to the
school we houses below houses farmland
and in adjacent we have playground up
opposite of the school there is main
road that's it nothing else let me show
you so this is the paraphrase version of
the diagram below the diagrams show uh
three stages of the school and in
development 1950 1980 20110 done now
look in 1950 the school was built close
to the main road and next to number of
houses a large area behind the school
was done to playground while the area
behind the house is farmland. Nothing
else.
What happened in 1980? In 1980 you can
see school building has also science
block. Now it's the same color. So
basically it's the same connection and
car park is also with it. So we we can
write it here.
In 1980 this houses has been demolished
in order to make a way to for a small
car park and an additional school
building which became the science block.
In addition to the existing playground,
the school also gained the farmland and
converted into sports field.
Done. We have now this one. Now we go to
the next one. When we write the new
paragraph 2010, we don't need any
information about 1950. We need about
1980 because for 2010 the base is 1980.
For 1980 the base is 1950. 1950 we don't
have a base. So we write nothing in
comparison we write as it is 2010 you
can see the school building remain
unchanged but the car park has been
extended school building remain
unchanged car park extended
basically this is how you write map
difference when you write about the base
you don't compare when you write about
1980 you compare compared to this when
you write about 2010 you compare
according to the previous one and that's
the main reason why people go wrong in
map difference there can be two years 3
years or maximum four
And what about the last one? Do we have
an ending requires look they haven't
mentioned anything call overall
information not necessary like I told
you it's not necessary in any of the
questions if you have something
interesting you can mention that this
was writing part one compared to essay
writing isn't this easy how easy is that
so it's really easy trust me when you
try writing once and then you you
understand it once or revise once you
will get it easily
>> I writing part one letter writing
Uh so in today's session we'll
understand what how to write letter.
Basically in writing part one we have
letter writing. In letter writing we um
have gone through it you know earlier in
our life in in school and college and
everywhere. So basically this would be
much much easier compared to other uh
types that we have seen earlier because
you have gone through it. But just for
the sake of it I'll show you what kind
of questions you can get. Not
necessarily the same type but yes this
will be the pattern per se. What will be
the pattern? If you ask this will be the
pattern. Let me uh share my display and
show you what will be the pattern here.
As you can see on the top they will
write you can spend 20 minutes but you
can spend as much as you want. Of course
not more than 60 minutes because you
have part two as well. You can combine
the time. Secondly you have a question
called or the statement called
uh you recently bought a camera while
traveling overseas. When you got to your
destination, you discovered that some
important items were missing from the
box. And then you write a letter to a
person. They will tell us where are you
writing this letter to. Okay. And also
you have some questions you have to
write the letter to. You know these
these uh details have to be there.
Minimum 150 words should be there in
your answer. This is the typical
structure that we get in your uh letter
writing. Right now this was like I said
typical question. But the question
arises what kind of answers we can
write? It will take very less time to
understand this. Earlier in our school,
we used to have six types of no parts or
six details that we used to write. The
first one is called the address or
initially we used to write date as well.
The first one comes date. Then we have
the address. Then we have the subject.
Subject is I think you all of you know
what is the subject of uh
the letter. Then we have called
something called um salutation. We
salute the person we are writing to
respected sir respected madam I think
all of you have gone through also
written that body the main data of the
the letter and finally we should write
signature your name and sign right these
were the six components that we had but
out of these in ISS initial three are
not required so we can remove them okay
only three are required so these three
we can write in detail the first one is
called salutation ation. Second one is
called body and third one is called
signature
or sign. And these three we don't have
multiple types now. We don't have three
types of letters. Earlier we used to
think but we have only something called
formal
and informal. That's it. So if we know
how to write three components
salutation, body and signature for
formal and informal letter writing is
done. There is nothing in letter writing
if you understand this that's it within
a day you'll become an expert in this
especially the technical part and I'm
not saying writing part if you don't
think and write of course there will be
issues but technically speaking you'll
be pretty sound okay so we'll start with
salutation first of all okay we'll talk
about both formal and informal type of
letter what is salutation salutation or
to salute uh is of two types that is
formal plus informal
when you read the question in a letter
you will understand If the letter is
written to a person who you know
personally that is called formal. So
this is called personal letters
right? Personally if you write someone
let's say you know that person
personally that is called personal
letters and they are informal. If you're
writing to someone who you do not know
personally that is called formal letter.
Okay. So mostly friends, family,
neighbors, u siblings these people come
on under informal and formal is everyone
else. Okay. How do you write salutation
for formal?
Please do not use respected sir,
respected man. That is useless. Write
always dear uh sir or madam. And don't
even write that slash in between. Some
people do that. That's incorrect. Okay.
Just write dear sir or madam and a comma
always after this. Then you can write
dear madam or sir. It's up to you the
sequence. We nobody minds the sequence
here. So both of them are acceptable and
both of them are correct. But in the
case of informal we have some other
possibilities. Okay. In here also we
start with this uh phrase called the
word called dear. And the first word
comes in picture is called dear name of
that person. Let's say I'm writing to
Vishal or Jagm. I dear Vishal or dear
Jagmid or I can write the relation with
that person.
