EIE Instruments | Cleveland Flash and Fire Point Apparatus | IS 1448 (PART-IV) | ASTM D92 |

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presence determinations of flash and

fire point of bitumen by Cleveland open

cup apparatus as per is one four four

eight part 69

introduction the flash point of the

bituminous binder is defined as a lowest

temperature at which application of a

DES flame causes the wipers of the

binders to catch a momentarily fire in

the form of flash under specified

conditions the fire point is defined as

a lowest temperature at which

application of a test flame pauses the

binder material to ignite and burn at

least for five seconds under specified

test conditions

the temperature at which such behavior

occurs is found to differ for different

types and grades of bituminous binders

in order to eliminate fire hazards

during heating mixing or application it

is necessary to restrict the process

well below these critical temperatures

Cleveland Open Cup appearances

determines these critical temperatures

this test method is applicable to all

petroleum products with flashpoint above

seventy nine degrees Celsius and below

400 degree Celsius apparatus

the apparatus consists of a desk up

heating plate with temperature regulator

and DES flame applicator thermometer a

SDM 11c or IP 28c having temperature

range of minus 6 degrees Celsius to 400

degrees Celsius is required to carry out

the test

the desk up is made of brass with

insulating handle the inside diameter of

a cup is between 63 to 64 mm the outside

diameter of the cup is between 60 7.5 mm

to 69 mm

the filling mark is between 9 mm to 10

mm from the top of the cup the inside

height of the cup is between 30 2.5 mm

to 34 mm the heating plate is of

sufficient dimensions and material to

ensure that the thermal heat to the test

cup has only applied to the bottom of

the test cup

the heater is controlled by suitable

energy regulator

the device for applying the test flame

is having a tip of 1.6 mm in diameter

having an orifice of approximately 0.8

mm plus or minus 0.05 mm diameter the

device for operating the test flame

applicator is swinged left to right and

right to left in 150 mm radius which is

maximum 2 mm above the plane of the rim

of the test cap the bead having a

diameter of 3.2 mm to 4.8 mm is mounted

on the apparatus so that the size of the

test flame can be compared procedure

clean the brass cup with appropriate

solvent and dry in the open flame or hot

plate or hot air oven cool the cup to a

point at least 56 degrees Celsius below

the expected flashpoint before using

now the desk up is filled with the

sample up to the filling line

the surface of the sample should be free

from air bubbles

the thermometer is suspended in a

vertical position in thermometer clip

light the test flame and adjust it to a

diameter of three point two to four

point eight mm to the size of comparison

bead on the regulator apply the heat

initially with the rate of rise up to

five degrees Celsius to seventeen

degrees Celsius per minute when test

temperature is approximately 56 degree

Celsius below the expected flashpoint

decrease the heat so that rate of rise

of temperature during the last twenty

eight degrees Celsius

before the flashpoint is five to six

degree Celsius per minute apply the test

flame when the temperature of the test

specimen is approximately 28 degrees

Celsius below the expected flashpoint

thereafter at every rise of two degrees

Celsius pass the test flame across the

center of the desk up at right angle to

the diameter which passes through the

thermometer the test flame has moved in

a horizontal plane having an arc of at

least 150 mm and not more than 2 mm

above the upper edge of the cup the

flashpoint is taken as the temperature

read on the thermometer when a flash

first appears at any point on the

surface of the sample

after determining the flashpoint the

heating is continued at the rate of rise

of five to six degrees Celsius per

minute an application of test flame is

continued and when the sample ignites

from minimum period of 5 seconds at that

instance temperature indicated on the

thermometer is noted as fire point of

the sample

calculations observe and record the

ambient barometric pressure at the time

of test apply the correction when

pressure differs from the 760 mm of Hg

apply the correction as shown corrected

flashpoint of fire point is equal to C

plus 0.03 3 into bracket 760 minus B

where C is equal to observed flash point

of fire point in degree Celsius and B is

equal to ambient barometric pressure in

mm of Hg rebooting report the result as

COC flash point of fire point the result

of duplicate tests shall not differ by

more than as shown in table

you

precautions the test shall not be

carried out in laboratory hood or at any

other location where air drought occurs

during the last 17 degree rise in

temperature prior to the flashpoint

there shall be taken to avoid disturbing

the wipers in the test cup by careless

movements or breathing near the cup

the sample into the cup should be filled

up to the fill line excess sample should

be removed by Pipit or other device if

the sample is found on the outside of

the apparatus empty the cup clean again

and refill it if any air bubble is found

on the surface of the sample discard the

test sample may be heated until it is

reasonably fluid before being poured

into the cup

however temperature during heating shall

not exceed 56 degrees Celsius below the

probable flashpoint all the safety and

health precautions are required to be

followed before conducting the test

thank you wishing you an accurate

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