AAH Episode 33: Wave-Like Behaviors of Light

dispersion scattering

interference and diffraction how do

these wave-like behaviors of light

differ

from one another hello scipuls

i am mom angelica sagoso your science

teacher for today

in this episode of agam alam hub we are

going to discuss the difference among

the four wave-like behaviors of light

we will demonstrate how waves of light

undergo dispersion

scattering interference and diffraction

finally we will appreciate the different

real-life applications of the wave-like

behaviors of light

in the next few minutes we will explore

science for another

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moment

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six

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life is intimately involved with our

daily lives

many unique properties of light are

extremely fascinating

light waves across the electromagnetic

spectrum

behave in similar ways when a light wave

encounters an

object they are either transmitted

reflected

absorbed refracted polarized

diffracted or scattered depending on the

composition

of the object and the wavelength of the

light

the word wavelength is used to express

the wave or undulating property of light

it is the distance that light travels in

one oscillation

and is often expressed using a unit

called nanometer

one nanometer is equal to one billionth

of a meter

among the different waves in the

electromagnetic spectrum

our eyes can only see light that has a

wavelength between

approximately 400 to 700 nanometers

this range is called the visible light

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let us now discuss the four wavelike

behaviors of light

white light such as the light from the

sun is actually a mixture of different

colored lights

which possess different wavelengths

using a prism

let us separate the colors of white

light

when light is refracted which means it

travels from one medium to another

the different wavelengths of light are

bent at slightly different

angles this phenomenon is called

dispersion of light

light that strikes a prism refracts and

moves to its interior

it then reflects within the prism and

refracts once more

when exiting the material due to the

difference of wavelengths of the colors

of light

the beam that exits the material

displays the colors of the rainbow

the same phenomenon happens in the

atmosphere

when there is enough water droplets in

the air

they act just like a prism causing

dispersion that leads to the formation

of a rainbow

scattering of light is the phenomenon

that occurs when light is absorbed

and irradiated by particles in the air

which are about the size of gas

follicles

to visualize how scattering applied of

course let us demonstrate it

in this simple experiment

in a baker let us thoroughly mix 5 grams

of starch

to 500 milliliters of water

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so

meanwhile in a separate beaker let us

thoroughly mix

5 grams of sugar to 500 milliliters of

water

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so

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now let us focus a beam of laser light

towards the beakers

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what do you observe

that's right in the sugar solution the

laser light simply

pass through the beaker however

in the starch and water mixture the

laser light is scattered through the

beaker resulting to a glowing appearance

this phenomenon is known as spindle

effect

tyndall effect is the scattering of beam

of light by a medium containing small

suspended particles

like smoke or dust in a room which makes

light beam entering a window visible the

same phenomenon

explains why the sky appears blue during

the day

and orange or red during sunrise and

sunset

this is more commonly known to

physicists as rayleigh scattering

light from the sun reaches the earth

after traveling through space

it scatters when the striking the

various particles and molecules in the

atmosphere

a part of this light returns to the

outer space

while the remaining light reaches the

surface of the earth

after traveling through the atmosphere

the level

of scattering of light depends on its

wavelength

and of the lights that our eyes can see

blue light is more intensely scattered

this is why the sky appears blue to our

eyes during the day

however during sunrise and sunset

the sky can appear orange or red to our

eyes

this is because when the position of the

sun is slower

the distance that the light travels

through the atmosphere becomes

longer and the blue light is gradually

scattered

and weakens therefore the remaining red

or orange light

reaches our eyes

the phenomenon that occurs when the

light waves collide with each other

is called interference light moves in

various directions so the light waves

are constantly striking against each

other

when the peaks or crests of these waves

overlap

they become even larger this is called

constructive interference meanwhile

when the press and valleys or traps of

the waves collide

the waves cancel each other out this is

called

destructive interference through this

simple experiment

let us observe how interference occurs

notice that when the two bins of light

meet

there are areas which appear brighter

while others are

darker the parts that show brighter

light

indicates the existence of constructive

interference

while on the other hand the darker part

indicates

destructive interference

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the same phenomenon explains why we see

various colors

in soap bubbles a soap bubble is made of

an extremely thin spin

light reflecting from the outer and

inner sides of this film

interferes with each other to cause the

colors that we see

moreover the viewing angle of the light

interference

occurring at the soap bubble film

changes

due to ceaseless movement of the soap

bubble

due to the waves of light repeatedly

intensifying and cancelling each other

out

our eyes see mysterious and constantly

changing colors

another wavelike behavior of light is

diffractions diffraction is the bending

of light around corners

of obstacles or barriers it occurs when

light waves pass through these obstacles

or barriers

or through small openings there are

different degrees of bending or

diffraction this property applied is not

easy to observe because the bending is

very small

let us demonstrate the fraction applied

by changing the size of the opening of a

slit between two cardboards

the degree of the fraction depends on

the wavelength of the wave and the size

of the opening of the object

in general the longer the wavelength

compared to the width of the opening or

object

the greater the diffraction

hologram formation is possible through

diffraction

a hologram is a recording of an optical

interference pattern

which can produce a 3d light field using

diffraction

light passing through the hologram is

diffracted in various directions

producing both real and virtual images

of the object used to expose the film

the interference pattern is similar to

the pattern produced by the object

thus the image looks like the object

and appear three-dimensional ah

understanding the difference among the

wave-like behavior supply

is a significant part of physics to be

able to describe light phenomena

is of great importance because most of

the information we receive from our

physical

environment involves light and sight

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in this episode of agam alam hub we

discuss

the difference among the four wave-like

behaviors of light

and demonstrated how they occur we also

provided different real-life

applications of dispersion

scattering interference and diffraction

dispersion of light happens when light

is refracted

and the different wavelengths of light

are bent at slightly different

angles due to the difference of

wavelengths of the colours of light

the beam that exits the material

displays the colours of the rainbow

scattering of light is the phenomenon

that occurs when light is absorbed

and irradiated by the particles in the

air which are about the size of gas

molecules

this phenomenon explains why the sky is

blue during the day

and why the sky is orange or red during

sunrise and sunset

interference occurs when light moves in

various directions

so the light waves are constantly

striking against each other

constructive interference happens when

the crests of these waves

overlap and become even larger

destructive interference occurs

when the crests and drops of the waves

collide cancelling each other out

the appearance of the different colors

in a soap bubble

is explained by this phenomenon

diffraction

is the bending of light around corners

of obstacles or barriers

it occurs when light waves pass through

these obstacles or barriers

or through small openings hologram

formation is an

application of this phenomenon

understanding the difference

among the wave-like behaviors of life is

a significant part of physics

to be able to describe light phenomena

is of great importance because

most of the information we receive from

our physical environment

involves life inside

that's all for today sci files don't

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see you again next week for another ah

moment only here in agam alam hub

palacio scitec porta bye

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you