What does it mean? Because I am you know
um for example I'm writing to my mother.
I cannot use her name. So I write dear
mother or dear father or dear brother if
if he or dear if he's elder then right
so either the name or the relationship
if it's your teacher you cannot write
their names you write dear teacher that
could be still informal because you're
writing personally right person you know
them personally okay so based on this
you can see we have one type here in a
way and two types here name or
relationship this is just the salutation
part now comes the most important part
that is how to write the body of our
paragraph I mean of our essay writing.
Once you have started this the first
phrase you can leave a a sentence you
can leave or press and enter. In the
case of CBT you start with the body
part. In the body part the first part
there are three types of body you know
okay type one type two and type three.
In the type one in the case of formal
and informal there will be differences.
Please understand this. Okay. If you get
a formal letter you cannot write about
informal. So what are those differences
and what are those body parts? The first
body part will always contain two
details. Let's write them at as A and B.
A and B and both are different. So when
you write the first sentence in your
essay that is your introduction because
the person doesn't know you that well or
not at all actually in the case of
formal. So what do you do? You write my
name is this and I'm doing this.
Whatever you going to write you can
write that. That is intro of you. Second
part is about why are you writing this
letter? Your purpose basically to write
the letter. That is the second part.
Okay. Now think about informal in this
case. I'm going to show you an example
of body part one. Don't worry. But think
about the second uh case. Would you
write introduction to your friend? Why
would you? Would you write introduction
to your mother? My name is this. No. So
introduction is not required. You can
ask about health to them or you can talk
about past meetings. Like last time we
had we had fun at home. I still remember
that it was good time and then you can
continue or I hope you find this letter
in great health and I hope you are doing
well when you find this letter something
like this and B is again why why are you
writing this letter well to invite them
to do this to tell them whatever you
want to write so why will be same in
both cases okay
second part is what we called to show
the second part I think it'll be better
if I show you directly rather than
talking about it. Second part comes from
these questions.
Each question will become one body
paragraph. Every essay, every letter
will have these questions. You know,
give details about the camera where you
bought it. Explain what has happened and
say what you want him or her to do about
it, right? That you because there is no
charge or there is something missing in
the box. Okay. Look, dear sir or madam
opening or what do you call salutation?
Then we have my name is this and I'm
writing a hope that you will help me
problem regarding the camera that I
recently bought. Fine. This is intro
plus opening. Done. Now comes the first
body paragraph. True body paragraph.
First one done. You see this comes from
question. Give details about the camera
where you bought it. Well my I bought
this camera on 27th June and I purchased
it for this much and then blah blah blah
with my card. That's it. Second question
explain what has happened. Well, what
has happened is when I arrived in the
hotel, camera did not include the
battery charger. Of course, we can write
some good language, but basically you
explain what happened. Why are you
writing this letter? The space in the
box for the charger was empty. Great.
Say what you want him or her to do about
it. Well, what I want them to do is send
me the charger. I don't want to I cannot
come back and I'm in uh I'm attaching a
copy of receipt with this letter and
also my address. You don't have to
attach anything. You don't have to show
the attachment. is just you write that
so that you can know attach it later but
you have to to show that oh um you can
send it over here right these are the
three body paragraphs but they are of
one type that is details from here that
is second type of body paragraph right
now the third type is a single sentence
and to understand that we have to go to
a separate file what is this third type
okay if you understand this way
everything becomes easy the third type
is called the closing type. What is a
closing type? Well, closing type comes
from vocabulary and vocabulary in your
standard plus and premium folder
separately. There's a separate file
called uh letterw writing related
vocabulary or part one related
vocabulary. Okay. Now, in that
vocabulary list, you have related to
apologizing. If the letter is about
apologizing, you can take help from here
asking for help, asking for information.
And there's a separate section for
closing.
And we have three types of closings.
Type one, type two, and type three. When
do we use them? Please notice here. It's
very important. When you are about to
meet a person
and you're writing a an informal letter,
okay? After the letter, you might meet
them, right? For example, a birthday
party or something or you're going to go
to them. Always write, "I'm look forward
to seeing you."
If that letter is formal type instead of
informal and you are about to meet that
person you write formal letter here this
one I'm look for I'm looking forward to
meeting you yes this language is correct
this is how grammar works in this case
not look forward to meet you no meeting
you now remember that if you're about to
meet that person if it is informal go
with this if it is formal go with this
and the middle one is correct for both
the cases formal plus informal and it is
in the situations when we are not about
to meet them. We're waiting for a reply
from them. For example, if I write a
letter to let's say Vishal um I need an
information about the city you're living
and I want I'm going to travel. So you
might write me a letter, right? So I'm
waiting I'll write this. I look forward
to hearing from you. Right? Or what if
I'm writing that I'm going to come to
your city. We're going to have um we're
going to have a traveling plan. Then
I'll say I look forward to seeing you.
But what if I'm writing to you instead
of that I'm writing to a person who is
uh you know big deal or let's say or a
dean of mine you know professor
basically for me uh respectful right so
I I write this one I look forward to
meeting you if I'm about to meet that
person so these are the three types of
closing we can have because in the
previous letter we was looking at in
that case we were waiting for their
reply on that is situation about camera
that's why we use I look forward to
hearing from you That's the third type.
