Motivation and Learning CTET CDP 22 English Explanation

Sanjay

welcome to part 22 of this video series

and the title of this video is

motivation and learning this is the 22nd

Topic in the city ET CDP syllabus and as

usual this video is available both in

English and Hindi versions on our

Channel

in all the videos of this series I have

included only those topics which are

important from your exam perspective

in this video we'll start by

understanding what is motivation what

are the aspects of motivation and we

look at some of the definitions of

motivation

then we'll see what are the types of

motivation and what is a motivation

cycle then we look at some of the

important motivation theories such as

Maslow's theory of hierarchy of human

needs David mclellan's theory of needs

and the theory of Mastery goals and

performance goals

then we look at how can we motivate

children in the classroom and we'll end

this video with some sample questions

from previous question papers so let's

get started

so what is motivation

motivation is anything that gets you out

of bed in the morning and motivation is

anything that makes you do things

throughout the day

for example tomorrow when you wake up

you are still in bed but you start

feeling hungry so your hunger is the

motivation that gets you out of bed

because you need to go get some

breakfast so hunger and food are your

motivations

if you're working you might need to get

ready and go to office go to work so why

do you need to go to work in the first

place right the need to earn money the

need to earn money is what gets you out

of bed and makes you get ready and go to

office or work every day

on a holiday you might want to go and

play with your friends the need to meet

your friends the need to have fun the

need to socialize is what gets you out

of bed on a holiday as well

and why are you watching this video well

you are preparing for an exam you want

to understand this topic so the need to

prepare for an exam the need to

understand this topic are the

motivations behind why you are watching

this video in the first place

if we did not have any motivation then

we would probably just stay in bed

throughout the day and not do anything

at all

there are three aspects of motivation

there is activation there is intensity

and there is persistence activation can

be the date or the time when your

motivation got activated and intensity

is the level of your motivation and

persistence is the continuity or the

dependability of your motivation

for example you might have seen the

official notification on the website

about the upcoming exam and that is when

you got motivated to start your

preparation for the exam so that is when

your motivation got activated

and the intensity of your motivation

will depend on how serious you are about

the exam if you are very serious then

you will have a higher level or a higher

degree of intensity if you are not so

serious then you will have a lower level

or a lower degree of intensity

but just because you have activation and

intensity it does not mean that your

preparation will be Dependable because

that is where persistence comes in

persistence is the continuity or the

dependability in your motivation for

example some people may have a higher

degree of intensity and they will start

their preparation and they will prepare

till the exam and they will do well

some people might have a lower level of

intensity but still they might have more

persistence better persistence so they

will also continue their preparation

till the exam and they will also clear

the exam

but some people may have a higher

intensity and when their motivation gets

activated they will start their

preparation but because they don't have

persistence so they might prepare for

some time then there is a gap then they

will prepare for some more time then

again they will take a break and just

before the exam again they will start

preparing and they might or might not

clear the exam because if you look at

the overall preparation process there

are so many gaps and those gaps are

because of their lack of persistence

lack of continuity lack of dependability

in their motivation so activation is

when your motivation got activated

intensity is the level of your

motivation and persistence is the

continuity or the dependability of your

motivation

there are several theoretical

definitions of motivation however you

just have to remember two things first

is that motivation is any reason that

makes an organism move that is

motivation is any factor that makes a

person move

and motivation arouses or creates the

interest in learning which is essential

for learning that is if you already have

a certain level of interest in you but

it is sleeping then motivation awakens

or arouses that interest in learning and

if you don't have the interest and

motivation actually creates the interest

in learning and without motivation you

cannot learn so motivation is essential

for learning so these are the two

important things that you need to

remember about motivation

let us now look at the types of

motivation there are two types of

motivation intrinsic and extrinsic

intrinsic means internal and extrinsic

means external so intrinsic or internal

motivation are all factors that come

from insiders for example basic needs

such as hunger or sleep or we do

something out of our own interests

belief pleasure instinct or our own

curiosity so these are all factors that

come from Insiders

whereas extrinsic or external motivation

are factors that come from outside for

example I might be doing something

because I am expecting an appreciation

