Why Shouldn't The Universe Exist?

you should not exist neither should your

family or your neighbors or the person

who served you in the supermarket

earlier

today the world should not exist there

shouldn't be any great art or music

there shouldn't be hunger or the horrors

of War there shouldn't be any of it

there shouldn't even be a

universe let's begin at the beginning at

the big bang and plausible and unlikely

event a one in 10 to the 10 to the 123

charts 10 to the 10 to the 123 is

sometimes called the Penrose number

named after the Nobel prize winning

British physicist and mathematician sir

Roger Penrose it measures the remarkable

level of order and precision with which

our universe was created order and

precision are known to Decay over time

you see it with the wires that lead into

an old pair of headphones getting more

and more Tangled As Time Goes By You See

It in the crumbling ruins of an ancient

city magnificent buildings carved

thousands of years ago by our ancestors

reduced to dust and Rubble by the

passage of time penr knew that our

universe should behave in the same way

its order and precision decaying over

time just like the cities of ancient

Egypt China and meso America he knew

that black holes were the crumbling

ruins of the cosmos the place where

everything ends up eventually where

order and precision finally give way to

the abyss there are about 10 to the

power of 80 protons neutrons and other

similar particles scattered across our

universe still evading the abyss of

black holes still Clinging On to their

order and precision this makes our

universe special like an ancient

artifact that hasn't yet crumbled into

dust and when he crunched the numbers

Penrose realized that our universe must

have been carved with a level of

precision that just didn't make sense an

incred incredibly low entropy a one in

10 to the 10 to the

123

chance and this impossible number is not

alone antimatter is like the mirror

image of matter and when the two combine

they destroy each other and although

there are 10 the^ of 80 protons neutrons

and other matter particles in the

universe there were only a sprinkling of

antiparticles but this is just as well

if there had been an equal number of

particles and antiparticles created in

the Big Bang they would have annihilated

each other out of existence almost

instantly and yet there is nothing in

our best models of the universe that

seems to give enough of a preference for

matter over

antimatter in fact when we extrapolate

the results of experiments it looks like

the universe should have been born with

an equal number everything should have

been

annihilated you and I should not

exist the universe should not

exist and

yet it

does but there is one prediction that

worries physicists far more than the

lack of antimatter or the remarkably

ordered state in which the universe was

born it is the weight of the

universe when theoretical physicists put

quantum mechanics alongside G relativity

in a controllable way they find that the

Universe should have bent itself into

Oblivion within a moment of creation it

should have been crushed by an

overwhelming weight most of which

doesn't come from the planets and stars

that are sprinkled throughout the Galaxy

but from empty space the

vacuum our entire universe should have

been crushed by the weight of

nothing this is a mystery known as the

cosmological constant problem and it has

haunted

physicists for nearly a 100

years the James web space telescopes

mirrors are aligned to about 10 nanom

that is 1 10,000 the width of a human

hair Precision is important when

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YouTube Julius Von mayor was a ship's

Doctor Who served on expeditions to the

Dutch East Indies in the middle of the

19th century whenever a sailor took ill

on one of the ships Von mayor would

often resort to bloodletting this wasn't

unusual bloodletting was a common

practice at the time and in in this case

it led Von mayor to make a

groundbreaking discovery in the hot sun

of Indonesia he noticed that the blood

running through a sailor's veins was

just as red as the blood running through

their arteries back home in his native

Germany where the weather was not so

warm the blood running through the veins

of his patients was always a little

darker than the arterial blood this was

he believed because it was lacking in

oxygen which had been used in the slow

combustion of food to help keep the

patient warm

in Indonesia the sailors were bathed in

tropical Sunshine they didn't need to

burn as much fuel to stay warm so their

veins carried blood with higher levels

of oxygen and appeared much redder in

color Von mayor realized that the heat

generated from the combustion of food in

the body must be equivalent to the heat

absorbed from the sun he realized that

heat was just another form of

energy

but what is energy and what does this

have to do with the weight of the

universe or even the cosmological

constant energy is the most precious

commodity of all we need energy to power

our vehicles to heat our homes to watch

videos on YouTube and as Von mayor

realized it comes in many different

forms in the 18th century early

industrialists were looking for ways to

convert trapped energy into useful work

that could power their machines that is

what energy is stuff that we can convert

into work oldfashioned water wheels

store potential energy by lifting a

heavy bucket of water up high before

allowing it to fall converting the

energy into useful kinetic energy the

energy of motion the steam engines of

the Industrial Revolution took the

chemical energy stored in coal converted

that into heat before once again

creating motion and it was Einstein who

came to realize that mass was also

another form of energy and to understand

why we need to remember the cosmic speed

limit the speed of

light nothing can go faster than the

speed of light which is about

299,792,458

m/s this limit applies to everything to

the speed of a bullet or a particle

whizzing around a collider it even

applies to Usain Bolt the legendary

Jamaican sprinter of course despite his

remarkable Talent bolt never managed to

get anywhere near the speed of light but

what if he had what if there were a

supercharged version of Usain Bolt