Berlin Wall in 6 Minutes - Manny Man Does History

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now on to Berlin Berlin is the capital

city of Germany in the past it has been

the capital of Prussia and indeed the

largest city in the Holy Roman Empire it

is a city full of history after the

Nazis came to power in Germany they led

a campaign across Europe which became

part of the Second World War

Germany's enemies joined forces and

defeated the Nazis Berlin suffered huge

destruction as Soviet forces pummeled

the city Germany was divided into zones

controlled by Britain France United

States of America and the Soviet Union

the city of Berlin itself was divided

into similar control zones as the years

followed tensions ran high between East

and West Berlin was entirely surrounded

by Soviet controlled territory and the

Soviet Union sought to control the whole

city in 1948 the Soviets blockaded

Western Berlin to try and starve them

into control the Western pyres were able

to airlift supplies into West Berlin

breaking the blockade

neither side were willing to directly

attack the other and risk another world

war which now had the threat of atomic

weapons this tension would continue for

dick

and what became known as the Cold War

and Berlin would be a central symbol of

tension and division throughout it

Germany would become formally

reorganized into the Federal Republic of

Germany in adopting the capitalist ideas

of the West and the German Democratic

Republic adopting the extreme socialist

ideas of the East West Berlin would

remain controlled by the West but

surrounded by the east as the years

progressed the two sides of the city and

indeed the two sides of the country

would develop separately politically and

culturally life under the East German

GDR regime could be very difficult with

many ambitious young people wanting the

career and lifestyle freedoms of the

West West Berlin was the perfect gateway

into the West as people could enter from

East Berlin and travel across to West

Germany and escape the oppressive GDR

regime as almost 20% of the population

had left this created a brain drain on

the East with so many young people

leaving this had to be stopped in August

1961 construction began on what became

the Berlin wall which would entirely

surround West Berlin stopping people

defecting to the West the official

reason from the GDR was to protect the

east from fascists of the West it's

official name being the anti-fascist

protection rampart but many including

the mayor of West Berlin Willy Brandt

saw it for what it was and he named it

the wall of shame this wall divided many

families and friends who lived on either

side that October a US diplomat tried to

enter into East Berlin for an opera but

was stopped by East German border guards

this all escalated into a standoff

between US and Soviet tanks at

checkpoint charlie

thankfully the standoff cooled down the

following day what tension would remain

high in the city US President John F

Kennedy visited West Berlin in a show of

solidarity to the West giving his rosing

speech including the famous Lane I take

pride in the words ich bin ein Valley

now over the years many people would try

and escape the East but as the wall was

built up and reinforced it had a series

of tough defenses including watchtowers

fences armed guards dogs vehicle ditches

and

the 3.6 metre tall concrete wall itself

to enter the well let death strip was

not advised a lot while it stood over

100,000 people tried to escape over

5,000 were successful possibly over 200

people were killed in the process the

wall became a symbol of the figurative

Iron Curtain which had fallen across

Europe during the Cold War in West

Berlin the wall became a ground canvas

for graffiti and was visited by tourists

some people constructed platforms even

allowing curious folk to peek over the

wall and see into the East at a Rolling

Stones concert in West Berlin in 1982

balloons were released into the sky and

as they floated across to the east the

German band Nina were inspired to write

the song 909 sigilyph balloons which

became translated into 99 red balloons

telling of an apocalyptic war resulting

from eastern forces mistaking the

balloons as a missile attack this was

the tension the world lived in during

the 1980s and Berlin was at the

epicenter of this tension in 1987 US

President Ronald Reagan traveled to West

Berlin and challenged the Soviet leader

Mikhail Gorbachev to tear down this wall

the Soviet Union and many of the Eastern

Bloc countries were going through many

changes in the late 1980s with less

intervention from a loosening Soviet

Union came a series of mostly peaceful

protests although Romania's wasn't so

peaceful in Berlin on the 9th of

November 1989 the GDR government

announced that they would be easing

security along the border and allowing

people from East and West to visit each

other once again almost immediately

people took this as an indication that

the wall would be coming down so people

arrived all over the border demanding

the gates be opened the overwhelmed

guards had no choice but to open the

gates and allow the reunion of East and

West families and friends separated for

almost thirty years people climbed atop

the wall and some began to dismantle it

some in the East began hiring out tools

of destruction to those eager to tear a

hole in the wall early adopters of

capitalism and david hasselhoff was

there for some reason the city of Berlin

was reunified the brandenburg gates were

opened once more and east and west

germany ultimately reunified in 1990 the

transition wasn't perfect

in berlin they tried to get rid of the

ample man the iconic pedestrian crossing

light which was used in the east there

was uproar as the people loved this

little guy so much so he now remains a

massive icon of the city to this day

small sections of the wall remain intact

in the city both as a tourist attraction

and as a reminder of Berlin's troubled

history thirty years on since its

downfall the Berlin Wall is a reminder

the division is never the answer

it reminds us that no matter how brave

you want to look when you build that

wall all you can see is fear thanks

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