First type is intro, intro plus why
you're writing the letter. Second type
is writing information based on these
questions. And last one is closing.
Okay. So these are the three types of
paragraphs that we have and we can write
it here. Second types comes from
questions here as well. Questions. Okay.
And the third type comes from closing or
it is a closing type here as well. Same
no change in here. Of course you have
seen the closing. Okay. So these were
the body paragraphs and last but not the
least because we have understood
salutation body now comes signature.
Signature is when we write at the end
sign you know kind regards best regards
generally we use use that in email. So
signature it's different in formal as
well as informal.
In the case of formal we write something
called um
only one thing you can write earlier
yours sincerely was a route but yours
faithfully is the best option that you
have right exactly what I'm writing like
yours should have w uh s and same
spelling and a comma yours faithfully
and your full name okay for example we
have uh let's say my name you can write
it like this full name you cannot write
half name okay in the case of informal
You have freedom to write anything you
want. You can write uh kind regards and
only the first name. You can write best
regards or you can even say um yours
lovingly. Okay. And your first name.
That's okay because this is the
informal. Informal anything is allowed
in the case of signature. Okay. So these
are the types of letters we have. These
are the ways you can do the signature
part, the body paragraph and the
salutation. Now if you look at the
letter the complete letter that we have
the only thing that will change is this
question and who you're writing the
letter to and these parts and everything
else is same. No the structure you write
first the salutation then you write your
name and if it is inform if it is formal
then why you writing this letter and you
answer those questions and you have a
closing and then in the end this. So
nothing is different in any letter. What
you have to do is remember these phrases
or understand these phrases for any if
it is letter about apologizing use this.
If it's letter about asking for help,
you use this. Asking for information,
use this. Closing, use this. Basically a
long detail. You can print this file.
You can keep it with you if you need it
for letters. And that will be the
perfect collection for letters. You
won't make a mistake later. We have
completed our letterw writing part one.
>> I speaking part one. We'll talk about
speaking. Now we have not done any
speaking. So we'll start with basic uh
what are the parts that we have how we
going to answer those question
everything right? So let's start with uh
understanding how many parts and then
the timing and everything. So let's
start with speaking. Speaking contains
one second
three parts
part one part two part three. And each
part is there for a reason because part
one is there for conversation. Basically
they ask you everyday questions you know
like how do you uh answer questions
which are connected to you plus uh basic
questions introductory question then we
have something called um they call it Q
card but it is not a Q card it's called
the long term that means it's your turn
to speak for long so it's called a long
turn in in normal term it's called
informal way it's called Q card that you
have to speak for 2 minutes continuously
you'll get 1 minute per preparation we
don't need to discuss it today and
Another conversation we have in the end
we have to discuss it today here this
one overall speaking is 11 to 14 minutes
part one would be anything between 4 to
5 minutes this one is 3 to 4 minutes and
this one is 4 to 5 minutes again so when
you add it all it's 11 to 14 minutes
right so minimum is 11 maximum is 14 so
what is this part one what happens in
here and how are we going to solve this
part one like I said is conversation and
the questions are very basic You know
like do you like this, do you like that?
What do you prefer? It's all about you.
It's not about others or an opinion.
It's a fact-based question about you,
right? Do you like this? Do you like
that kind of question? So let me show
you uh a question list actually where we
have a
theme based questions. What is theme
based question? Let me show you here. So
here we have multiple themes. What is
your work about? Where do you work? Do
you like your job? and why? So basically
basic questions. Do you like studying?
Where is where do you study? What is
your favorite days? Do you like your
hometown? Do you like your home? Very
basic questions they ask you. Right? Now
the problem with basic questions is when
we try to answer them, answers are
short. But in part one, it's mandatory
to answer in three to four sentences.
Remember that.
So how do we answer such basic questions
in three to four sentences? That's the
most uh you know difficult thing you can
say that this is the vital uh thing to
do. So
what is your favorite
US and UK drama favorite color? Okay
again fine
what when this question is asked we can
answer this one sentence right. My
favorite color is black let's say or
blue or or green whatever it is. Now we
don't need one sentence. We need how
many sentences? Three or four sentences.
How can I answer this in three or four
sentences?
Any idea? So there is a way we can
create answers
which can have four to five sentences or
three to four sentences. That's much
better. So how do we do that? Well, in
order to do that, we have to create a
nice structure in our answer. There are
three parts in any answer even if it is
part one question. What are those three
parts called? The first part is kind of
answering the question. So we answer the
question in a single sentence. First
one. Second, we add whatever we want to
in in the form of details or or reason
whatever you want to add. And finally,
we repeat our answer. Let's see what I
mean by that.
When I say I answer the question, we
should never use the question as it is.
For example, what is your favorite
color? My favorite color is black. No,
don't do that. Change something. You can
say that paraphrase the question in
here. So you can say that the color
which I prefer for anything is black.
So you change the statements basically
that they are they are able to see that
we have lexical resources included in
here. So we have what is your favorite
uh color?