from somebody or I am expecting a

recognition or I want money or I am

doing something just to avoid punishment

or I don't want to be teased by somebody

ridiculed by somebody so I'm avoiding

ridicule that's why I'm doing something

or it can be reciprocity that is I do

something for you you do something for

me so this is quid pro quo

now a statement that you have to

remember from your exam point of view is

that intrinsic or internal motivation is

always more powerful and more persistent

than extrinsic or external motivation

now why is this

let me give you an example if I tell you

that if you clear this exam I will give

you a iPhone 14. so here the iPhone 14

is an external motivation so you might

be preparing for this exam just because

you want this iPhone 14. so your

motivation here might be 50 for the exam

and fifty percent for the phone

so now just before the exam suppose

iPhone 15 gets released right then your

interest in this iPhone 14 is removed it

might get reduced so which means that

almost 50 percent of your motivation is

gone right whereas if you are doing

something out of your own interest right

then your motivation is hundred percent

on that particular Target that is the

exam and it will continue irrespective

of any outside influences therefore

intrinsic or internal motivation is

always more powerful and more persistent

than extrinsic or external motivation

let us now talk about the concept of

motivation cycle

now the motivation cycle starts with a

need for example tomorrow morning when

you wake up your body needs energy now

the body doesn't care whether the energy

comes from a banana or a sandwich or

idli or Dosa right it just needs energy

so what your body does it creates a

feeling of hunger so that hunger is the

drive

now because you are feeling hungry you

go to state of arousal a state of

arousal is where you do some thinking

that is you are deciding what do you

want to eat whether you want to make it

or whether you want to order it so in

the arousal State you think and you

decide on your plan of action

and then you go towards goal directed

behavior that is you are acting upon

whatever you have decided in your

arousal state so in goal directed

Behavior you will either make the food

or you will order the food and then

there is achievement so achievement is

where you have receive the food or you

have made the food and you start eating

so once you have finished eating then

your hunger is saturated and you don't

have to keep thinking about what to make

what to buy so there is a reduction of

Drive reduction of arousal so this is

the motivation cycle and this cycle will

again restart when your body again needs

some energy

let us now talk about some of the

important theories about motivation and

the simplest the most practical and the

easiest to understand is probably

Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of human

needs

now why do we need to talk about human

needs in the previous slide when we were

talking about motivation we saw that

motivation starts with a need

therefore if we understand how needs

work then we can understand how

motivation works

Maslow says that there are three types

of needs basic needs psychological needs

and self-fulfillment needs if we were to

put all of these needs on a pyramid then

at the most basic level will be the

physiological needs

food water warm the rest so these are

the most basic needs that will motivate

any person and these have to be met

before we can start thinking about

anything else

once your physiological needs are met

then you look at safety needs here you

are looking at security and physical

safety

so once your basic needs are met

then you can start looking at your

psychological needs

you can see that when a person grows a

little older becomes a teenager

adolescent or a young adult so then the

person wants to have friends the person

wants to have relationships and as the

person grows older he or she is looking

for Intimate Relationships as well so

these are belongingness and love needs

and as the person grows a little more

older and starts working right so then

the person wants to achieve something in

his or her career the person wants to

accomplish something he or she wants to

be respected by other people so these

are esteem needs

so once your psychological needs are

also met right then you will move

towards the next level of the pyramid

that is self-actualization

when you reach the self-actualization

you are looking at spirituality you are

looking at probably maximizing your own

potential exploring your creative

potential

so your previous levels that is your

esteem needs belongingness and love

needs that is the psychological needs

and your basic needs have to be met

before you can start thinking about

self-actualization so that is why people

who have achieved something in life who

have reached the esteem needs right only

those people probably think a lot more

about the self-actualization level

so this is Maslow's hierarchy of human

needs

let us now talk about David mclellan's

theory of needs so this Theory talks

about three types of needs need for

achievement need for affiliation and

need for power

so this theory is quite useful in

understanding what drives or what

motivates a person and by understanding

that you can maximize The Learning in

the classroom

need for achievement is connected with

success need for affiliation is

connected with interpersonal

relationships or social relationships

and need for power is connected with the

influencing or controlling other people

now these needs can be positive in

motivators or negative motivators

