What Did James Webb Really See At The Beginning Of Time?

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on Christmas morning 2021 a mighty

rocket burst into

life quickly climbing away from the

ground it soared into the cloud Laden

sky and headed for the darkness of deep

space its Target was 1.5 million kilom

from Earth at a place where the

gravities of the Sun and our planet

combine in a very particular way in this

spot known as a lrange point the payload

would be held in space fixed in relation

to the Earth as it circles the sun once

in location this payload began its

delicate deployment immense sheets

unfurled to shade it from the glare of

the Sun as hexagonal mirror segments

unfolded and clicked into place it then

waited until it cooled to The Frigid

background of

space after several months the device

was ready for Operation the latest in a

long line of technological leaps a

signal was sent from the earth for this

most recent Observer to awaken to open

its eyes and appearer into the

darkness after 30 years and 10

billion the James web Space Telescope

had finally

arrived James Webb possesses a 6 and 1/2

M mirror and cameras tuned to see in the

infrared its mission is to map the lives

of young stars in our own Milky Way and

hunt for life on planets in orbit around

other Suns but it was its view of the

early universe that caused the first

controversy the power of James web

sitting far from the glow of the earth

is its ability to peer far back in time

its sensitive instruments can discern

light that has traveled for more than 10

billion years emitted by the first star

in the first fledgling galaxies through

web's eyes we can witness the birth of

the

universe astronomers of course had

expectations of just what web should see

in the infant Cosmos over the 20th

century they had come to realize that

galaxies even our own Milky Way had

grown over time they start as small

groups of stars but through collisions

and mergers small galaxies grow larger

until over many billions of years

galaxies with hundreds of billions of

stars appear in the cosmos but as

astronomers poured over the new images

from James web something did not seem

right as they peered into the epoch of

the earliest Stars they expected nothing

but small featuress blobs but instead

they saw something

unexpected large well-formed galaxies

peeking out of the darkness objects that

made no sense

for since the turn of the 21st century

astronomers have believed themselves to

be in an era of precision

cosmology they had determined that

gravity in the universe was dominated by

a strange dark matter and the expansion

of the universe accelerated due to an

even stranger Dark Energy both of these

have fed into the most accurate model of

the universe we have a model known as

Lambda C

M and yet James web had revealed large

galaxies appearing to exist in the first

billion years of the life of the cosmos

going against the predictions of this

hardfought model some scientists have

been driven back to the drawing board to

revise their theories of Galaxy

formation but others much more worried

fear for the very foundations of our

understanding of the

universe but this is not the first time

that new eyes on the sky have demanded a

revision of the Cosmos since the

earliest of times people have looked to

the Stars to uncover the workings of the

universe and since the earliest of times

they have been surprised by what they

saw and so what do we understand about

those first galaxies forming in the

black just after the big bang and do

these surprises thrown up by James web

derail our understanding of the universe

or help strengthen its foundations even

further

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the first food eaten in space was a beef

and liver paste that Yuri Karin squeezed

into his mouth like salty toothpaste he

followed it up with chocolate sauce this

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educational content on

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YouTube The Story Goes that Galileo

galile was the first to successfully

turn a telescope to the skies the device

a simple arrangement of lenses had only

recently been invented its Earthly

employment having mainly been navigation

surveying and of course Warfare but

Galileo's Focus was the Motions of the

heavens the invention of the telescope

is implicitly tied to the birth of

modern science a little more than half a

century after Galileo Isaac Newton also

turning his attention Skyward replacing

lenses with a silvered mirror he

revolutionized the design of telescopes

sharpening the image and constructing

the Foreigner of day's massive

telescopes including James web but

unlike Galileo Newton's observations

didn't revolutionize the cosmos but his

discoveries of the laws of motion and

gravity certainly did now the orbits of

planets moons and comets were understood

not to be a sign of the Divine but the

results of physical laws that pervade

the entire

universe astronomical telescopes

steadily developed after the time of

Newton and through each Advance more

more and more light could be collected

the Improvement of optical systems

resulting in clearer and sharper images

astronomers now had the tools to reveal

the true beauty and complexity of the

universe and so just what did they

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see as well as stars and planets the

skies were often home to magnificent

comets and by the mid 1700s French

astronomer Charles Messier was hunting

for these Heavenly Bodies he was looking

for the fuzzy coma of a comet formed as

ice and dust a boiled off the cometry

surface but in his search he found

himself constantly

frustrated we now know that comets are

rocky icy bodies that orbit the Sun and

Messier had expected the fuzzy coma to

move night after night during the

comet's travels but he came across

numerous fuzzy objects that stubbornly

remained in place not changing at all

Messier decided to elay his frustration

by cataloging all these anomalies

ignoring them if he happened to spot one

and so though messier's catalog of 110

objects mainly contains simple clouds of

gas within our Milky Way unknown to

Messier many of his objects were much

much more

distant throughout the 19th century with

better telescopes astronomers had found

structure in some of messier's objects

swirling spiral patterns hinting the

objects must be rotating eventually two

giants of astronomy went head-to-head to

settle the question and by 1921 a great

debate on the nature of these spiral