The color which I like is this. Uh where
do you work? um the place where I work
is this instead of I work here instead
of that you can say that okay let's say
we answer the question my uh the color
which I like is this what about adding
in addition when you want to add
information we can add three types of
details and either of them you can
choose or you can keep changing with
every question first one is your reason
the most common one why do I like this
color second one adding details and you
can also talk about time I I'll explain
each of them each and every and repeat
is basically paraphrasing your own
statement with saying that hence so
paraphrasing of the paraphrasing right
so how does it look let's create an
answer for everything so basically like
this and this way so first answer the
color which I prefer is black and the
reason for that it looks serene on
anything you buy anything you wear
right so uh you know whenever I go to
shop I always look for it because I I
have seen that on me particularly it
looks great and hence I always try to
buy try to go for this particular color
which is black nice what about details
you don't give reasons you add details
for example the color which I prefer is
black and uh everything on my desk is
generally black my mouse my computer my
keyboard I try to search for that
moreover I have two cars they're also
black I would always go for the shop and
ask person do you have anything it's
it's such I'm such a big fan of this
particular color. Right? It's you
because you said I'm such a big fan. You
kind of paraphrase this. That that means
I like you didn't give reason. You just
added details like you said scientific
uh reason can be added because this
color mostly absorbs lot of energy. I
like such things. Right? What about the
time? Earlier I used to write white
color or light colors but later I
realized when using them that it um
such colors become dirty really easily
and hence I stopped using them. These
days I prefer dark colors such as dark
blue or dark green or black even.
So what do we have? We have three types
of answers possible when in in part one
speaking part one they ask you around
six to seven questions. When they're
asking you these many questions, you
have to have new style for every time.
So you can sometime give reason. If
they're not asking specific thing, for
example, what is your favorite color and
why? If they say that, then you have to
go for reason for sure. But if they're
not asking, you can add details.
Sometime you ask about time. So it looks
more fresh, you know, it looks like you
have a way to create answers.
I'll speaking part two.
In speaking, we have already understood
part one and part two is remaining. Part
three is remaining. Part two is the
biggest problem is in your speaking
because part one they ask questions
about you and basic question. Do you
like this? Do you like that? And
basically it it is easy to find. In
speaking like I said we have two parts
uh three parts one, two and three. In
second part we have bigger problems.
Why? Because this is called the long
turn or some people call it the Q card.
In here you are supposed to speak for
maximum two minutes. So 1 to two minute
is the speaking time. This is the
speaking time. Okay.
And you have maximum 1 minute of
preparation time. So preparation time is
they'll give you a question to keep.
It's up to you. You can keep it. You can
read it. You can take notes. That time
is only 1 minute. Reading the question,
taking your notes. And they will give
you a piece of paper and a pencil. You
can keep taking notes. Whatever you want
to write, you can in fact look into the
notes while while speaking. It's up to
you. But of course, we cannot keep
reading and looking. Right? So 1 minute
is that preparation time taking notes
and understanding the question. 2
minutes maximum is the speaking time.
After 1 minute 50 seconds, probably
they're going to stop you anyway. So
what kind of questions do we get that we
can prepare for 1 minute within 1
minute? Questions are
actually not that difficult. The
questions are very basic again. But the
problem is um the the the story part I
I'll explain what is the story part. So
here is the list of questions. I can
show you all are described type of
question in part two. Describe someone
who you know who does something well and
we have some questions connected to that
which we have to answer. Look they have
mentioned as well. You will have to talk
about the topic for one or two one to
two minutes and you will be one you will
have one minute to prepare um about
that. You can make notes if you wish.
Right. Okay. Same question. Describe a
shop near where you live that you
sometime use. Uh describe a child that
you know. Uh describe some something you
don't have now but would like to own in
the future.
Uh describe a house apartment that
someone you know lives in. So all these
questions are describe kind of question
right? You are supposed to answer these
questions based on a theory. Let's take
an example which is simpler to
understand. Of course, we can take
different examples, but let's take this
one for now. If you take this example
and we begin answering the question, you
will understand what I'm trying to say.
Describe a shop near where you live that
you sometime use and you have these
questions. Yes, you have it is
compulsory to answer and no, the the
sequence is not necessary to be
followed.
So when earlier there were three types
of um methods. It started with nothing
to something right. The method type
method one was
whatever comes to your mind you speak.
So you say that whatever comes to your
mind you speak you are speaking freely.
So you're free to speak anything. The
problem with this is sometimes you
create contents content sometimes
sometimes you do not. So you might take
some note any note you want and you talk
freely. The problem with this is the
content is not appropriate at times or
not enough at times not a good method.
Then then the the method of preparation
within 1 minute enhanced and they say
that why don't you do brainstorming?
Why don't you do brainstorming? What is
brainstorming? Brainstorming is when you
ask questions to yourself about the the
topic and the questions are what, why,
where,
when,
who,
what, which.
Okay. And how much and how many? Now,
now let's take this example of how much
and how many. What is this shop about?
Why do you travel there? Why do you go
there? Where is it situated? When do you
go to the shop? Who with whom do you go
to the shop? Uh which items do you buy?