if a person's need is on the higher side

then that works as a positive motivator

whereas if the person's need is on the

lower side then that works as a negative

motivator

for example if a person's need for

achievement is on the higher side then

the person wants to win at any cost

whatever the person does he or she is

looking at how can I succeed in this so

that is a positive motivator

if a person's need for achievement is on

the lower side then it becomes a

negative motivator the person wants to

avoid any kind of competition because

the person fears failure

and the person tries to avoid taking any

kind of responsibility

if a person's need for affiliation is on

the higher side then the person wants to

have as many social interactions as

possible

and the person will demand loyalty from

the people around him or her and the

person would like to work harmoniously

and maintain good relationship with

everybody around him or her

whereas if a person's need for

affiliation is on the lower side then

that person tends to be a social recluse

and avoid any kind of a social situation

right so the person will actively avoid

social interactions

and if a person's need for power is on

the higher side then the person will

seek to influence and control other

people around him or her

and the person always wants to be in a

leadership position

whereas if a person's need for power is

on the lower side then the person is

more comfortable being a follower or as

a dependent or a subordinate and the

person will actively avoid any kind of a

situation where he or she has to take a

leadership position

so by understanding this theory of needs

and by understanding what motivates or

drives a person in your classroom you

can maximize The Learning Experience

let us now talk about the theory of

Mastery goals and performance goals now

this theory is not only helpful in

understanding the Learners in our

classroom this theory is also very

helpful in understanding ourselves

because whenever we undertake any

activity or task in our life we are

looking at it from a Mastery goal

perspective or a performance goal

perspective

if you are looking at something from a

master equal perspective it means that

you want to become a master or an expert

in that particular task or activity if

you are looking at it from a performance

goal perspective you are just looking at

performance or you are looking at

completing that activity or task so

depending on what is our goal is it

Mastery or is it performance we can

adjust our preparation strategy

accordingly

and we can prepare in the right way to

achieve our goal

for example you are preparing for the

upcoming examination so you can look at

all the subjects from a Mastery goal

perspective or you can look at the same

subjects from a performance goal

perspective

if you are looking at the subjects from

a Mastery goal perspective it means that

you will study all the subjects in depth

for example if CDP has eight chapters

then from a Mastery goal perspective you

will go through all the eight chapters

you will go into the depth of the

chapters and you will try to become a

master or an expert in those eight

chapters whereas if you are looking at

GDP from a performance goal perspective

and if there are eight chapters you will

open the previous question papers and

you will see that only 5 out of the

eight chapters are important from an

exam point of view so you will focus

your preparation only on those five

chapters so that way you are not going

to become an expert in cdb but this

focused study might help in your

performance

so this Mastery goal or performance goal

can be positive motivators or they can

be negative demotivators for example if

you are looking at a subject from a

Mastery goal perspective and you want to

become an expert then you will focus on

that particular subject and you will

prepare for that particular exam and you

will become an expert in that subject on

the other hand if you realize that you

don't have enough time to become a

master or an expert then you might

completely avoid that particular exam

just because you know that you will not

be able to master it so the Mastery goal

if you have enough time and enough

resources can become a motivator on the

other hand if you realize that you don't

have enough time and enough resources it

can become a demotivator

similarly if you are preparing for an

exam from a performance goal perspective

then you might realize that you still

have enough time to prepare for the exam

so you will start preparing for the exam

and you will clear it with the minimum

required marks or you will do well in

the exam however

you look at the calendar and you realize

that you don't have enough time to

prepare for the exam then the same

performance goal can become a

demotivator because now the performance

goal is telling you that you don't have

enough time to prepare for the exam so

let us not take it at all let us drop

out this year so that way goals whether

it is Mastery goal or performance goal

can be positive as a motivator or

negative as a demotivator

Let Us Now quickly look at how can we

motivate children in the classroom

as we discussed every learner is

different every child is different

therefore we have to understand what

specifically motivates that particular

learner or that particular child only

then we will be able to customize the

teaching learning process and meet the

requirements of that learner or that

child

next motivation is a continuous process

as we discussed motivation has

activation intensity and persistence if

there is no persistence that is if there