How many do you buy? How much do you
buy? So many questions. And now you have
enough content. Now you have enough
content to speak about the answer.
There's one problem with this method.
Can anyone tell me what's the problem
with this method? Have a look and tell
me. It's monotonous. Yes. One of the
problems. True. I'll tell you what's the
problem. Problem is the sequence.
Where do we start from?
We don't know. We start from what we
feel like. We might say there is a shop
nearby which I like and then we continue
with something else. So we don't know
which question
uh what is the sequence what is the best
sequence you can create because we don't
have any story line. We have just data
after data and because of that you're
right it'll become monotonous right? So
we don't need this. We need some
sequence and hence I created a method
and this time yes I did by myself. It's
called a story line or the timeline
method. Timeline method says that if you
want to speak for about anything you
cannot randomly jump from one question
to another. You have to speak according
to a time method. You know first this
then this then that. Let me just draw
four parts in here. In any speech that
you go with in I is part two you have
four parts. Part one is called let me
just write here the concept.
Okay. And we have to understand that one
first. We'll we'll go with the second
one after we understand the concept.
If I provide you this question describe
a shop near where you live that you
sometime use. How will you start the
answer? Just the first sentence. I don't
need more than that. Just the first
sentence. How will you start the answer?
We have something written. Start with a
location or long time ago.
You can do that. You can say that long
time ago I used to do this. I used to go
to this shop which is close to my house
called XY Z. Now the problem with this
method is you're directly jumping to the
topic.
You're directly jumping to the topic
instead of creating a nice story line.
So what I do is I try to create a
contrast or at least um create a story
line with this method. So the concept is
why shopping or why the shop the first
question I ask myself
and how do we do that? How do we create
this why? The concept is I plus the
question. What is I? So basically my
personality is I don't like going to
shops. Honestly maybe your personality
is you like going to shops. Maybe you
you are a person who like also to lie on
their couch and read a book or watch a
movie or something like right. So always
start with what you are like when it
comes to the question.
Let's take an example of a sentence.
Shopping is not my cup of tea and hence
I generally will I am generally found on
the sofa watching um TV. Maybe I'm
called a couch couch potato but because
I have to help my x y z any person you
can use my my parents my partner my
friend whatever hence I have to visit
this shop near to me which is called
this so what did we do we create a nice
um initial part uh kind of suspense that
we created you can also do positive
suspense you can say that well this is
my favorite activity when I get stressed
and hence I have so many uh shops to
talk about but out of these I I still
can choose easily this is my favorite.
Now you have a nice starting you know
like oh this person is um a person who
goes out a lot but still they can choose
this must be something unique about the
shop. There are two benefits of it.
First of all you create suspense. Second
you have already introduced or started
with two sentences instead of one before
you even go to next topic. Before you go
to the next part, you already have
spoken two sentences and almost spend
around 10 seconds to 15 seconds there
rather than starting the topic. There
you might get time issues. Here you
won't. So the concept is about what you
think about the topic as connected to
for example describe an interesting news
that you watched or read in newspaper.
say that um
I I'm not a person who would watch news
much because they bore me. But yesterday
I heard something while um someone in my
family was watching TV. I could not stop
myself. I had to watch it. Now you see
how interesting it becomes. Or you can
say that uh reading newspaper is my is
in one of my is one of my favorite
activity and I keep doing it um in the
morning. uh but recently I found
something which I cannot I could not
forget till today and now you can start
talking about that activity. So positive
or negative we have something to speak
right we can create the nice opening
after this is done is everyone clear
about this part
second part is called the plan and what
is the plan just write here the plan so
before you reach the shop you you cannot
just appear from your home to shop
suddenly you have to travel to talk
about traveling describe a person you
met recent ly you cannot suddenly appear
to that person. You must have been
either invited or you were going
somewhere or something might have
happened. Anything let it be anything
happened. That's how you met that
person. Something h had to happen to
reach that shop. Describe an interesting
news before you reach to to the sofa you
must have done something either walked
there or had some drink or had something
to take from let's say chips and soda or
something. Planning is before you reach
the main topic, what do you do? For
example, describe an apartment. You saw
an example earlier. Did you reach that
apartment suddenly? No. You were maybe
invited to a birthday party and suddenly
you saw that apartment and you liked it.
So, talk about that invitation to the
birthday party. In this case, we can say
that well this shop is not that far away
from my place and hence sometime I walk
but when I have to carry a lot of
luggage, I take my car. um you know when
I have to buy a lot of products I I go
to that uh place or the shop buy my car
so basically the traveling part
you can even add so but but this there
is a nice parking space in that
particular uh uh shop and I really like
the way it is now done planning done
that's enough no need to so how do you
reach there is a planning part once this
is done so initial four sentences three
sentences kind of building the story
part is
Now comes the fourth part, third part,
the most important part called the thing
or the topic. Whatever the topic is,
let's say in here we have the shop. This
is about your what.
Along with your what, what have we
already explained where it is located?
We did in here. What the shop looks
like? We have to do it here. Always talk
about what it looks like, you know, uh
in in in your topic. always in over here
not in the beginning. What sort of
products we have to talk about it here
as well. If you like it or dislike it
would be at the end not here. So this
part why you like it or dislike it why
you use it always would be at the end
but rest of them would always be in the
topic.
Okay. So always like I said describe the
the shop or the news or the person or
the movie whatever they're asking the
way they look the way they look the way
they feel. Okay. So what about the shop?
Well, this particular shop has uh two
stories. The first story is allotted for
grocery and the second one is a gift
shop. I never went there to the gift
shop, but I can uh tell you about the
grocery. The shop is really clean. As
soon as you enter, you would see proper
segregation of u every product they
have. For example, fruits and vegetables
are on one side. On the other side we
have spices and the household things
things which required everyday in in
cooking or in cleaning. So they have a
nice separation of things you can say
that what about once the look part is
done you talk about the products and
services because that is part of the
question you cannot ignore it you have
to speak about it. So you say that not
just the products their services are
also um apt for that particular shop.
You can say that uh also they have
something called home delivery. If you
order more than this amount you can get
it delivered within 5 kmters of your
place um blah blah blah and blah blah
and then finally once the topic is done
comes the feedback part. You see that
already we have spoken almost five to
six seven sentences more maybe the
feedback the feedback part is nothing
but uh basically why you like it and
would you recommend it to others you say
that well this shop is one of my
favorites for the reason they have not
just good products products you can buy
anywhere with the same expiry dates but
service and the people who work there is
something that that lures me or makes me
think about uh this particular shop as
my go-to shop Right? And I would
recommend anyone who would looking who's
looking for a shop always think of these
uh services as the the major as the main
factor to choose the shop. Right? So
that's there we go. By this time you
would see that already 2 minutes are
over because you spoke four sentences
here combined right around seven
sentences six sentences over here three
sentences over here. This will be easily
done. Do not run. Do not run in the
sense do not just keep running um after
you know data. Be slow, be methodical.
Easily your two minutes will pass if you
speak slowly because you have to fit
less. In fact, the sequence is ready.
You have to fit less. You have to create
less. What do we do in order to complete
the data? In order to complete what we
started with, we run to complete the
data. And that's a big problem. That's a
big problem. We should never run to
complete the data.
>> I am speaking part three.
>> See in speaking so far we have
understood what is part one, what is
part two. We haven't seen what is part
three. So in part one it's a
conversation. In part two it's a
monologue. Part three again is a
conversation. Now you must be thinking
Sam part one was easy. It's a it was
just a conversation. Monologue was
difficult because you have to speak for
long. So don't you think this is easy?
You said this is interesting. Yes, it is
easy interesting but I'm sorry it's
interesting but not easy and the reason
is this particular conversation is
extensive
what's extensive little bit with more
details basically so in in part one
you're supposed to speak for three to
four sentences in part three it's
different it's more so how much more
let's understand the difference with a
table so that we know we we remember
better with a table structure so we have
part one and part Three. Let's draw a
line here and do this and understand
what happens one by one. In part one,
the questions are about basically a
questions are short. First of all,
forget about okay in here questions are
long. In fact, multiple questions are
also possible. Just write long plus
multiple. Multiple in the sense you have
three questions, two questions in one
go. They ask you and yes, it's a
conversation. In here, answers are also
short. So you can say that my bad. So
you can say short answers as well
possible here. No, here it is three to
four sentences. Answers are not short
here. Answers are long and they are six
to seven sentences. Remember that six to
seven sentences extensive answers for
the question.
In part one, the questions are about
you. In part uh in part three, the
questions are about others.
The theme for part one is generally
random and it is about everyday life
theme you know such as um shopping,
house, home, birthdays and colors and
all those things. But in part uh three
the theme is from taken from part two
itself. Whatever the part two question
is the theme will stay the same. Okay
theme will stay the same.
Last but not the least here the
questions are factbased. What is fact
based question? For example, what is
your favorite color? It's a fact. You
know that as a matter of fact. You might
have a doubt, but at least you know
about yourself better. But in uh in in
uh part three, this is not true. It's an
opinion based question such as um do you
think it's important for kids to have uh
extracurricular activity in school? So
maybe we don't know for sure. every
answer might differ. So that's why it's
opinion based and the previous one is
factbased question. Okay. I'm going to
show you some questions to make you
clear about the whole table scenario so
that you know we we all understand
what's happening here. Okay. So I have
collected some questions for you guys so
that you can read them. There you go. Um
we have questions such as what skills
and abilities do people most want today
and why? Which skills should children
learn at school? Are there any skill
which they should learn at home? What
are they? You can see the length has
increased multiple times here compared
to part one. And you can see what type
of local business is there in your in
your neighborhood. Are there any
restaurant shops or dentists for
example? Um or how much time do uh do
children spend with their parents in
your country? Do you think that is
enough? Now when I'm showing you these
questions, they're easy. The reason for
that is you're able to read it.
Actually, you're just able to, you know,
okay, I'm reading it. I'm I'm able to
answer them. But actually, that's not
that's not the point. The point is you
won't be able to read it in exam. You
will be able to only listen the person.