is no continuous motivation then the

person will start working towards a goal

then quickly lose interest and again you

have to motivate the person then again

he will work for some time so which

means that we have to ensure that the

motivation is consistent and persistent

and continuous

next we have to understand the learner's

personality type that is some Learners

may be leaders some Learners may prefer

to be followers so we have to understand

what is the personality type of each of

the children or the Learners in your

classroom only then you'll be able to

make sure that the activities and the

teaching learning process is customized

for their specific requirement

next just by motivating children and

just by telling them that they need to

be successful we cannot make them

successful we have to teach them the

skills necessary to be successful for

example if you want a child to be

successful in mathematics class we have

to ensure that the child's basic

mathematics skills are strong therefore

we have to teach the required skills we

have to give them the required tools so

that they can be successful

next set shared goals and expectation

here the focus is on the word shared

because if you tell the child what is

your goal and what is your expectation

and what is it that the child should be

doing then that becomes a autocracy or

like a dictatorship and that is not the

right way to teach children so if you

set shared goals that is if you discuss

with the child and the child or the

learner also takes ownership of the

goals and the expectations then they

will work more enthusiastically towards

them therefore set shared goals and

expectations

and give a sense of autonomy if people

have a sense of autonomy a sense of

freedom and if they feel that they are

also part of the decision making process

right if they feel that they are in a

democracy then that is the best way to

learn so give Learners a sense of

autonomy

and provide consistent feedback and

coaching especially younger Learners if

they are making any mistakes then unless

you provide immediate feedback

consistent feedback and coaching their

mistakes will become a habit so provide

immediate feedback consistent feedback

and coaching especially for younger

learners

praise and administration admiration are

big motivators you would have seen that

if you praise young children in the

classroom they become very happy they

feel very proud and they work even more

harder therefore use praise and

admiration liberally in the classroom

and connect the theory with real life if

you are teaching children something that

they cannot feel see look or touch in

real life which they cannot experience

in their day-to-day life then you are

teaching them something that doesn't

make sense so make sure that any

teaching that is happening in the

classroom is contextual and meaningful

for example instead of teaching about

exotic fruits like a dragon fruit in the

classroom teach them about the fruits

that they can see and experience and

taste in their daily life it might be

bananas it might be apples so make sure

that the theory is connected with the

real life

and then allow Learners the freedom to

make mistakes in one of the previous

videos we discussed that mistakes and

errors are part of the learning process

therefore allow Learners the freedom to

make mistakes and learn from those

mistakes and they should not be punished

for errors right the cause of the error

should be understood and the corrective

action or the preventive action should

be taken but Learners should be allowed

to make mistakes next keep the Learners

challenged and engaged in your class you

will have children or Learners with

different kind of abilities different

kind of learning speeds so we have to

make sure that you keep all the children

challenged and engaged throughout the

teaching learning process

so this is how we can motivate children

in the classroom these are all very

simple statements and based on common

sense I would recommend you should pause

the video here and go through all these

statements at least once more

let us now solve some sample questions

from previous question papers the first

question is which of the following

factors affect learning

now if we read these four statements all

of them are factors which will affect

learning all of them are correct

statements

so if you look at the answer choices

there is no option which is one two

three and four

we can select up to three statements

here so which means that we have to

identify the three strongest statements

or the three strongest factors which

will affect learning

now the first one says motivation of the

learner the second one says maturation

of the learner and the fourth one says

physical and emotional health of the

learner so one two and four all of them

are connected with the learner

whereas statement three says teaching

strategies so this also affects learning

but teaching strategies is more

connected with the teacher not with the

learner since there are three statements

which are specifically connected with

the learner we can say one two and four

is the correct answer therefore option

two this is one two and four is the

correct answer here

which one of the following statements

about motivation and learning is correct

now if you read through all the four

statements the first one says learning

is effective only when students have

intrinsic motivation that is a desire to

learn from inside this is a correct

statement next learning is effective

only when students are extrinsically

motivated by external factors this is

external motivation this is incorrect

next motivation does not have any role

to play in learning this is incorrect

because motivation plays a very

important role in learning next learning

is effective only when the students are

motivated using external rewards this

again is talking about extrinsic

motivation and this is incorrect

as we discussed in this video if I

motivate you with an extrinsic reward

like an iPhone 14. that might be a

temporary motivation till you are

interested in that particular reward you

are not interested in the actual

learning process you are you might be

motivated more by the reward and

tomorrow if a newer model get released

then your motivation suddenly becomes

zero therefore we have to ensure that

motivation is internal and not external

therefore learning is effective only

when students have intrinsic motivation

that is a desire to learn from inside so

this is the correct statement

which of the following is correctly

matched pair of a source of motivation

and the type of motivation

now this is a very simple question you

just have to see where is this

motivation actually coming from is it

internal or external now the first one

is curiosity curiosity is an internal

feeling therefore this is an intrinsic

motivation this is correct

appreciation from peers appreciation

recognition these come from outside so

these are extrinsic motivation these are

not intrinsic next Praise of the teacher

Praise of the teacher is again coming

from outside just like appreciation or

recognition therefore this is extrinsic

motivation this is not intrinsic next

trophy in a match trophy in a match is a

reward or record recognition and this

again is coming from outside this is not

internal therefore this is also

extrinsic motivation and not intrinsic

therefore there is only one option which

is intrinsic motivation that is option

one therefore this is the correct answer

which of the following belief is likely

to keep a student motivated for future

attempts

now if you read these four statements

you'll see that three of the statements

are negative statements and one

statement is positive statement so we

have to identify which of these is a

positive statement

now this can also be understood in the

context of the Mastery goals and the

performance goals Theory because if you

feel that you will not be able to master

something then if you feel that you will

not be able to perform well in some

particular activity or task then these

Mastery goals and performance goals can

become demotivators right whereas if you

believe that you will be able to master

something or you will be able to perform

well in something then these goals can

become positive or motivators so here

the first one I am not intelligent and

effort won't make any difference to my

ability this is a negative statement

here the person has already decided that

he or she cannot Master something or

perform in something so this is a

negative statement and this will

definitely not help for the future next

I am capable of doing the given task if

I put the required effort in my attempts

so this is a positive statement

right next I am an unlucky person and my

luck never favors My Success at a given

task this is again a negative statement

and this will not help in the future

next I lack the ability to do well in

science and it is beyond my control to

change it so this person has already

decided that he or she cannot Master it

or he or she cannot perform in science

therefore this is also a negative

statement that cannot help in the future

so therefore only one statement is

positive that is the second statement

and that will help in future attempts

will keep the student motivated for the

future as well therefore option two is

the correct answer

children can be encouraged to become

intrinsically motivated Learners by

doing which of the following so how can

we ensure that children are

intrinsically motivated that is their

interest comes from inside them now the

first one giving rewards for

encouragement here rewards are extrinsic

motivations or external motivation so

this cannot be intrinsic next punishing

them to avoid making mistakes now as we

discussed children should be allowed to

make mistakes mistakes are part of the

learning process errors are part of the

learning process therefore punishing

them for mistakes is not the correct way

next learning from the mistakes made

during learning process without any

negative penalty this is a correct

statement because we can learn from the

mistakes that we have made right so

mistakes and errors are part of the

learning process so this is a correct

statement next encouraging Teacher

attention to performance by special

Achievers within a classroom here we are

talking about the teacher giving

attention only to those special

Achievers right which means that the

other children will feel demotivated

because they are not getting any

attention from the teacher therefore

this is not the correct Behavior by the

teacher the teacher should give equal

attention to all the students right

therefore are giving attention only to

special Achievers is wrong therefore

only the third statement that is

learning from the mistakes made during

the learning process without any

negative penalty without any punishment

so this is a correct statement and by

following this process children can be

encouraged to become intrinsically

motivated or internally motivated

and with that we come to the end of this

video if you have any questions or

feedback please put them in the comment

section below and I will see you again

very soon in the next video of this

series till then take care stay safe