So if I'm asking you question, I'm not
going to show you the question. I'm
going to just ask you the question. Now
we have an issue because there are two
questions, three questions, lengthy
questions asked and you are confused.
Sam, what should I do now? Yes, you can
ask your examiner saying that u can you
please repeat? Oh, I didn't get it.
Would you mind repeating that? Or it
would be great if you could repeat the
question. You can do that. But but
that's not a good sign. No, every
question being repeated is not a good
sign. So what are we going to do then?
We are supposed to figure out u one
thing which is a method to understand
the questions first. Method to
understand the questions first. So in
English there are only two types of
questions. Okay. Only two types. They
are called open-ended question and
close-ended question. open-ended and
close-ended. Now, this is very technical
term. Open-ended, close-ended. You'll
all forget it for sure.
But I forgot it, right? So, just let's
get rid of these words. Something I'm
going to tell you, you'll remember
forever.
First is called yes no type of question.
And second is called explanation based
question. This is you can say layman's
term is much better here in this case.
Now, what is yes no type of question?
Any question for which the answer can be
yes no is yes no type and any question
for which you have to explain a lot is
explain type. But how do we recognize
them? How do we segregate them right?
Separate them. So yes no type is when
the question starts with okay the
question starts with
any of the auxiliary verbs or any of the
modal verbs.
Okay, remember the any of the auxiliary
verb or any of the modal verbs, any of
them. If it starts with either of them,
it is a yes no question. Otherwise, if
the question starts with
wh question,
that is definitely explanation based
question. For example, auxiliary verbs
are uh to, does, has, have. Let's say um
did
you can say
will. Now create any okay let's talk
about model was model was could be can
shall should whatever
think of any question have you guys
completed your homework answer could be
yes or no right will you uh complete
this task now answer is yes or no can
you can you please fetch me this book
yes or no basically questions when they
start with auxiliary verbs or modal
verbs answer yes or no but if they start
with this one okay let's say where
Was the book kept?
Now, can I say yes or no? Sorry, kept.
Can I say yes or no? No, we cannot say
yes or no in this case. If you do that,
you're wrong. You say, "Oh, the the book
was kept over there." Now, why did you
keep it there? Well, I kept it there
because there was no other space. So,
answer cannot be yes no if wh questions
are asked. Answer can only be yes no if
the auxiliary words are used or modal
verbs are used. These are called yes no
and explanation based question. So they
cannot ask only yes no question. They
can ask explanation based question for
sure as a solo question. So what does it
mean? So if I ask this question the last
part can be asked separately that why do
parents have um there is a change in
parents and children behavior and all
those stuff but they cannot ask have
relationship between them changed? No
they cannot ask that. So we have to
answer both the question. We have to
learn how to answer both the questions.
Let's get rid of this one first of all.
How to answer yes no question.
Okay. So in order to do that of course
it won't take time in exam you have you
know matter of one second to think
maximum. If you do it 2 seconds that's
that's actually going towards nonfluency
time but it's okay. So how do we answer
that with with perfection? First of all
remember that the first word helps you
to recognize if it is yes no type of
question. We all know that right?
Definitely the first word did that means
have.
But out of these which one to choose?
How would we know?
Okay. For an example, if I ask you guys,
did you guys complete your homework?
Yes or no? Now based on the word
complete, isn't it? You can decide
completed or not.
Action. Action always decides if it is
either yes or no. In this case, the
action is changed. So, decisions either
it is yes or no. Either of them will be
decided based on the action or the verb.
Right? For example,
um
have you guys watched that movie called
XY Z? Yes and no. And you would say no,
I haven't watched. So the action will
always decide if it is done or not. Did
you guys purchase that movie? Now some
people might have watched it. Some
people might and then we never purchased
it. I say so you say no I haven't
purchased it but I watched it. So you
can see the change in the yes and no if
you know what is the action in this case
it is the change. Did it change? Really
you can say that in short. So change
word helps you to recognize if the
answer is yes or no. But the question
type can be recognized using the first
word itself. Let's say you recognize
okay that is question type is yes no and
out of these which one to choose can
only be action. Did it really change?
You can think about it. Right? But
change is not the only word. Change has
to be connected with something. Then
only you decide. Right? So first first
thing you think of your mind is did it
change? But what is this did it? The
eight part is the relationship between
parents and children.
Same way have you guys purchased this
movie? Right? So if I change the movie
name maybe the answer can be yes or no.
Right? So purchase will help you to
recognize if it is yes and no. And extra
information about movie will also be
helpful in this case. So keep it in
mind. The words might be here and there
but our brain works in this way. Have oh
answer is yes or no. Changed. Maybe it
did change. Change what? Relationship
between parents and children. Done. So
question is decoded because of these
words being there.
Right? Now how to answer this question?
This is just decoding the question in
our head in a second. In order to answer
this question always remember you can
answer it the worst way. What is the
worst way? I'll tell you and you tell me
why it is the worst way. Okay. Yes.
Relationship between parents and
children have changed in recent years.
Why this is the worst way? We are not
paraphrasing anything. What will they
provide? What will they grade us for our
lexical resources? Zero. They say that
they are copying the question as it is.
Never copy the question as it is while
you're speaking. Try to change it. You
can say that
oh definitely the way parents and their
and their kids um behave with each other
have gone through uh drastic alterations
or the way uh the bond between parents
and children is not same anymore.
There you go. So this is how you can
change few things such as the the
relationship parents and children change
recent years all of that all everything
is changed lexical resources full
right now better words to use like I
said alterations and and not same
anymore sometime can fetch you even
better marks so remember that don't copy
whatever they are showing you always
create your own way of speaking but and
yes paraphrasing the better you
paraphrase the higher the score of
course that's that that's That's known
to you guys. Right now, let's say I have
answered this question. Definitely the
the way parents and children behave with
each other is not same anymore. Now
comes the second question. If this is
done, we go to the second question which
is why do you think that is? Sorry, why
do you think that is? That means they
will ask either a reason or a list
whatever it is. Whatever it is, there's
always one way of answering it. By the
way, why do you think there is a change
in in the way the way they behave? Any
any reasons you guys know? We have work
culture. Work culture which is different
than earlier technology
for sure. Uses of these devices such as
phones and iPads and human tablets and
all. Fine. Uh work culture technology
great. Anything else?
Age difference generation gap academic
pressure could be any of them. Let's say
we use age difference. Okay. because of
age difference but earlier as well we
had age difference could be one point or
let's say academic pressure these days
everyone is educated right okay good now
what can happen in exam in exam we have
uh three possibilities possibility
number one you don't remember a single
topic zero topics you remember
okay possibility number two you remember
one topic possibility number Three, you
remember more than one topic. Why am I
asking you to uh do so is uh because
this can happen to you and this will
happen to you. So how to cope up with
this situation when you have zero?
Remember that this is the worst case
scenario because if you have zero topic
in your minds for example here you have
concrete points such as work, culture,
technology or age whatever it is you
know what to speak then if you have zero
topic in your mind what you going to do?
you know you're going to beat around the
bush. Basically what you're going to say
is uh well yes there is a change in
parents and children and it is not good
for society. Definitely it's bad for
society. They both will not grow
properly together. Well the question is
not asking fact they're asking why
because you don't know you just you know
talking gibberish. So this is the worst
case scenario. Try not to have it. At
least have one point one particular
topic that maybe technology maybe work
culture maybe anything else. Right.
Let's say I could think of only one
topic. You can make it look like this is
the best way to speak. Even with one
topic, the reason for that is present
yourself in a way that people think this
is the only way to uh only way to
present. There's no other way left,
right? How do we do that? Well, the most
important reason or most important uh
aspect or most important concept which
changed the way uh this is happening
right is because of technology. Now the
people might think you're right
everything else is teenytiny technology
is the biggest contributor or work
culture you can you can change your
answer right so now you can start
explaining technology how it has changed
and everything that's not the problem
problem was to use a concept and when
you don't you have this sentence that
most important is this what happens it
looks as if you are thinking of one and
then suddenly you came up with second
one that that doesn't look that good if
you can think of one use this phrase
Right? Well, the most important is and
primarily or fundamentally this is the
issue. Whatever it is, if it is more
than one,
then what do you do? Well, in that
situation, you can create a nice
sentence such as there are two main
reasons for the change of two main
reasons for um them to behave
differently, right? And they are one
work culture and secondly technology.
Now you can start with the first one.
This looks planned answer.
If you have two, go with this way. If
you have three, okay, that's bad. I'll
tell you why. Because you have a
sequence. You already mentioned. And
just in case if you miss that sequence
while speaking, you are in problem,
right? The examiner will say you
mentioned one this do this and then now
you you forgot your own sequence. So
never go with three. It's bad. Generally
speaking, very few people can stay with
three points and explain them properly.
two is the best. One is good as well, no
doubt. But you have to be presentive as
if this is the only reason we have. So
if there are two, just say that um well
there are two main reasons for this this
and that and uh work culture is blah
blah blah. Technology is blah blah blah.
This way our speech looks planned. It
looks as if you have you know basically
remembered the answer but it is not
remembered. Of course it is created on
the go. So there's no chance of
deduction. So the answer will look like
this. Definitely the way parents and
their kids behave with each other is not
same anymore. And the most important
reason in this age is definitely
technology.
I would say that I've seen parents of um
I've seen kids of age three or four
using phones at least 10 hours a day and
parents don't mind it because they
themselves are using 12 hours a day. So
the time they used to spend earlier is
consumed by technology especially um
cell phones or mobile phones right
earlier there used to be talks you know
in home while having dinner these days
we have airports you know everyone has
their have their own and then every
person is engrossed in their own content
world you can use such nice phrases and
there you go enough six seven sentences
done
if you want to add more you can add more
if in case you are lost in the content
and you don't know and the time only
four four sentences are over add one
incident you saw for example and this I
have seen this in my home as well you
know blah blah blah and whatever so this
way your speech looks amazing planned
and lexical resource cover uh GR cover
and you have and fluency is depends on
how you speak but yeah cover and finally
pronunciation depends also on how you
speak but at least these things are
covered that means you will definitely
gain uh benefit compared to others
because you are able to jump to the next
topic with a nice flow.
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